The Project Gutenberg EBook of Our Knowledge Box:, Edited by Geo. Blackie
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Title: Our Knowledge Box:
or, Old Secrets and New Discoveries.
Editor: Geo. Blackie
Release Date: August 7, 2013 [EBook #43418]
Language: English
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=MADAME LANORMAND'S FORTUNE-TELLER AND DREAM BOOK.=
This is the greatest book ever published on these subjects, and contains
plain and correct rules for foretelling what is going to happen. It
treats on the art of telling fortunes by the hands or Palmistry, as
practiced by the Gypsies.--On Moles.--The Birth of Children, and
Foretelling Events by the Moon's Age and the days of the week; and How
to know if your love for a person will be returned.--Also, on Charms,
Spells, and Incantations.--Fast of St. Agnes.-The Nine Keys.--Magic
Rose.--Cupid's Nosegay.--The Ring and Olive Branch.--Love's
Cordial.--The Witch's Chain.--Love Letters.--Strange Bed.--To see a
Future Husband.--The Lover's Charm.--How soon you will marry.--How to
tell a person's character by Cabalistic Calculations.--How to tell
Fortunes by Tea Leaves and Coffee Grounds; by the White of an Egg.--How
to Choose a Husband by the Hair.--Lucky Days, etc., etc. It also
contains a complete Dictionary of all Dreams, arranged alphabetically,
and with a clear interpretation of each.--Also, Hymen's Lottery, and all
good and bad Omens.--Also, the only true copy of the Oraculum ever
published in this country; it is the Oracle that foretold to Alexander
the Great, his successes; it was found by MADAME LANORMAND, in 1801, in
one of the Royal Egyptian Tombs; it was given by her to Napoleon the
First, who always consulted it previous to any of his undertakings.
=Mailed for 20 Cents.=
=THE SHOWMAN'S GUIDE; OR, THE BLACK ART FULLY EXPOSED AND LAID BARE.=
This book contains most of the marvelous things in Ancient or Modern
Magic, and is the Text Book for all showmen. It shows How to knock a
Tumbler through a Table.--To drive one Tumbler through another.--How to
make the Protean Liquid.--To make a Watch stop or go at the word of
command.--How to walk barefooted on a hot iron bar.--To discover any
Card in a pack by its weight or smell.--To turn Water into Wine.--How to
eat Fire.--To Dip the Hand into Water without wetting it.--How to Fill a
Glass with two different Liquids, without mixing them.--How to Light a
Candle by a Glass of Water.--To Freeze Water by shaking it.--To break a
Stone with a Blow of the Fist.--To tear a Handkerchief into pieces and
to make it whole again.--How to fire a loaded Pistol at the Hand without
hurting it.--To change a bowl of Ink into clear Water with Fish swimming
in it.--To produce Candies, Nuts, etc., from a handkerchief, and many
other tricks too numerous to mention. =Mailed for 25 Cents.=
=THE MAGICIAN'S GUIDE; OR, CONJURING MADE EASY.=
This work was written by the celebrated HOUDIN, who, being prompted by
an honest desire to instruct those who wish to be initiated into the
depths and mysteries of his art, laid bare all his professional secrets,
and has treated the subject in the most eminently successful manner. By
a series of lessons he has thoroughly explained the principles of the
higher science. Numerous illustrations, together with full and explicit
directions, make success sure, and he who desires to be the sought after
and honored guest at every party or entertainment, has but to study this
book. It treats on all kinds of Magic, Legerdemain, and Prestidigitation;
Galvanism, Magnetism and Electricity, and is illustrated with 33 first
class engravings. =Mailed for 25 Cents.=
OUR KNOWLEDGE BOX:
OR,
OLD SECRETS AND NEW DISCOVERIES.
_A COMPENDIUM OF VALUABLE INFORMATION, AND AN INDISPENSABLE
HAND-BOOK FOR THE USE OF EVERYBODY: THE BEST COLLECTION OF RARE AND
VALUABLE RECIPES EVER PUBLISHED._
GEO. BLACKIE & CO.,
Publishers,
_746 BROADWAY, NEW YORK._
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Secrets of the Liquor Trade 3
Druggists' Department 8
Manufacturers' Department 14
The Toilet, Perfumery, Etc. 27
Hunters' and Trappers' Secrets 34
The Fine Arts and Sciences 36
Farmers' Department 43
Confectioners' Department 46
Valuable Miscellaneous Recipes for the Household and every day
Requirements 48
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by CHAS.
MCARTHUR, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington,
D. C.
OUR KNOWLEDGE BOX.
SECRETS OF THE LIQUOR TRADE.
_Cider Without Apples._--To each gallon of cold water, put 1 lb. common
sugar, ½ oz. tartaric acid, 1 tablespoonful of yeast, shake well, make
in the evening, and it will be fit for use next day. I make in a keg a
few gallons at a time, leaving a few quarts to make into next time; not
using yeast again until the keg needs rinsing. If it gets a little sour
make a little more into it, or put as much water with it as there is
cider, and put it with the vinegar. If it is desired to bottle this
cider by manufacturers of small drinks, you will proceed as follows: Put
in a barrel 5 gallons hot water, 30 lbs. brown sugar, ¾ lb. tartaric
acid, 25 gallons cold water, 3 pints of hop or brewers' yeast worked
into paste with ¾ lb. flour, and 1 pint water will be required in making
this paste, put altogether in a barrel, which it will fill, and let it
work 24 hours--the yeast running out at the bung all the time, by
putting in a little occasionally to keep it full. Then bottle, putting
in 2 or 3 broken raisins to each bottle, and it will nearly equal
Champagne.
_Cider Champagne, No. 1._--Good cider, 20 gallons; spirits, 1 gallon;
honey or sugar, 6 lbs. Mix, and let them rest for a fortnight; then fine
with skimmed milk, 1 quart. This, put up in champagne bottles, silvered
and labeled, has often been sold for Champagne. It opens very sparkling.
_Cider--To Keep Sweet._--1st. By putting into the barrel before the
cider has begun to work, about half a pint of whole fresh mustard seed
tied up in a coarse muslin bag. 2d. By burning a little sulphur or
sulphur match in the barrel previous to putting in the cider. 3d. By the
use of ¾ of an ounce of the bi-sulphite of lime to the barrel. This
article is the preserving powder sold at rather a high price by various
firms.
_To Neutralize Whiskey to make various Liquors._--To 40 gallons of
whiskey, add 1½ lbs. unslacked lime; ¾ lb. alum, and ½ pint of spirits
of nitre. Stand 24 hours and draw it off.
_Madeira Wine._--To 40 gallons prepared cider, add, ¼ lb. tartaric acid;
4 gallons spirits; 3 lbs. loaf sugar. Let it stand 10 days, draw it off
carefully; fine it down, and again rack it into another cask.
_Sherry Wine._--To 40 gallons prepared cider, add, 2 gallons spirits; 3
lbs. of raisins; 6 gallons good sherry, and ½ ounce oil bitter almonds,
(dissolved in alcohol). Let it stand 10 days, and draw it off carefully;
fine it down and again rack it into another cask.
_Port Wine._--To 40 gallons prepared cider, add, 6 gallons good port
wine; 10 quarts wild grapes, (clusters); ½ lb. bruised rhatany root; 3
oz. tincture of kino; 3 lbs. loaf sugar; 2 gallons spirits. Let this
stand ten days; color if too light, with tincture of rhatany, then rack
it off and fine it. This should be repeated until the color is perfect
and the liquid clear.
_To correct a bad Taste and sourness in Wine._--Put in a bag the root of
wild horse-radish cut in bits. Let it down in the wine, and leave it
there two days; take this out, and put another, repeating the same till
the wine is perfectly restored. Or fill a bag with wheat; it will have
the same effect.
_To restore Flat Wine._--Add four or five pounds of sugar, honey, or
bruised raisins, to every hundred gallons, and bung close. A little
spirits may also be added.
_To restore Wine that has turned sour or sharp._--Fill a bag with
leek-seed, or of leaves or twisters of vine, and put either of them to
infuse in the cask.
_Ginger Wine._--Take one quart of 95 per cent. alcohol, and put into it
one ounce of best ginger root (bruised and not ground), five grains of
capsicum, and one drachm of tartaric acid. Let stand one week and
filter. Now add one gallon of water, in which one pound of crushed sugar
has been boiled. Mix when cold. To make the color, boil ½ ounce of
cochineal, ¾ ounce of cream tartar, ½ ounce of saleratus, and ½ ounce
alum in a pint of water till you get a bright red color.
_French Brandy._--Pure spirits, 1 gallon; best French brandy, or any
kind you wish to imitate, 1 quart; loaf sugar, 2 ounces; sweet spirits
of nitre, ½ ounce; a few drops of tincture of catechu, or oak bark, to
roughen the taste if desired, and color to suit.
_Gin._--Take 100 gallons of clean, rectified spirits; add, after you
have killed the oils well, 1½ ounces of the oil of English juniper, ½
ounce of angelica essence, ½ ounce of the oil bitter almonds, ½ ounce of
the oil of coriander, and ½ ounce of the oil of caraway; put this into
the rectified spirit and well rummage it up; this is what the rectifiers
call strong gin.
To make this _up_, as it is called by the trade, add 45 pounds of
loaf-sugar, dissolved; then rummage the whole well up together with 4
ounces of roche alum. For finings there may be added two ounces of salts
of tartar.
_Aromatic Schiedam Schnapps, to imitate._--To 25 gallons good common
gin, 5 over proof, add 15 pints strained honey; 2 gallons clear water; 5
pints white-sugar syrup; 5 pints spirit of nutmegs mixed with the nitric
ether; 5 pints orange-flower water; 7 quarts pure water; 1 ounce acetic
ether; 8 drops of oil of wintergreen, dissolved with the acetic ether.
Mix all the ingredients well; if necessary, fine with alum and salt of
tartar.
_St. Croix Rum._--To 40 gallons p. or n. spirits, add 2 gallons St.
Croix Rum; 2 oz. acetic acid; 1½ ounce butyric acid; 3 pounds loaf
sugar.
_Pine-Apple Rum._--To 50 gallons rum, made by the fruit method, add 25
pine-apples sliced, and 8 pounds white sugar. Let it stand two weeks
before drawing off.
_Irish or Scotch Whiskey._--To 40 gallons proof spirits, add 60 drops of
creosote, dissolved in 1 quart of alcohol; 2 oz. acetic acid; 1 pound
loaf sugar. Stand 48 hours.
_Rum Shrub._--Tartaric acid, 5 pounds; pale sugar, 100 pounds; oil
lemon, 4 drs.; oil orange, 4 drs.; put them into a large cask (80
gallons), and add water, 10 gallons. Rummage till the acid and sugar are
dissolved, then add rum (proof), 20 gallons; water to make up 55 gallons
in all; coloring one quart or more. Fine with 12 eggs. The addition of
12 sliced oranges will improve the flavor.
_Bourbon Whiskey._--To 100 gallons pure proof spirit, add 4 ounces pear
oil; 2 ounces pelargonif ether; 13 drs. oil of wintergreen, dissolved in
the ether; 1 gallon wine vinegar. Color with burnt sugar.
_Strong Beer, English Improved._--Malt, 1 peck; coarse brown sugar, 6
pounds; hops, 4 ounces; good yeast, 1 teacup; if you have not malt, take
a little over 1 peck of barley, (twice the amount of oats will do, but
are not as good,) and put it into an oven after the bread is drawn, or
into a stove oven, and steam the moisture from them. Grind coarsely. Now
pour upon the ground malt 3½ gallons of water at 170 or 172° of heat.
The tub in which you scald the malt should have a false bottom, 2 or 3
inches from the real bottom; the false bottom should be bored full of
gimlet holes, so as to act as a strainer, to keep back the malt meal.
When the water is poured on, stir them well, and let it stand 3 hours,
and draw off by a faucet; put in 7 gallons more of water at 180 to 182°;
stir it well, and let it stand 2 hours, and draw it off. Then put on a
gallon or two of cold water, stir it well, and draw it off; you should
have about 5 or 6 gallons. Put the 6 pounds of coarse brown sugar in an
equal amount of water; mix with the wort, and boil 1½ to 2 hours with
the hops; you should have eight gallons when boiled; when cooled to 80°
put in the yeast, and let it work 18 to 20 hours, covered with a sack;
use sound iron hooped kegs or porter bottles, bung or cork tight, and in
two weeks it will be good sound beer, and will keep a long time; and for
persons of a weak habit of body, and especially females, 1 glass of this
with their meals is far better than tea or coffee, or all the ardent
spirits in the universe. If more malt is used, not exceeding ½ a bushel,
the beer, of course, would have more spirit, but this strength is
sufficient for the use of families or invalids.
_Root Beer._--For 10 gallons beer, take 3 pounds common burdock root, or
1 ounce essence of sassafras; ½ pound good hops; 1 pint corn, roasted
brown. Boil the whole in 6 gallons pure water until the strength of the
materials is obtained; strain while hot into a keg, adding enough cold
water to make 10 gallons. When nearly cold, add clean molasses or syrup
until palatable,--not sickishly sweet. Add also as much fresh yeast as
will raise a batch of 8 loaves of bread. Place the keg in a cellar or
other cool place, and in 48 hours you will have a keg of first-rate
sparkling root beer.
_Superior Ginger Beer._--Ten pounds of sugar; 9 ounces of lemon juice; ½
a pound of honey; 11 ounces of bruised ginger root; 9 gallons of water;
3 pints of yeast. Boil the ginger half an hour in a gallon of water;
then add the rest of the water and the other ingredients, and strain it
when cold. Add the white of an egg, beaten, and ½ an ounce of essence of
lemon. Let it stand 4 days, then bottle, and it will keep many months.
_Spruce Beer._--Take of the essence of spruce half a pint; bruised
pimento and ginger, of each four ounces; water, three gallons. Boil five
or ten minutes, then strain and add 11 gallons of warm water, a pint of
yeast, and six pints of molasses. Allow the mixture to ferment for 24
hours.
_To Cure Ropy Beer._--Put a handful or two of flour, and the same
quantity of hops, with a little powdered alum, into the beer and rummage
it well.
_To give Beer the appearance of Age._--Add a few handfuls of pickled
cucumbers and Seville oranges, both chopped up. This is said to make
malt liquor appear six months older than it really is.
_How to make Mead._--The following is a good receipt for Mead:--On
twenty pounds of honey pour five gallons of boiling water; boil, and
remove the scum as it rises; add one ounce of best hops, and boil for
ten minutes; then put the liquor into a tub to cool; when all but cold
add a little yeast, spread upon a slice of toasted bread; let it stand
in a warm room. When fermentation is set up, put the mixture into a
cask, and fill up from time to time as the yeast runs out of the
bunghole; when the fermentation is finished, bung it down, leaving a
peg-hole which can afterwards be closed, and in less than a year it will
be fit to bottle.
_Stomach Bitters, equal to Hostetter's, for one-fourth its
cost._--European Gentian root, 1½ ounce; orange peel, 2½ ounces;
cinnamon, ¼ ounce; aniseseed, ½ ounce; coriander seed, ½ ounce; cardamon
seed, 1/8 ounce; unground Peruvian bark, ½ ounce; gum kino, ¼ ounce;
bruise all these articles, and put them into the best alcohol, 1 pint;
let it stand a week and pour off the clear tincture: then boil the dregs
a few minutes in 1 quart of water, strain, and press out all the
strength; now dissolve loaf sugar, 1 pound, in the hot liquid, adding 3
quarts cold water, and mix with spirit tincture first poured off, or you
can add these, and let it stand on the dregs if preferred.
_Soda Syrup, with or without Fountains._--The common or more watery
syrups are made by using loaf or crushed sugar, 8 pounds; pure water, 1
gallon, gum arabic, 2 ounces, mix in a brass or copper kettle; boil
until the gum is dissolved, then skim and strain through white flannel,
after which add tartaric acid, 5½ oz., dissolved in hot water; to
flavor, use extract of lemon, orange, rose, pine-apple, peach,
sarsaparilla, strawberry, etc., ½ ounce to each bottle, or to your
taste.
_Bead for Liquor._--The best bead is the orange-flower water bead, (oil
of neroli,) 1 drop to each gallon of brandy. _Another method_:--To every
40 drops of sulpuric acid, add 60 drops purest sweet oil in a glass
vessel; use immediately. This quantity is generally sufficient for 10
gallons spirit. _Another_:--take 1 ounce of the purest oil sweet
almonds; 1 ounce of sulphuric acid; put them in a stone mortar, add, by
_degrees_, 2 ounces white lump sugar, rubbing it well with the pestle
till it becomes a paste; then add small quantities of spirits of wine
till it comes into a liquid. This quantity is sufficient for 100
gallons. The first is strongly recommended as the best.
_Coloring for Liquors._--Take 2 pounds crushed or lump sugar, put it
into a kettle that will hold 4 to 6 quarts, with ½ tumbler of water.
Boil it until it is _black_, then take it off and cool with water,
stirring it as you put in the water.
_Wax Putty for Leaky Casks, Bungs, etc._--Spirits turpentine, 2 pounds;
tallow, 4 pounds; solid turpentine, 12 pounds. Melt the wax and solid
turpentine together over a slow fire, then add the tallow. When melted,
remove far from the fire, then stir the spirits turpentine, and let it
cool.
_Cement for the Mouths of Corked Bottles._--Melt together ¼ of a pound
of rosin, a couple of ounces of beeswax. When it froths stir it with a
tallow candle. As soon as it melts, dip the mouths of the corked bottles
into it. This is an excellent thing to exclude the air from such things
as are injured by being exposed to it.
DRUGGISTS' DEPARTMENT.
_Arnica Liniment._--Add to one pint of sweet oil, two tablespoonfuls of
tincture of arnica; or the leaves may be heated in the oil over a slow
fire. Good for wounds, stiff joints, rheumatic, and all injuries.
_Ayer's Cherry Pectoral._--Take four grains of acetate of morphia, 2
fluid drachms of tincture of bloodroot, 7 fluid drachms each of
antimonial wine and wine of ipecacuanha, and 3 fluid ounces of syrup of
wild cherry. Mix.
_Balm Gilead._--Balm-gilead buds, bottled up in new rum, are very
healing to fresh cuts or wounds. No family should be without a bottle.
_Blackberry Cordial._--To one quart of blackberry juice, add one pound
of white sugar, one tablespoonful of cloves, one of allspice, one of
cinnamon, and one of nutmeg. Boil all together fifteen minutes; add a
wineglass of whiskey, brandy or rum. Bottle while hot, cork tight, and
seal. This is almost a specific in diarrhea. One dose, which is a
wineglassful for an adult--half that quantity for a child--will often
cure diarrhea. It can be taken three or four times a day if the case is
severe.
_Brandreth's Pills._--Take two pounds of aloes, one pound of gamboge,
four ounces of extract of colocynth, half a pound of castile soap, two
fluid drachms of oil of peppermint, and one fluid drachm of cinnamon.
Mix, and form into pills.
_Brown's Bronchial Troches._--Take one pound of pulverized extract of
licorice, one and a half pounds of pulverized sugar, four ounces of
pulverized cubebs, four ounces of pulverized gum arabic, and one ounce
of pulverized extract of conium. Mix.
_Bryan's Pulmonic Wafers for Coughs, Colds, Etc._--Take white sugar,
seven pounds; tincture of syrup of ipecac, four ounces: antimonial wine,
two ounces; morphine, ten grains; dissolved in a tablespoonful of water,
with ten or fifteen drops sulphuric acid; tincture of bloodroot, one
ounce; syrup of tolu, two ounces; add these to the sugar, and mix the
whole mass as confectioners do for lozenges, and cut into lozenges the
ordinary size. Use from six to twelve of these in twenty-four hours.
They sell at a great profit.
_Candied Lemon or Peppermint, for Colds._--Boil one and a half pounds of
sugar in a half pint of water, till it begins to candy round the sides;
put in eight drops of essence; pour it upon buttered paper, and cut it
with a knife.
_Camphor Balls_, for rubbing on the hands, to prevent chaps, etc.--Melt
three drachms of spermaceti, four drachms of white wax, and one ounce of
almond oil; stir in three drachms of powdered camphor. Pour the compound
into small gallipots, so as to form small hemispherical cakes. They may
be colored with alkanet, if preferred.
_Camphorated Oil._--This is another camphor liniment. The proportions
are the same as in the preceding formula, substituting olive oil for the
alcohol, and exposing the materials to a moderate heat. As an external
stimulant application it is even more powerful than the spirits; and to
obtain its full influence the part treated should be also covered with
flannel and oil silk. It forms a valuable liniment in chronic rheumatism
and other painful affections, and is specially valuable as a
counter-irritant in sore or inflamed throats and diseased bowels.
Camphor constitutes the basis of a large number of valuable liniments.
Thus, in cases of whooping-cough and some chronic bronchitic affections,
the following liniment may be advantageously rubbed into the chest and
along the spine. Spirits of camphor, two parts; laudanum, half a part;
spirits of turpentine, one part; castile soap in powder, finely divided,
half an ounce; alcohol, 3 parts. Digest the whole together for three
days, and strain through linen. This liniment should be gently warmed
before using. A powerful liniment for old rheumatic pains, especially
when affecting the loins, is the following: camphorated oil and spirits
of turpentine, of each two parts; water of hartshorn, one part;
laudanum, one part; to be well shaken together. Another very efficient
liniment or embrocation, serviceable in chronic painful affections, may
be conveniently and easily made as follows: Take of camphor, one ounce;
cayenne pepper, in powder, two teaspoonfuls; alcohol, one pint. The
whole to be digested with moderate heat for ten days, and filtered. It
is an active rubificant; and after a slight friction with it, it
produces a grateful, thrilling sensation of heat in the pained part,
which is rapidly relieved.
_Camphor Tablet for Chapped Hands, etc._--Melt tallow, and add a little
powdered camphor and glycerine, with a few drops of oil of almonds to
scent. Pour in molds and cool.
_Camphorated Eye-Water._--Sulphate of copper, 15 grains; French bolo, 15
grains; camphor, 4 grains; boiling water, 4 oz. Infuse, strain, and
dilute with 2 quarts of cold water.
_Canker-Cure._--Take one large teaspoonful of water, two teaspoonfuls of
honey, two of loaf sugar, three of powdered sage, two of powdered
gold-thread, and one of alum. Stir up all together; put into a vessel,
and let it simmer moderately over a steady fire. An oven is better. Then
bottle for use. Give a teaspoonful occasionally through the day.
_Cephalic Snuff._--Dried asarbacca leaves, three parts; majoram, one
part, lavender flowers, one part; rub together to a powder.
_Certain Cure for Headache and all Neuralgic Pains._--Opodeldoc, spirits
of wine, sal ammoniac, equal parts. To be applied as any other lotion.
_Chamomile Pills._--Aloes, twelve grains; extract chamomile, thirty-six
grains; oil of chamomile, three drops; make into twelve pills: two every
night, or twice a day.
_Chlorine Pastiles for Disinfecting the Breath._--Dry chloride of lime,
two drachms; sugar, eight ounces; starch, one ounce, gum tragacanth, one
drachm; carmine, two grains. Form into small lozenges.
2. Sugar flavored with vanilla, 1 ounce; powdered tragacanth, 20 grains;
liquid chloride of soda sufficient to mix; add two drops of any
essential oil. Form a paste and divide into lozenges of 15 grains each.
_Cholera Morbus._--Take two ounces of the leaves of the bene plant, put
them in half a pint of cold water and let them soak an hour. Give two
tablespoonfuls hourly, until relief is experienced.
_Cholera Remedy._--Spirits of wine, one ounce; spirits of lavender,
quarter ounce; spirits of camphor, quarter ounce; compound tincture of
benzoin, half an ounce; oil of origanum, quarter ounce; twenty drops on
moist sugar. To be rubbed outwardly also.
2. Twenty-five _minims_ of diluted sulphuric acid in an ounce of water.
_Corn Remedy._--Soak a piece of copper in strong vinegar for twelve or
twenty-four hours. Pour the liquid off, and bottle. Apply frequently,
till the corn is removed.
2. Supercarbonate of soda, one ounce, finely pulverized, and mix with
half an ounce of lard. Apply on a linen rag every night.
_Cough Compound._--For the cure of coughs, colds, asthma, whooping cough
and all diseases of the lungs; One spoonful of common tar, three
spoonfuls of honey, the yolk of three hen's eggs, and half a pint of
wine; beat the tar, eggs and honey well together with a knife, and
bottle for use. A teaspoonful every morning, noon and night, before
eating.
_Cough Syrup._--Put one quart hoarhound to one quart water, and boil it
down to a pint; add two or three sticks of licorice and a tablespoonful
of essence of lemon. Take a tablespoonful of the syrup three times a
day, or as often as the cough may be troublesome. The above receipt has
been sold for $100. Several firms are making much money by its
manufacture.
_Cure for Diarrhea._--The following is said to be an excellent cure for
the above distressing complaint: Laudanum, two ounces; spirits of
camphor, two ounces; essence of peppermint, two ounces; Hoffman's
anodyne, two ounces; tincture of cayenne pepper, two drachms; tincture
of ginger, one ounce. Mix all together. Dose, teaspoonful in a little
water, or a half teaspoonful repeated in an hour afterward in a
tablespoonful of brandy. This preparation it is said, will check
diarrhea in ten minutes, and abate other premonitory symptoms of cholera
immediately. In cases of cholera, it has been used with great success to
restore reaction by outward application.
_Digestive Pills._--Rhubarb, two ounces; ipecacuanha, half an ounce;
cayenne pepper, quarter of an ounce; soap, half an ounce; ginger,
quarter of an ounce; gamboge, half an ounce. Mix, and divide into four
grain pills.
_Dried Herbs._--All herbs which are to be dried should be washed,
separated, and carefully picked over, then spread on a coarse paper and
keep in a room until perfectly dry. Those which are intended for cooking
should be stripped from the stems and rubbed very fine. Then put them in
bottles and cork tightly. Put those which are intended for medicinal
purposes into paper bags, and keep them in a dry place.
_Dysentery Specific_, (particularly for bloody dysentery in Adults and
Children.)--Take one pound gum arabic, one ounce gum tragacanth,
dissolved in two quarts of soft water, and strained. Then take one pound
of cloves, half a pound of cinnamon, half a pound allspice, and boil in
two quarts of soft water, and strain. Add it to the gums, and boil all
together over a moderate fire, and stir into it two pounds of loaf
sugar. Strain the whole again when you take it off, and when it is cool,
add to it half a pint sweet tincture rhubarb, and a pint and a half of
best brandy. Cork it tight in bottles, as the gums will sour, if
exposed. If corked properly it will keep for years.
_Anti-Bilious Pills._--Compound extract of colocynth, 60 grains;
rhubarb, 30 grains; soap, 10 grains. Make into 24 pills. Dose 2 to 4.
2. Compound extract of colocynth, 2 drachms; extract of rhubarb, half a
drachm; soap, 10 grains. Mix, and divide into 40 pills. Dose, 1, 2, or
3.
3. Scammony, 10 to 15 grains; compound extract of colocynth, 2 scruples;
extract of rhubarb, half a drachm; soap, 10 grains; oil of caraway, 5
drops. Make into 20 pills. Dose, 1 or 2, as required.
_Great Pain Extractor._--Spirits of ammonia, one ounce; laudanum, one
ounce; oil of organum, one ounce; mutton tallow, half-pound; combine the
articles with the tallow when it is nearly cool.
_Godfrey's Cordial._--Sassafras, six ounces; seeds of coriander, caraway
and anise, of each one ounce; infuse in six pints of water; simmer the
mixture till reduced to four pints; then add six pounds of molasses;
boil a few minutes; when cold, add three fluid ounces of tincture of
opium. For children teething.
_Hydrophobia, to Prevent._--Elecampane, one drachm; chalk, four drachms;
Armenian bole, three drachms; alum, ten grains; oil of aniseseed, five
drops.
_Infant's Syrup._--The syrup is made thus: one pound best box raisins,
half an ounce of aniseseed, two sticks licorice; split the raisins,
pound the aniseseed, and cut the licorice fine; add to it three quarts
of rain water, and boil down to two quarts. Feed three or four times a
day, as much as the child will willingly drink. The raisins are to
strengthen, the anise is to expel the wind, and the licorice as a
physic.
_Basilicon Ointment._--Good resin, five parts; lard, eight parts; yellow
wax, two parts. Melt, and stir together till cool.
_Cancer Ointment._--White arsenic, sulphur, powdered flowers of lesser
spearwort, and stinking chamomile, levigated together and formed into a
paste with white of egg.
_Elder Flower Ointment._--Lard, twenty-five pounds; prepared mutton
suet, five pounds; melt in an earthen vessel; add elder flower water,
three gallons. Agitate for half an hour, and set it aside; the next day
gently pour off the water, remelt the ointment, add benzoic acid three
drachms; otto of roses, twenty drops; essence of bergamot and oil of
rosemary, of each, thirty drops; again agitate well, let it settle for
a few minutes, and pour off the clear into pots.
_Eruption Ointment, for Frosted Feet, etc._--Chrome yellow, and hog's
lard.
_Foot Ointment_ (for all domestic animals).--Equal parts of tar, lard
and resin, melted together.
_Golden Ointment._--Orpiment, mixed with lard to the consistence of an
ointment.
_Pile Ointment._--Powdered nutgall, two drachms; camphor, one drachm;
melted wax, one ounce; tincture of opium, two drachms. Mix.
_Swaim's Vermifuge._--Wormseed, two ounces: valerian, rhubarb,
pink-root, white agaric, of each, one and a half ounces; boil in
sufficient water to yield three quarts of decoction, and add to it
thirty drops of oil of tansy, and forty-five drops of oil of cloves,
dissolved in a quart of rectified spirits. Dose, one teaspoonful at
night.
_For Tetter, Ringworm, and Scald Head._--One pound simple cerate;
sulphuric acid, one-quarter of a pound; mix together, and ready for use.
_Tincture for Wounds._--Digest flowers of St. Johnswart, one handful, in
half a pint of rectified spirits, then express the liquor and dissolve
it in myrrh, aloes, and dragon's blood, of each one drachm, with Canada
balsam, half an ounce.
_Tonic._--The following is the tonic used by reformed drunkards to
restore the vigor of the stomach. Take of gentian root, half an ounce;
valerian root, one drachm; best rhubarb root, two drachms; bitter orange
peel, three drachms; cardamom seeds, half an ounce; and cinnamon bark,
one drachm. Having bruised all the above together in a mortar (the
druggist will do it if requested), pour upon it one and a half pints of
boiling water and cover up close; let it stand till cold; strain,
bottle, and cork securely; keep in a dark place. Two tablespoonfuls may
be taken every hour before meals, and half that quantity whenever the
patient feels that distressing sickness and prostration so generally
present for some time after alcoholic stimulants have been abandoned.
_Whooping Cough._--Mix a quarter of a pound of ground elecampane root in
half a pint of strained honey and half a pint of water. Put them in a
glazed earthen pot, and place it in a stone oven, with half the heat
required to bake bread. Let it bake until about the consistency of
strained honey, and take it out. Administer in doses of a teaspoonful
before each meal, to a child; if an adult, double the dose.
_Wild Cherry Bitters._--Boil a pound of wild cherry bark in a quart of
water till reduced to a pint. Sweeten and add a little rum to preserve,
or, if to be used immediately, omit the rum. Dose, a wineglassful three
times a day, on an empty stomach.
_A Certain Cure for Drunkenness._--Sulphate of iron, 5 grains; magnesia,
10 grains peppermint water, 11 drachms; spirits of nutmeg, 1 drachm;
twice a day. This preparation acts as a tonic and stimulant, and so
partially supplies the place of the accustomed liquor, and prevents that
absolute physical and moral prostration that follows a sudden breaking
off from the use of stimulating drinks.
MANUFACTURERS' DEPARTMENT.
_Indelible Ink for Marking Clothing._--Nitrate of silver, five scruples;
gum arabic, two drachms; sap green, one scruple; distilled water, one
ounce; mix together. Before writing on the article to be marked, apply a
little of the following: carbonate of soda, one-half ounce; distilled
water, four ounces; let this last, which is the mordant, get dry; then,
with a quill pen, write what you require.
_Imitation Gold._--16 parts platina; 7 parts copper; 1 part zinc. Put in
a covered crucible, with powdered charcoal, and melt together till the
whole forms one mass, and are thoroughly incorporated together. Or, take
4 oz. platina, 3 oz. silver, 1 oz. copper.
_Imitation Silver._--11 oz. refined nickel; 2 oz. metalic bismuth. Melt
the compositions together three times, and pour them out in ley. The
third time, when melting, add 2 oz. pure silver. Or take ¼ oz. copper, 1
oz. bismuth, 2 oz. saltpetre, 2 oz. common salt, 1 oz. arsenic, 1 oz.
potash, 2 oz. brass, and 3 oz. pure silver. Melt all together in a
crucible.
_Recipe for Making Artificial Honey._--To 10 lbs. sugar add 3 lbs.
water, 40 grains cream tartar, 10 drops essence peppermint, and 3 lbs.
strained honey. First dissolve the sugar in water, and take off the
scum; then dissolve the cream of tartar in a little warm water, which
you will add with some little stirring; then add the honey; heat to a
boiling point, and stir for a few minutes.
_Vinegar._--Take forty gallons of soft water, six quarts of cheap
molasses, and six pounds of acetic acid; put them into a barrel (an old
vinegar barrel is best), and let them stand from three to ten weeks,
stirring occasionally. Add a little "mother" of old vinegar if
convenient. Age improves it.
_Soft Soap._--Dissolve fifteen pounds of common cheap hard soap in
fifteen gallons of hot water, and let it cool. Then dissolve fifteen
pounds of sal soda in fifteen gallons of hot water; add six pounds of
unslaked lime, and boil twenty minutes. Let it cool and settle, and then
pour off the clear liquor very carefully and mix it with the soap
solution. It improves it very much to add one quart of alcohol after
mixing the two solutions. Smaller quantities can be made in the same
proportions. If too strong, add water to suit.
_Babbit's Premium Soap._--5 gals, strong ley; 5 gals water; 5 lbs.
tallow; 1 lb. potash; 2 lbs. sal soda; ½ lb. rosin; 1 pt. salt; 1 pt.
washing fluid. Let the water boil; then put in the articles, and boil
half an hour. Stir it well while boiling, and then run into moulds. It
will be ready for use as soon as cold. The above preparations are for
100 pounds of soap.
_Celebrated Recipe for Silver Wash._--One ounce of nitric acid, one
ten-cent piece, and one ounce of quick-silver. Put in an open glass
vessel and let it stand until dissolved; then add one pint of water, and
it is ready for use. Make it into a powder by adding whiting, and it may
be used on brass, copper, German silver, etc.
_Cement for Aquaria._--Many persons have attempted to make aquarium, but
have failed on account of the extreme difficulty in making the tank
resist the action of water for any length of time. Below is a recipe for
a cement that can be relied upon; it is perfectly free from anything
that injures the animals or plants; it sticks to glass, metal, wood,
stone, etc., and hardens under water. A hundred different experiments
with cements have been tried, but there is nothing like it. It is the
same as that used in constructing the tanks of the Zoological Gardens,
London, and is almost unknown in this country. One part, by measure, say
a gill, of litharge; one gill of plaster of Paris; one gill of dry,
white sand, one-third of a gill of finely-powdered resin. Sift and keep
corked tight until required for use, when it is to be made into a putty
by mixing in boiled oil (linseed) with a little patent dryer added.
Never use it after it has been mixed (that is, with the oil) over
fifteen hours. This cement can be used for marine as well as fresh water
aquaria, as it resists the action of salt water. The tank can be used
immediately, but it is best to give it three or four hours to dry.
_Cement for Attaching Metal to Glass._--Take two ounces of a thick
solution of glue, and mix it with one ounce of linseed-oil varnish, and
half an ounce of pure turpentine; the whole are then boiled together in
a close vessel. The two bodies should be clamped and held together for
about two days after they are united, to allow the cement to become
dry. The clamps may then be removed.
_Cement for Mending Broken China._--Stir plaster of Paris into a thick
solution of gum arabic, till it becomes a viscous paste. Apply it with a
brush to the fractured edges, and draw the parts closely together.
_Cement for Mending Steam Boilers._--Mix two parts of finely powdered
litharge with one part of very fine sand, and one part of quicklime
which has been allowed to slack spontaneously by exposure to the air.
This mixture may be kept for any length of time without injury. In using
it a portion is mixed into paste with linseed oil, or, still better,
boiled linseed oil. In this state it must be quickly applied, as it soon
becomes hard.
_Cheap White House Paint._--Take skim milk, two quarts, eight ounces
fresh slaked lime, six ounces linseed oil; two ounces white Burgundy
pitch, three pounds Spanish white. Slake the lime in water, expose it to
the air, and mix in about one-quarter of the milk, the oil, in which the
pitch is previously dissolved, to be added, a little at the time; then
the rest of the milk, and afterwards the Spanish white. This quantity is
sufficient for thirty square yards, two coats, and costs but a few
cents. If the other colors are wanted, use, instead of Spanish white,
other coloring matter.
_Composition for House-Roofs._--Take one measure of fine sand, two of
sifted wood-ashes, and three of lime, ground up with oil. Mix
thoroughly, and lay on with a painter's brush, first a thin coat and
then a thick one. This composition is not only cheap, but it strongly
resists fire.
_Diamond Cement._--Isinglass, one ounce; distilled vinegar, five and a
half ounces; spirits of wine, two ounces; gum ammoniacum, half an ounce;
gum mastic, half an ounce. Mix well.
_French Polish._--To one pint of spirits of wine, add a quarter of an
ounce of gum copal, a quarter of an ounce of gum arabic, and one ounce
of shellac. Let the gums be well bruised, and sifted through a piece of
muslin. Put the spirits and the gums together in a vessel that can be
closely corked; place them near a warm stove, and frequently shake them;
in two or three days they will be dissolved; strain the mixture through
a piece of muslin, and keep it tightly corked for use.
_Furniture Oil for Polishing and Staining Mahogany._--Take of linseed
oil, one gallon; alkanet root, three ounces; rose pink, one ounce. Boil
them together ten minutes, and strain so that the oil be quite clear.
The furniture should be well rubbed with it every day until the polish
is brought up, which will be more durable than any other.
_Glue for ready Use._--To any quantity of glue use common whiskey
instead of water. Put both together in a bottle, cork tight, and set it
away for three or four days, when it will be fit for use without the
application of heat.
_A Quart of Ink, for a Dime._--Buy extract of logwood, which may be had
at three cents an ounce, or cheaper by the quantity. Buy also, for three
cents, an ounce of _bi-chromate of potash_. Do not make a mistake, and
get the simple chromate of potash. The former is orange red, and the
latter clear yellow. Now, take half an ounce of extract of logwood and
ten grains of bi-chromate of potash, and dissolve them in a quart of hot
rain water. When cold, pour it into a glass bottle, and leave it
uncorked for a week or two. Exposure to the air is indispensable. The
ink is then made, and has cost five to ten minutes' labor, and about
three cents, beside the bottle. The ink is at first an intense steel
blue, but becomes quite black.
_An Excellent Substitute for Ink._--Put a couple of iron nails into a
teaspoonful of vinegar. In half an hour pour in a tablespoonful of
strong tea, and then you will have ink enough for a while.
_Ink, First-Rate Black._--Take twelve pounds of bruised galls, five
pounds of gum Senegal, five pounds of green sulphate of iron, and twelve
gallons of rain water. Boil the galls with nine gallons of water for
three hours, adding fresh water to replace what is lost by evaporation.
Let the decoction settle, and draw off the clear liquor; add to it a
strained solution of the gum; dissolve also the sulphate of iron
separately, and mix the whole.
_Ink, Blue._--Chinese blue, three ounces; oxalic acid, (pure,)
three-quarters of an ounce; gum arabic, powdered, one ounce; distilled
water, six pints. Mix.
_Ink, Cheap Printing._--Take equal parts of lampblack and oil; mix and
keep on the fire till reduced to the right consistency. This is a good
ink for common purposes, and is very cheap. We have used it extensively
ourselves.
_Ink, Copying._--Dissolve half an ounce of gum and twenty grains of
Spanish licorice in thirteen drachms of water, and add one drachm of
lampblack, previously mixed with a teaspoonful of sherry.
_Ink, Indelible._--To four drachms of lunar caustic, in four ounces of
water, add 60 drops of nutgalls, made strong by being pulverized and
steeped in soft water. The mordant, which is to be applied to the cloth
before writing, is composed of one ounce of pearlash, dissolved in four
ounces of water, with a little gum arabic dissolved in it. Wet the spot
with this; dry and iron the cloth; then write.
_Ink, Indelible Marking._--One and a half drachms of nitrate of silver,
one ounce of distilled water, half an ounce of strong mucilage of gum
arabic, three-quarters of a drachm of liquid ammonia. Mix the above in a
clean glass bottle, cork tightly, and keep in a dark place till
dissolved, and ever afterwards. Directions for use: Shake the bottle,
then dip a clean quill pen in the ink, and write or draw what you
require on the article; immediately hold it close to the fire (without
scorching), or pass a hot iron over it, and it will become a deep and
indelible black, indestructible by either time or acids of any
description.
_Ink, Indestructible._--On many occasions it is of importance to employ
an ink indestructible by any process, that will not equally destroy the
material on which it is applied. For black ink, twenty-five grains of
copal, in powder, are to be dissolved in two hundred grains of oil of
lavender, by the assistance of a gentle heat, and are then to be mixed
with two and a half grains of lampblack and half a grain of indigo. This
ink is particularly useful for labelling phials, &c., containing
chemical, substances of a corrosive nature.
_Ink for Marking Linen with Type._--Dissolve one part of asphaltum in
four parts of oil of turpentine, and lamp-black or black-lead, in fine
powder, in sufficient quantity to render of proper consistency to print
with type.
_Ink Powder for Immediate Use._--Reduce to powder ten ounces of
gall-nuts, three ounces of green copperas, two ounces each of powdered
alum and gum arabic. Put a little of this mixture into white wine, and
it will be fit for immediate use.
_Ink Stains._--The moment the ink is spilled, take a little milk, and
saturate the stain, soak it up with a rag, and apply a little more milk,
rubbing it well in. In a few minutes the ink will be completely removed.
_Red Ink._--Take of the raspings of Brazil wood, quarter of a pound, and
infuse them two or three days in colorless vinegar. Boil the infusion
one hour and a half over a gentle fire, and afterward filter it while
hot, through paper laid in an earthenware cullender. Put it again over
the fire, and dissolve in it first half an ounce of gum arabic, and
afterward of alum and white sugar each half an ounce. Care should be
taken that the Brazil wood be not adulterated with the Braziletto or
campeachy wood.
_Transfer Ink._--Mastic in tears, four ounces; shellac, six oz.; Venice
turpentine, half an ounce; melt together; add wax, half a pound; tallow,
three ounces. When dissolved, further add hard tallow soap (in
shavings), three ounces; and when the whole is combined, add lampblack,
two ounces. Mix well, cool a little, and then pour it into molds. This
ink is rubbed down with a little water in a cup or saucer, in the same
way as water-color cakes. In winter, the operation should be performed
near the fire.
_Indian Glues._--Take one pound of the best glue, the stronger the
better, boil it and strain it very clear; boil also four ounces of
isinglass; put the mixture into a double glue pot, add half a pound of
brown sugar, and boil the whole until it gets thick; then pour it into
thin plates or molds, and when cold you may cut and dry them in small
pieces for the pocket. The glue is used by merely holding it over steam,
or wetting it with the mouth. This is a most useful and convenient
article, being much stronger than common glue. It is sold under the name
of Indian glue, but is much less expensive in making, and is applicable
to all kinds of small fractures, etc.; answers well on the hardest
woods, and cements china, etc., though, of course, it will not resist
the action of hot water. For parchment and paper, in lieu of gum or
paste, it will be found equally convenient.
_Japanese Cement._--Intimately mix the best powdered rice with a little
cold water, then gradually add boiling water until a proper consistence
is acquired, being particularly careful to keep it well stirred all the
time; lastly, it must be boiled for one minute in a clean saucepan or
earthern pipkin. This glue is beautifully white and almost transparent,
for which reason it is well adapted for fancy paper work, which requires
a strong and colorless cement.
_Liquid Blacking._--Mix a quarter of a pound of ivory-black, six gills
of vinegar, a tablespoonful of sweet oil, and two large spoonfuls of
molasses. Stir the whole well together, and it will then be fit for use.
_Liquid Glue._--Dissolve one part of powdered alum, one hundred and
twenty parts of water; add one hundred and twenty parts of glue, ten of
acetic acid, and forty of alcohol, and digest. Prepared glue is made by
dissolving common glue in warm water, and then adding acetic acid
(strong vinegar) to keep it. Dissolve one pound of best glue in one and
a half pints of water, and add one pint of vinegar. It is then ready for
use.
_Magic Copying Paper._--To make black paper, lampblack mixed with cold
lard; red paper, Venetian red mixed with lard; blue paper, Prussian blue
mixed with lard; green paper, Chrome green mixed with lard. The above
ingredients to be mixed to the consistency of thick paste, and to be
applied to the paper with a rag. Then take a flannel rag, and rub until
all color ceases coming off. Cut your sheets four inches wide and six
inches long; put four sheets together, one of each color, and sell for
twenty-five cents per package. The first cost will not exceed three
cents.
Directions for writing with this paper: Lay down your paper upon which
you wish to write; then lay on the copying paper, and over this lay any
scrap of paper you choose; then take any hard pointed substance and
write as you would with a pen.
_Mahogany Stain._--Break two ounces of dragon's blood in pieces, and put
them in a quart of rectified spirits of wine; let the bottle stand in a
warm place, and shake it frequently. When dissolved, it is fit for use,
and will render common wood an excellent imitation of mahogany.
_Marine Glue._--Dissolve four parts of India-rubber in thirty-four parts
of coal tar naptha, aiding the solution with heat and agitation. The
solution is then thick as cream, and it should be added to sixty-four
parts of powdered shellac, which must be heated in the mixture till all
is dissolved. While the mixture is hot it is poured on plates of metal,
in sheets like leather. It can be kept in that state, and when it is
required to be used, it is put into a pot and heated till it is soft,
and then applied with a brush to the surfaces to be joined. Two pieces
of wood joined with this cement can scarcely be sundered.
_Parchment._--Paper parchment may be produced by immersing paper in a
concentratic solution of chloride of zinc.
_Amalgam of Gold._--Place one part of gold in a small iron saucepan or
ladle, perfectly clean, then add 8 parts of mercury, and apply a gentle
heat, when the gold will dissolve; agitate the mixture for one minute,
and pour it out on a clean plate or stone slab.
For gilding brass, copper etc. The metal to be gilded is first rubbed
over with a solution of nitrate of mercury, and then covered with a very
thin film of the amalgam. On heat being applied the mercury volatilizes,
leaving the gold behind.
A much less proportion of gold is often employed than the above, where a
very thin and cheap gilding is required, as by increasing the quantity
of the mercury, the precious metal may be extended over a much larger
surface. A similar amalgam prepared with silver is used for silvering.
_Amalgam for Mirrors._--Lead and tin, each 1 oz; bismuth, 2 oz; mercury,
4 oz.; melt as before, and add the mercury. These are used to silver
mirrors, glass globes, etc., by warming the glass, melting the amalgam,
and applying it.
_Annealing Steel._--1. For a small quantity. Heat the steel to a cherry
red in a charcoal fire, then bury in sawdust, in an iron box, covering
the sawdust with ashes. Let stay until cold.--2. For a larger quantity,
and when it is required to be very "soft." Pack the steel with cast iron
(lathe or planer) chips in an iron box, as follows: Having at least ½ or
¾ inch in depth of chips in the bottom of the box, put in a layer of
steel, then more chips to fill spaces between the steel, and also the ½
or ¾ inch space between the sides of box and steel, then more steel; and
lastly, at least 1 inch in depth of chips, well rammed down on top of
steel. Heat to and keep at a red heat for from two to four hours. Do not
disturb the box until cold.
_To make Bell Metal._--1. Melt together under powdered charcoal, 100
parts of pure copper, with 20 parts of tin, and unite the two metals by
frequently stirring the mass. Product very fine.--2. Copper 3 parts; tin
1 part; as above. Some of the finest church bells in the world have this
composition.--3. Copper 2 parts: tin 1 part; as above.--4. Copper 72
parts; tin 26½ parts; iron 1½ parts. The bells of small clocks or
pendules are made of this alloy in Paris.
_Brass to Make._ 1. _Fine Brass._--2 parts of copper to 1 part of zinc.
This is nearly one equivalent each of copper and zinc, if the equivalent
of the former metal be taken at 63-2; or 2 equivalents of copper to 1
equivalent of zine, if it be taken with Liebig and Berzelius, at 31-6.
2. Copper 4 parts, zinc 1 part. An excellent and very useful brass.
_Cleansing Solution for Brass._--Put together two ounces sulphuric acid,
an ounce and a half nitric acid, one dram saltpetre and two ounces rain
water. Let stand for a few hours, and apply by passing the article in
and out quickly, and then washing off thoroughly with clean rain water.
Old, discolored brass chains treated in this way will look equally as
well as when new. The usual method of drying as in sawdust.
_To Cover Brass with beautiful Luster Colors._--One ounce of cream of
tartar is dissolved in one quart of hot water, to which is added half an
ounce of tin salt (protochloride of tin) dissolved in four ounces of
cold water. The whole is then heated to boiling, the clear solution
decanted from a trifling precipitate, and poured under continual
stirring into a solution of three ounces hyposulphite of soda in
one-half a pint of water, whereupon it is again heated to boiling, and
filtered from the separated sulphur. This solution produces on brass the
various luster-colors, depending on the length of time during which the
articles are allowed to remain in it. The colors at first will be light
to dark, gold yellow, passing through all the tints of red to an
irridescent brown. A similar series of colors is produced by sulphide of
copper and lead, which, however, are not remarkable for their stability;
whether this defect will be obviated by the use of the tin solution,
experience and time alone can show.
_Bronzing Gun-Barrels._--The so-called butter of zinc used for bronzing
gun-barrels is made by dissolving zinc in hydrochloric acid till no more
free acid is left; which is secured by placing zinc in the acid until it
ceases to be dissolved. The liquid is then evaporated until a drop taken
out and placed on a piece of glass solidifies in cooling, when it is
mixed with 2 parts of olive oil for every three parts of the liquid. The
barrels must be cleansed and warmed before applying the so-called
butter, which put on with a piece of linen rag.
_Bronzing Fluid._--For brown: Iron filings, or scales, 1 lb.; arsenic, 1
oz.; hydrochloric acid, 1 lb.; metallic zinc, 1 oz. The article to be
bronzed is to be dipped in this solution till the desired effect be
produced.
_Bronze, Green._--Acetic acid, diluted, 4 lbs; green veriter, 2 oz.;
muriate of ammonia, 1 oz.; common salt, 2 oz.; alum, ½ oz.; French
berries, ½ lb.; boil them together till the berries have yielded their
color, and strain. Olive bronze, for brass or copper.--Nitric acid, 1
oz.; hydrochloric acid, 2 oz.; titanium or palladium, as much as will
dissolve, and add three pints of distilled water.
_To Soften Cast-Iron, for Drilling._--Heat to a cherry red, having it
lie level in the fire, then with a pair of cold tongs put on a piece of
brimstone, a little less in size than you wish the hole to be when
drilled, and it softens entirely through the piece; let it lie in the
fire until a little cool, when it is ready to drill.
_To Weld Cast-Iron._--Take of good clear white sand, three parts;
refined solton, one part; fosterine, one part; rock-salt, one part; mix
all together. Take 2 pieces of cast-iron, heat them in a moderate
charcoal-fire, occasionally taking them out while heating, and dipping
them into the composition, until they are of a proper heat to weld; then
at once lay them on the anvil, and gently hammer them together, and, if
done carefully by one who understands welding iron, you will have them
nicely welded together. One man prefers heating the metal, then cooling
it in the water of common beans, and heat it again for welding.
_To recut old Files and Rasps._--Dissolve 4 oz. of saleratus in 1 quart
of water, and boil the files in it for half an hour; then remove, wash
and dry them. Now have ready, in a glass or stoneware vessel, 1 quart of
rain water, into which you have slowly added 4 oz. of best sulphuric
acid, and keep the proportions for any amount used. Immerse the files in
this preparation for from six to twelve hours, according to fineness or
coarseness of the files; then remove, wash them clean, dry quickly, and
put a little sweet oil on them to cover the surface. If the files are
coarse, they will need to remain in about twelve hours, but for fine
files six to eight hours is sufficient. This plan is applicable to
blacksmiths', gunsmiths', tinners', coppersmiths' and machinists' files.
Copper and tin workers will only require a short time to take the
articles out of their files, as the soft metals with which they become
filled are soon dissolved. Blacksmiths' and saw-mill files require full
time. Files may be recut three times by this process. The liquid may be
used at different times if required. Keep away from children, as it is
poisonous.
_Twist, Browning for Gun-Barrels._--Take spirits of nitre ¾ oz.;
tincture of steel, ¾ oz.: (if the tincture of steel cannot be obtained,
the unmedicated tincture of iron may be used, but it is not so good)
black brimstone, ¼ oz.; blue vitriol, ½ oz.; corrosive sublimate, ¼ oz.;
nitric acid, 1 dr. or 60 drops; copperas, ¼ oz.; mix with 1½ pts. of
rain water, keep corked, also, as the other, and the process of applying
is also the same.
_Gun Metal._--1. Melt together 112 lbs. of Bristol brass, 14 lbs. of
spelter, and 7 lbs. of block tin.--2. Melt together 9 parts of copper
and 1 part of tin; the above compounds are those used in the manufacture
of small and great brass guns, swivels, etc.
_Chinese Method of Mending Holes in Iron._--The Chinese mend holes in
cast-iron vessels as follows: They melt a small quantity of iron in a
crucible the size of a thimble, and pour the molten metal on a piece of
felt covered with wood-ashes. This is pressed inside the vessel against
the hole, and as it exudes on the other side it is struck by a small
roll of felt covered with ashes. The new iron then adheres to the old.
_Common Pewter._--Melt in a crucible 7 lbs. of tin, and when fused throw
in 1 lb. of lead, 6 oz. of copper and 2 oz. of zinc. This combination of
metal will form an alloy of great durability and tenacity; also of
considerable luster.
_Best Pewter._--The best sort of pewter consists of 100 parts of tin,
and 17 of regulus of antimony.
_Hard Pewter._--Melt together 12 lbs. of tin, 1 lb. of regulus of
antimony, and 4 oz. of copper.
_To Mend Broken Saws._--Pure silver, 19 parts: pure copper, 1 part: pure
brass, 2 parts; all are to be filed into powder and intimately mixed.
Place the saw level upon the anvil, the broken edges in close contact,
and hold them so: now put a small line of the mixture along the seam,
covering it with a large bulk of powdered charcoal; now with a spirit
lamp and a jeweler's blow-pipe, hold the coal-dust in place, and blow
sufficient to melt the solder mixture: then with a hammer set the joint
smooth, if not already so, and file away any superfluous solder; and you
will be surprised at its strength.
_Solder, to Adhere to Brass or Copper._--Prepare a soldering solution in
this way: Pour a small quantity of muriatic acid on some zinc filings,
so as to completely cover the zinc. Let it stand about an hour, and then
pour off the acid, to which add twice its amount of water. By first
wetting the brass or copper with this preparation, the solder will
readily adhere.
_Common Solder._--Put into a crucible 2 lbs. of lead, and when melted
throw in 1 lb. of tin. This alloy is that generally known by the name of
solder. When heated by a hot iron and applied to tinned iron with
powdered rosin, it acts as a cement or solder.
_Tempering Steel._--For tempering many kinds of tools, the steel is
first hardened by heating it to a cherry red, and plunging it into cold
water. Afterward the temper is drawn by moderately heating the steel
again. Different degrees of hardness are required for different
purposes, and the degree of heat for each of these, with the
corresponding color, will be found in the annexed table:
Very pale straw color, 430°--the temper required for lancets.
A shade of darker yellow, 450°--for razors and surgical instruments.
Darker straw-yellow, 470°--for penknives.
Still darker yellow, 490°--chisels for cutting iron.
A brown yellow, 500°--axes and plane-irons.
Yellow, slightly tinged with purple, 520°--table-knives and
watch-springs.
_Tempering Liquid._--1. To 6 quarts of soft water put in corrosive
sublimate, 1 oz.; common salt, 2 handfuls; when dissolved it is ready
for use. The first gives toughness to the steel, while the latter gives
the hardness. Be careful with this preparation, as it is a dangerous
poison.--2. Salt, ½ teacup; saltpetre, ½ oz.; alum, pulverized, 1
tea-spoon; soft water, 1 gallon; never heat over a cherry red, nor draw
any temper.--3. Saltpetre, sal-ammoniac, and alum, of each 2 oz.; salt,
1½ lbs.; water, 3 gallons, and draw no temper.--4. Saltpetre and alum,
each 2 oz.; sal-ammoniac, ½ oz.; salt, 1½ lbs.; soft water, 2 gallons.
Heat to a cherry red, and plunge in, drawing no temper.
_Bayberry, or Myrtle Soap._--Dissolve two and a quarter pounds of white
potash in five quarts of water, then mix it with ten pounds of myrtle
wax, or bayberry tallow. Boil the whole over a slow fire till it turns
to soap, then add a teacup of cold water; let it boil ten minutes
longer; at the end of that time turn it into tin molds or pans, and let
them remain a week or ten days to dry; then turn them out of the molds.
If you wish to have the soap scented, stir into it an essential oil
that has an agreeable smell, just before you turn it into the molds.
This kind of soap is excellent for shaving, and for chapped hands: it is
also good for eruptions on the face. It will be fit for use in the
course of three or four weeks after it is made, but it is better for
being kept ten or twelve months.
_Chemical Soap_, (for taking Oil, Grease, etc., from Cloth).--Take five
pounds castile soap, cut fine; one pint alcohol; one pint soft water;
two ounces aquafortis; one and a half ounces lampblack; two ounces of
saltpetre; three ounces potash; one ounce of camphor; and four ounces of
cinnamon, in powder. First dissolve the soap, potash and saltpetre, by
boiling; then add all the other articles, and continue to stir until it
cools; then pour into a box and let it stand twenty-four hours and cut
into cakes.
_Cold Soap._--Mix twenty-six pounds of melted and strained grease with
four pailfuls of ley, made of twenty pounds of white potash. Let the
whole stand in the sun, stirring it frequently. In the course of the
week, fill the barrel with weak ley.
_Genuine Erasive Soap._--Two pounds of good castile soap; half a pound
of carbonate of potash; dissolve in half a pint of hot water. Cut the
soap in thin slices, and boil the soap with the potash until it is thick
enough to mould in cakes; also add alcohol, half an ounce; camphor, half
an ounce; hartshorn, half an ounce; color with half an ounce of
pulverized charcoal.
_Hard White Soap._--To fifteen pounds of lard or suet, made boiling hot,
add slowly six gallons of hot ley, or solution of potash, that will bear
up an egg high enough to leave a piece big as a shilling bare. Take out
a little, and cool it. If no grease rise it is done. If any grease
appears, add ley, and boil till no grease rises. Add three quarts of
fine salt, and boil up again. If this does not harden well on cooling,
add more salt. If it is to be perfumed, melt it next day, add the
perfume, and run it in molds or cut in cakes.
_Labor-Saving Soap._--Take two pounds of sal-soda, two pounds of yellow
bar soap, and ten quarts of water. Cut the soap in thin slices, and boil
together for two hours; strain, and it will be fit for use. Put the
clothes in soak the night before you wash, and to every pail of water in
which you boil them, add a pound of soap. They will need no rubbing;
merely rinse them out, and they will be perfectly clean and white.
_To Make Good Soap._--To make matchless soap, take one gallon of soft
soap, to which add a gill of common salt, and boil an hour. When cold,
separate the ley from the crude. Add to the crude two pounds of
sal-soda, and boil in two gallons of soft water till dissolved. If you
wish it better, slice two pounds of common bar soap and dissolve in the
above. If the soft soap makes more than three pounds of crude, add in
proportion to the sal-soda and water.
_To Make Hard Soap from Soft._--Take seven pounds of good soft soap;
four pounds sal-soda; two ounces borax; one ounce hartshorn; half a
pound of resin; to be dissolved in twenty-two quarts of water, and
boiled about twenty minutes.
_Whale Oil Soap_ (for the destruction of Insects.)--Render common ley
caustic, by boiling it at full strength on quicklime; then take the ley
and boil it with as much whale oil foot as it will saponify (change to
soap), pour off into molds, and, when cold, it is tolerably hard. Whale
oil foot is the sediment produced in refining whale oil, and is worth
two dollars per barrel.
_Soluble Glass._--Mix ten parts of carbonate of potash, fifteen parts of
powdered quartz, and one pound of charcoal. Fuse well together. The mass
is soluble in four or five parts of boiling water, and the filtered
solution, evaporated to dryness, yields a transparent glass, permanent
in the air.
_To Make Eggs of Pharaoh's Serpents._--Take mercury and dissolve it in
moderately diluted nitric acid by means of heat, taking care, however,
that there be always an excess of metallic mercury remaining; decant the
solution and pour it into a solution of sulpho-cyanide of ammonium or
potassium, which may be bought at a good drug store, or of a dealer in
chemicals. Equal weights of both will answer. A precipitate will fall to
the bottom of the beaker or jar, which is to be collected on a filter
and washed two or three times with water, when it is put in a warm place
to dry. Take for every pound of this material one ounce of gum
tragacanth which has been soaked in hot water. When the gum is
completely softened it is to be transferred to a mortar, and the
pulverized and dried precipitate gradually mixed with it by means of a
little water, so as to present a somewhat dry pill mass, from which by
hand pellets of the desired size are formed, put on a piece of glass,
and dried again; they are then ready for use.
_Tracing Paper._--In order to prepare a beautiful transparent, colorless
paper, it is best to employ the varnish formed with Demarara resin in
the following way: The sheets intended for this purpose are laid flat on
each other, and the varnish spread over the uppermost sheet with a
brush, until the paper appears perfectly colorless, without, however,
the liquid thereon being visible. The first sheet is then removed, hung
up for drying, and the second treated in the same manner. After being
dried, this paper is capable of being written on, either with chalk or
pencil, or steel pens. It preserves its colorless transparency without
becoming yellow, as is frequently the case with that prepared in any
other way.
_Unsurpassable Blacking._--Put one gallon of vinegar into a stone jug,
and one pound of ivory-black well pulverized, half a pound of loaf
sugar, half an ounce of oil of vitriol, and seven ounces of sweet oil.
Incorporate the whole by stirring.
2. Take twelve ounces each of ivory-black and molasses; spermaceti oil,
four ounces; and white wine vinegar, two quarts. Mix thoroughly. This
contains no vitriol, and therefore will not injure the leather. The
trouble of making it is very little, and it would be well to prepare it
for one's self, were it only to be assured that it is not injurious.
_Varnish for Iron Work._--To make a good black varnish for iron work,
take eight pounds of asphaltum and fuse it in an iron kettle; then add
five gallons of boiled linseed oil, one pound of litharge, half a pound
of sulphate of zinc (add these slowly, or it will fume over), and boil
them for about three hours. Now add one and a half pounds of dark gum
amber, and boil for two hours longer, or until the mass will become
quite thick when cool, after which it should be thinned with turpentine
to due consistency.
THE TOILET, PERFUMERY, ETC.
_Hair Restorers and Invigorators._--There are hundreds; Lyon's, Wood's,
Barry's, Bogle's, Jayne's, Storr's, Baker's, Driscol's, Phalon's,
Haskel's, Allen's, Spaulding's, etc. But, though all under different
names, are similar in principle, being vegetable oils dissolved in
alcohol, with the addition of spirit of soap, and an astringent
material, such as tincture of catechu, or infusion of bark. The best is
to dissolve one ounce of castor oil in one quart of 95 alcohol, and add
one ounce of tincture of cantharides, two ounces of tincture of catechu,
two ounces of lemon juice, two ounces of tincture of cinchona; and to
scent it, add oil of cinnamon, or oil of rosemary, or both.
_To Make the Hair Soft and Glossy._--Put one ounce of castor oil in one
pint of bay rum or alcohol, and color it with a little of the tincture
of alkanet root. Apply a little every morning.
_Instantaneous Hair Dye._--Take one drachm of nitrate of silver, and add
to it just sufficient rain water to dissolve it, _and no more_; then
take strong spirit of ammonia, and gradually pour on the solution of
silver, until it becomes as clear as water, (_the addition of the
ammonia at first makes it brown_); then wrap round the bottle two or
three covers of blue paper, to exclude the light--otherwise it will
spoil. Having made this, obtain two drachms of gallic acid; put this
into another bottle which will contain one-half pint; pour upon it hot
water, and let it stand until cold--when it is fit for use.
_Directions to Dye the Hair._--First wash the head, beard, or moustaches
with soap and water; afterwards with clean water. Dry, and apply the
gallic acid solution, with a clean brush. When it is almost dry, take a
small tooth comb, and with a fine brush, put on the teeth of the comb a
little of the silver solution, and comb it through the hair, when it
will become a brilliant jet black. Wait a few hours; then wash the head
again with clean water. If you want to make a brown dye, add double or
treble the quantity of water to the silver solution, and you can obtain
any shade of color you choose.
_To Prevent Gray Hair._--When the hair begins to change color, the use
of the following pomade has a beneficial effect in preventing the
disease extending, and has the character of even restoring the color of
the hair in many instances: Lard, 4 ounces: spermaceti, 4 drachms: oxide
of bismuth, 4 drachms. Melt the lard and spermaceti together, and when
getting cold stir in the bismuth; to this can be added any kind of
perfume, according to choice. It should be used whenever the hair
requires dressing. It must not be imagined that any good effect speedily
results; it is, in general, a long time taking place, the change being
very gradual.
_Liquid Rouge for the Complexion._--Four ounces of alcohol, two ounces
of water, twenty grains of carmine; twenty grains of ammonia, six grains
of oxalic acid, six grains of alum--mix.
_Vinegar Rouge._--Cochineal, three drachms; carmine lake, three drachms;
alcohol, six drachms; mix, and then put into one pint of vinegar,
perfumed with lavender; let it stand a fortnight, then strain for use.
_Pearl Powder for Complexion._--Take white bismuth, one pound; starch
powder, one ounce; orris powder, one ounce. Mix and sift through lawn.
Add a drop of otto of roses or neroli.
_Pearl Water for the Complexion._--Castile soap, one pound; water, one
gallon. Dissolve, then add alcohol, one quart; oil of rosemary and oil
of lavender, each two drachms. Mix well.
_Complexion Pomatum._--Mutton grease, one pound; oxide of bismuth, four
ounces; powdered French chalk, two ounces; mix.
_Feuchtwanger's Tooth Paste._--Powdered myrrh, two ounces; burnt alum,
one ounce; cream tartar, one ounce; cuttlefish bone, four ounces: drop
lake, two ounces; honey, half a gallon; mix.
_Spanish Vermilion for the Toilette._--Take an alkine solution of
bastard saffron, and precipitate the color with lemon juice; mix the
precipitate with a sufficient quantity of finely powdered French chalk
and lemon juice, then add a little perfume.
_Fine Tooth Powder._--Powdered orris root, one ounce; peruvian bark, one
ounce; prepared chalk, one ounce; myrrh, one-half ounce.
_To Make Brown Teeth White._--Apply carefully over the teeth, a stick
dipped in strong acetic or nitric acid, and immediately wash out the
mouth with cold water. To make the teeth even, if irregular, draw a
piece of fine cord betwixt them.
_Superior Cologne Water._--Alcohol, one gallon: add oil of cloves,
lemon, nutmeg and bergamot, each one drachm; oil neroli, three and a
half drachms; seven drops of oils of rosemary, lavender and cassia; half
a pint of spirits of nitre; half a pint of elder-flower water. Let it
stand a day or two, then take a cullender and at the bottom lay a piece
of white cloth, and fill it up, one-fourth of white sand, and filter
through it.
_Smelling Salts._--Super carbonate of ammonia, eight parts; put it in
coarse powder into a bottle, and pour out lavender oil one part.
_Oil of Roses--for the Hair._--Olive oil, two pints: otto of roses, one
drachm; oil of rosemary, one drachm; mix. It may be colored by steeping
a little alkanet root in the oil (by heat) before scenting it.
_Arnica Hair Wash._--When the hair is falling off and becoming thin,
from the too frequent use of castor, Macassar oils, &c., or when
premature baldness arises from illness, the arnica hair wash will be
found of great service in arresting the mischief. It is thus prepared:
take elder water, half a pint; sherry wine, half a pint; tincture of
arnica, half an ounce; alcoholic ammonia, 1 drachm--if this last named
ingredient is old, and has lost its strength, then two drachms instead
of one may be employed. The whole of these are to be mixed in a lotion
bottle, and applied every night to the head with a sponge. Wash the head
with warm water twice a week. Soft brushes only must be used during the
growth of the young hair.
_Ammoniacal Pomatum for Promoting the Growth of Hair._--Take almond oil,
quarter of a pound; white wax, half an ounce; clarified lard, three
ounces; liquid ammonia, a quarter fluid ounce; otto of lavender, and
cloves, of each one drachm. Place the oil, wax and lard in a jar, which
set in boiling water; when the wax is melted, allow the grease to cool
till nearly ready to set, then stir in the ammonia and the perfume, and
put into small jars for use. Never use a hard brush, nor comb the hair
too much. Apply the pomade at night only.
_Bandoline for the Hair._--This mixture is best made a little at a time.
Pour a tablespoonful of boiling water on a dozen quince seeds, and
repeat when fresh is required.
_Artificial Bear's Grease._--Bear's grease is imitated by a mixture of
prepared veal suet and beef marrow. It may be scented at pleasure. The
following are some of the best compounds sold by that name:
1. Prepared suets, 3 ounces; lard, 1 ounce; olive oil, 1 ounce; oil of
cloves, 10 drops; compound tincture of benzoin, 1 drachm. Mix.
2. Lard, 1 pound; solution of carbonate of potash, 2 ounces. Mix.
3. Olive oil, 3 pints; white wax, 3 ounces; spermaceti, 1 ounce; scent
with oil of roses and oil of bitter almonds.
_Bears' Oil._--The best description of lard oil, properly perfumed, is
far preferable to any other kind of oil.
_Cosmetic Soap, for Washing the Hands._--Take a pound of castile soap,
or any other nice old soap; scrape it fine; put it on the fire with a
little water, stir it to a smooth paste; turn it into a bowl; or any
kind of essence; beat it with a silver spoon till well mixed; thicken it
with Indian meal, and keep it in small pots, closely covered; exposure
to the air will harden it.
_Cosmetic Wash for the Hair._--Red wine, one pound; salt, one drachm;
sulphate of iron, two drachms; boil for a few minutes, add common
verdigris, one drachm; leave it on the fire two minutes; withdraw it,
and add two drachms of powdered nutgall. Rub the hair with the liquid,
in a few minutes dry it with a warm cloth, and afterwards wash with
water.
_To Remove Dandruff._--Take a thimbleful of powdered refined borax, let
it dissolve in a teacupful of water, first brush the head well, then wet
a brush and apply it to the head. Do this every day for a week, and
twice a week for a few times, and you will effectually remove the
dandruff.
_To Make the Complexion Fair._--Take emulsion of bitter almonds, one
pint; oxymuriate of quicksilver, two and a half grains; sal ammonia, one
drachm. Use moderately for pimples, freckles, tanned complexions.
_Eau de Cologne--Cologne Water._--Oil of lavender, oil of bergamot, oil
of lemon, oil of neroli, each one ounce; oil of cinnamon, half an
ounce; spirit of rosemary, fifteen ounces; highly rectified spirits,
eight pints. Let them stand fourteen days; then distil in a water bath.
2. Essential oils of bergamot, lemon, neroli, orange-peel and rosemary,
each twelve drops; cardamon seeds, one drachm, rectified spirits, one
pint. It improves by age.
_Eau de Rosieres._--Spirits of roses, 4 pints; spirits of jessamine, one
pint; spirits of orange flowers, one pint; spirits of cucumber, two and
a quarter pints; spirits of celery seed, two and a quarter pints;
spirits of angelica root, two and three quarter pints; tincture of
benzoin, three quarters of a pint; balsam of Mecca, a few drops.
_Eau de Violettes._--Macerate five ounces of fine orris root in a quart
of rectified spirits, for some days, and filter.
_Esprit de Bouquet._--Oil of lavender, oil of cloves and oil of
bergamot, each two drachms; otto of rose, and oil of cinnamon, each,
twenty drops; essence of musk, one drachm; rectified spirits, one pint.
Mix.
_Essence of Ambergris._--Spirits of wine, half a pint; ambergris, 24
grains. Let it stand for three days in a warm place, and filter.
_Essence of Bergamot._--Spirits of wine, half a pint; bergamot-peel,
four ounces: as above.
_Essence of Cedrat._--Essence of bergamot, one ounce; essence of neroli,
two drachms.
_Essence of Cloves._--Spirits of wine, half a pint; bruised cloves, one
ounce.
_Essence for the Headache._--Spirits of wine, two pounds; roche alum, in
fine powder, two ounces; camphor, four ounces; essence of lemon, half an
ounce; strong water of ammonia, four ounces. Stop the bottle close, and
shake it daily, for three or four days.
_Essence of Lavender._--Essential oil of lavender, three and a half
ounces; rectified spirits, two quarts; rose water, half a pint; tincture
of orris, half a pint.
_Essence of Lemon._--Spirits of wine, half a pint; fresh lemon-peel,
four ounces.
_Essence of Musk._--Take one pint proof spirit, and add two drachms
musk. Let it stand a fortnight, with frequent agitation.
_Essence of Neroli._--Spirits of wine, half a pint; orange-peel, cut
small, three ounces; orris root in powder, one drachm; musk, two
grains.
_Essence for Smelling Bottles._--Oil of lavender and essence of
bergamot, each one drachm; oil of orange-peel, eight drops; oil of
cinnamon, four drops; oil of neroli, two drops; alcohol and strongest
water of ammonia, each two ounces.
_Essence of Verbena Leaf._--Take rectified spirits of wine, half a pint;
otto of verbena, half a drachm; otto of bergamot, one drachm; tincture
of tolu, quarter of an ounce. Mix them together, and it is ready for
use. This sweet scent does not stain the handkerchief and is very
economical.
_Essence of Violets._--Spirits of wine, half a pint; orris root, one
ounce. Other essences in the same manner.
_Eye Water._--Take one pint of rose water, and add one teaspoonful each
of spirits of camphor and laudanum. Mix and bottle. To be shaken and
applied to the eyes as often as necessary. Perfectly harmless.
_Honey Water._--Rectified spirits, eight pints; oil of cloves, oil of
lavender, oil of bergamot, each half an ounce; musk, eight grains;
yellow sandus shavings, four ounces; digest for eight days and add two
pints each of orange flower and rose water.
_Lavender Water._--Oil of lavender, four ounces; spirit, three quarts;
rose water, one pint. Mix and filter.
_Lisbon Water._--To rectified spirit, one gallon, add essential oils of
orange-peel and lemon-peel, of each three ounces, and otto of roses, one
quarter of an ounce.
_Odoriferous Lavender Water._--Rectified spirit, five gallons; essential
oil of lavender, twenty ounces; oil of bergamot, five ounces; essence of
ambergris, half an ounce.
2. Oil of lavender, three drachms; oil of bergamot, twenty drops;
nerolic, six drops; otto of roses, six drops; essence of cedrat, eight
drops; essence of musk, twenty drops; rectified spirit, twenty-eight
fluid ounces; distilled water, four ounces.
_Queen of Hungary's Water._--Spirit of rosemary, four pints; orange
flower water, one quarter of a pint; essence of neroli, four drops.
FACE PAINTS.
_Almond Bloom._--Boil one ounce of Brazil dust in three pints of
distilled water, and strain; add six drachms of isinglass, 2 drachms of
cochineal, one ounce of alum, and eight drachms of borax; boil again and
strain through a fine cloth.
_Fine Carmine._--(prepared from cochineal) is used alone, or deduced
with starch, &c. And also the coloring matter of safflower and other
vegetable colors, in the form of pink saucers, &c.
_Face Powder._--Starch, one pound; oxide of bismuth, four ounces.
_Face Whites._--French chalk is one of the most innocent; finely
powdered. White starch is also used.
_Rouge._--Mix vermillion with enough gum tragacanth dissolved in water
to form a thin paste; add a few drops of almond oil, place the mixture
in rouge pots, and dry by a very gentle heat.
_Turkish Rouge._--Take half pint alcohol and one ounce of alkanet;
macerate ten days and pour off the liquid, which should be bottled. This
is the simplest and one of the best articles of the kind.
_Caution._--White lead, and all cosmetic powders containing it should
never be applied to the skin, as it is the most dangerous article that
could be used.
_Mouth Pastiles, for Perfuming the Breath._--Extract of licorice, three
ounces; oil of cloves, one and a half drachms; oil of cinnamon, fifteen
drops. Mix, and divide into one-grain pills, and silver them.
2. Catechu, seven drachms; orris powder, forty grains; sugar, three
ounces; oil of rosemary, (or of clove, peppermint, or cinnamon,) four
drops. Mix, and roll flat on an oiled marble slab, and cut into very
small lozenges.
_Oil for the Hair._--A very excellent ready-made oil for the hair which
answers all common purposes, is made by mixing one part brandy with
three parts of sweet oil. Add any scent you prefer.
_Oil of Roses._--Fine olive oil, one pint; otto of roses, sixteen drops.
If required red, color with alkanet root, and strain before adding the
otto. For common sale essence of bergamot or of lemon is often
substituted, wholly or in part, for the expensive otto.
HUNTERS' AND TRAPPERS' SECRETS.
The following secret applies to _all_ animals, as every animal is
attracted by the peculiar odor in a greater or less degree; but it is
best adapted to land animals, such as Foxes, Minks, Sables, Martins,
Wolves, Bears, Wild Cats, &c., &c.
Take one half pound strained honey, one quarter drachm musk, three
drachms oil of lavender, and four pounds of tallow, mix the whole
thoroughly together, and make it into forty pills, or balls, and place
one of these pills under the pan of each trap when setting it.
The above preparation will most wonderfully attract all kinds of
animals, and trappers and others who use it will be sure of success.
_To Catch Foxes._--Take oil of amber, and beaver's oil, each equal
parts, and rub them over the trap before setting it. Set in the usual
way.
_To Catch Mink._--Take oil of amber, and beaver's oil, and rub over the
trap. Bait with fish or birds.
_To Catch Muskrat._--In the female muskrat near the vagina is a small
bag which holds from 30 to 40 drops. Now all the trapper has to do, is
to procure a few female muskrats and squeeze the contents of a bag into
a vial. Now, when in quest of muskrats, sprinkle a few drops of the
liquid on the bushes over and around the trap. This will attract the
male muskrats in large numbers, and if the traps are properly arranged,
large numbers of them may be taken.
In trapping Muskrats, steel traps should be used, and they should be
set in the paths and runs of the animal, where they come upon the banks,
and in every case the trap should be set under the water, and carefully
concealed; and care should be taken that it has sufficient length of
chain to enable the animals to reach the water after being caught,
otherwise they are liable to escape by tearing or gnawing off their
legs.
_To Catch Beaver._--In trapping for beaver, set the trap at the edge of
the water or dam, at the point where the animals pass from deep to shoal
water, and always beneath the surface, and fasten it by means of a stout
chain to a picket driven in the bank, or to a bush or tree. A flat stick
should be made fast to the trap by a cord a few feet long, which, if the
animal chanced to carry away the trap, would float on the water and
point out its position. The trap should then be baited with the
following preparation, called
"_The Beaver Medicine_."
This is prepared from a substance called castor, and is obtained from
the glandulous pouches of the _male_ animal.
The contents of five or six of these castor bags are mixed with a
nutmeg, twelve or fifteen cloves and thirty grains of cinnamon in fine
powder, and the whole well stirred together with as much whiskey as will
give it the consistency of mixed mustard. This preparation must be left
closely corked up, and in four or five days the odor becomes powerful;
and this medicine smeared upon the bits of wood, &c., with which the
traps are baited, will attract the beaver from a great distance, and
wishing to make a close inspection, the animal puts its legs into the
trap and is caught.
The same caution in regard to length of chain should be observed for
Beaver, as for Otters, Muskrats, &c., for unless they can reach the
water they are liable to get out of the trap and escape.
_Chinese Art of Catching Fish._--Take Cocculus Indicus, pulverize and
mix with dough, then scatter it broadcast over the water, as you would
sow seed. The fish will seize it with great avidity, and will instantly
become so intoxicated that they will turn belly up on top of the water,
by dozens, hundreds, or thousands, as the case may be. All that you now
have to do, is to have a boat, or other convenience to gather them up,
and as you gather put them in a tub of clean water and presently they
will be as lively and healthy as ever.
This means of taking fish, and the manner of doing it, has, heretofore,
been known to but few. The value of such knowledge admits of no
question. This manner of taking fish does not injure the flesh in the
least.
_Secret Art of Catching fish._--Put the oil of rhodium on the bait, when
fishing with the hook, and you will always succeed.
_To Catch Fish._--Take the juice of smallage or lovage, and mix with any
kind of bait. As long as there remain any kind of fish within many yards
of your hook, you will find yourself busy pulling them out.
_To Catch Abundance of Eels, Fish, &c._--Get over the water after dark,
with a light and a dead fish that has been smeared with the juice of
stinking glawdin--the fish will gather round you in large quantities,
and can easily be scooped up.
THE FINE ARTS AND SCIENCES.
_To Transfer Engravings to Plaster Casts._--Cover the plate with ink,
polish its surface in the usual way, then put a wall of paper round;
then pour on it some fine paste made with plaster of Paris. Jerk it to
drive out the air bubbles, and let it stand one hour, when you have a
fine impression.
_The New and Beautiful Art of Transferring on to Glass._--Colored or
plain Engravings, Photographs, Lithographs, Water Colors, Oil Colors,
Crayons, Steel Plates, Newspaper Cuts, Mezzotinto, Pencil, Writing, Show
Cards, Labels,--or in fact anything.
_Directions._--Take glass that is perfectly clear--window glass will
answer--clean it thoroughly; then varnish it, taking care to have it
perfectly smooth; place it where it will be entirely free from dust; let
it stand over night; then take your engraving, lay it in clear water
until it is wet through (say ten or fifteen minutes), then lay it upon a
newspaper, that the moisture may _dry from the surface_, and still keep
the other side damp. Immediately varnish your glass the _second_ time,
then place your engraving on it, pressing it down firmly, so as to
exclude every particle of air; next rub the paper from the back, until
it is of uniform thickness--so thin that you can see through it, then
varnish it the _third_ time, and let it dry.
_Materials Used for the Above Art._--Take two ounces balsam of fir, to
one ounce of spirits of turpentine; apply with a camel's hair brush.
_To Make Wax Flowers._--The following articles will be required to
commence wax work: 2 lbs. white wax, ¼ lb. hair wire, 1 bottle carmine,
1 ultramarine blue, 1 bottle chrome yellow, 2 bottles chrome green, No.
1; 2 bottles chrome green, No. 2; 1 bottle rose pink, 1 bottle royal
purple, 1 bottle scarlet powder, 1 bottle balsam fir, 2 dozen sheets
white wax. This will do to begin with. Now have a clean tin dish and
pour therein a quart or two of water; then put in about 1 lb. of the
white wax and let it boil; when cool enough, so the bubbles will not
form on top, it is ready to sheet, which is done as follows:--Take half
of a window pane, 7×9, and, after having washed it clean, dip into a
dish containing weak soap-suds; then dip into the wax and draw out
steadily and plunge it into the suds, when the sheet will readily come
off. Lay it on a cloth or clean paper to dry. Proceed in like manner
until you have enough of the white; then add enough of the green powder
to make a bright color, and heat and stir thoroughly until the color is
evenly distributed; then proceed as for sheeting white wax. The other
colors are rubbed into the leaves after they are cut out, rubbing light
or heavy according to shade.
For patterns you can use any natural leaf, forming the creases in wax
with the thumb nail or a needle; to put the flowers together or the
leaves on to the stem, hold in the hand until warm enough to stick. If
the sheeted wax is to be used in Summer, put in a little balsam of fir
to make it hard. If for Winter, none will be required.
You can make many flowers without a teacher; but one to assist, in the
commencement, would be a great help; though the most particular thing
about it is to get the wax sheeted. The materials I have suggested can
be procured at any drug store, and will cost from $3 to $4.50.
_How to Charm Those Whom You Meet and Love._--When you desire to make
any one "Love" you with whom you meet, although not personally
acquainted with him, you can very readily reach him and make his
acquaintance, if you observe the foregoing instructions, in addition to
the following directions: Suppose you see him coming towards you in an
unoccupied mood, or is recklessly, or passively walking past you, all
that remains for you to do at that moment is to concentrate your thought
and send it into him as before explained; and, to your astonishment, if
he was passive, he will look at you, and now is your time to send a
thrill to his heart, by looking him carelessly, though determinately,
into his eyes, and praying with all your heart, mind, soul and strength,
that he may read your thought, and receive your true Love, which God
designs we should bear one another. This accomplished, and you need not
and must not wait for a cold-hearted, fashionable, and popular Christian
introduction; neither should you hastily run into his arms, but continue
operating in this psychological manner; not losing any convenient
opportunity to meet him at an appropriate place, when an unembarrassed
exchange of words will open the door, to the one so magnetized. At this
interview, unless prudence sanction it, do not shake hands, but let your
manners and loving eyes speak with Christian charity and ease; wherever,
or whenever you meet again, at the first opportunity grasp his hand, in
an earnest, sincere and affectionate manner, observing at the same time,
the following important directions, viz.:--As you take his bare hand in
yours, press your thumb gently, though firmly, between the bones of the
thumb and forefinger of his hand, and at the very instant when you press
thus on the blood vessels, (which you can before ascertain to pulsate,)
look him earnestly and lovingly, though not pertly or fiercely, into his
eyes, and send all your heart's, mind's and soul's strength into his
organization, and he will be your friend, and if you find him not to be
congenial, you have him in your power, and by carefully guarding against
evil influences, you can reform him to suit your own purified,
Christian, and loving taste.
_Mesmerism._--If you desire to mesmerise a person, who has never been
put into that state, nor in the least affected, the plan is to set him
in an easy posture, and request him to be calm and resigned. Take him by
both hands, or else by one hand and place your other gently on his
forehead. But with whatever part of his body you choose to come in
contact, be sure to always touch two points, answering to the _positive_
and _negative_ forces. Having taken him by both hands, fix your eyes
upon his, and, if possible, let him contentedly and steadily look you in
the face. Remain in this position until his eyes close. Then place both
your hands on his head, gently pass them to his shoulders, down the
arms, and off at the ends of his fingers. Throw your hands outward as
you return them to his head, and continue these passes till he can hear
no voice but yours. He is then entirely in the mesmeric state. When a
person is in the mesmeric state, whether put there by yourself or some
one else, you can awake him by the upward passes: or else do it by an
impression, as follows: Tell him, "I will count _three_, and at the same
instant I say _three_, I will slap my hands together, and you will be
wide awake and in your perfect senses. Are you ready?" If he answers in
the affirmative, you will proceed to count "_one_, TWO, THREE!" The word
_three_ should be spoken suddenly, and in a very loud voice, and at the
same instant the palms of the hands should be smitten together. This
will instantly awake him.
_To Make Magic Photographs._--Take, in the first place, an ordinary
print--a card-picture, for instance--on albumen paper, beneath the
negative in the usual way, and, when sufficiently printed, let it be
carefully washed in the dark room, so as to remove all the free nitrate
of silver, etc. Now immerse it in the following solution, also in the
dark room: saturated solution bichloride of mercury (corrosive
sublimate), one ounce; hydrochloric acid, one drachm. The saturated
solution is previously prepared by putting into water more bichloride of
mercury than it will dissolve by shaking in about twelve hours. The
print will gradually be bleached in this liquid, in the ordinary meaning
of the word--that is, it will disappear; but the fact is, the print is
still there--its color alone is changed, a double salt having been
formed of mercury and silver, which is white, as many of our readers,
who have been in the habit of intensifying with a mercurial salt, are
aware. As soon as the print has quite disappeared, the paper is
thoroughly washed and dried in the dark room; it is also preserved
between folds of orange-colored paper, in order to keep it from the
action of light, for the surface is still in some measure sensitive to
light. The bleaching of the print--that is, its conversion into a white
salt--is effected more quickly by keeping it in motion in the mercurial
solution. As we said before, the print has not been bleached in
reality--the substance which originally formed it is still there,
together with a new substance, a salt of mercury. But the two salts of
silver and mercury may be easily brought out and made visible by several
solutions, such as sulphide of ammonium, solution of hydrosulphuric
acid; in fact, any of the soluble sulphides, ammonia and hyposulphite of
soda. The latter salt is used in preference to the others. Small pieces
of blotting-paper, therefore, of the same size as the prints, are cut
out and steeped in a saturated solution of hyposulphite of soda and then
dried. The magic photographs are packed as before stated, between folds
of orange-colored paper; the papers dipped in hyposulphite of soda are
the developers, and may be packed between two sheets of common
writing-paper. The development of the image is effected in the following
manner: place the albumen paper which contains the whitened print on a
pane of glass, print side upward; on this lay the dry piece of
blotting-paper that has been previously dipped in hyposulphite of soda.
Moisten the latter thoroughly, then place over it a pane of glass, and
upon this a weight, to bring the two pieces of paper into intimate
contact. In a very short time the picture will appear in all its
original detail, and of a sepia tone.
_Writing on the Arm._--The conjurer's explanation was a great lesson in
"spiritualism." I next asked him to elucidate the trick of writing on
the arm. On the occasion of my visit to Mr. Forster, when the raps
indicated the second pellet, he required the "spirit" present to write
the initials on his bare arm. Mr. Forster placed his arm under the table
for a moment, then rested it in front of a lamp burning on the table,
and quickly rolled up the sleeve of his coat. The skin was without stain
or mark. He passed his hand over it once or twice, and the initials of
the names I had written on the second pellet seemed to grow on the arm
in letters of crimson. "It's a trick I do every night. It goes with the
audience like steam," said the conjurer. "Very simple. Well, suppose a
name. What name would you like?" "Henry Clay," I replied. Down went the
conjurer's arm under the table. In a few seconds he raised it and
exposed the bare forearm without mark upon it. He doubled up his fist
tightly so as to bring the muscles of the arm to the surface, and rubbed
the skin smartly with his open hand. The letters "H. C." soon appeared
upon it in well-defined writing of a deep red color. "There you have it,
gentlemen; that's the blood-red writing. Very simple. All you have to do
is take a lucifer match, and write on your arm with the wrong end of it.
If you moisten the skin with a little salt water first, all the better.
Then wet the palm of the other hand, rub your arm with it. Send up the
muscles and the blood-red writing will come out. It will fade away in
less than no time. If you look under the table, you will see that I have
a little piece of pointed wood. I can move my arm under that and write
the letters without using the other hand. But that's a trick which wants
practice."
_Electrical Psychology._--The most easy and direct mode to produce
electro psychological communication is to take the individual by the
hand, in the same manner as though you were going to shake hands. Press
your thumb on the _Ulnar nerve_, which spreads its branches to the ring
and little finger, an inch above the knuckle, and in range of the ring
finger. Lay the ball of the thumb flat so as to cover the minute
branches of this nerve of motion and sensation. When you first take him
by the hand, request him to place his eyes upon yours, and to keep them
fixed, so that he may see every emotion of your mind expressed in the
countenance. Continue this pressure for a half a minute or more. Then
request him to close his eyes, and with your fingers gently brush
downward several times over the eyelids. Throughout the whole process
feel within yourself a fixed determination to close them, so as to
express that determination fully in your countenance and manner. Then
place your hand on the top of his head and press your thumb firmly on
the organ of Individuality, bearing partially downward, and with the
other thumb still pressing the ulnar nerve, tell him--_you can not open
your eyes!_ Remember, that your manner, your expression of countenance,
your motions, and your language must all be of the most positive
character. If he succeed in opening his eyes, try it once or twice more,
because impressions, whether physical or mental, continue to deepen by
repetition. In case, however, that you cannot close his eyes, nor see
any effect produced upon them, you should cease making any further
efforts, because you have now fairly tested that his mind and body both
stand in a positive relation as it regards the doctrine of impressions.
If you succeed in closing the subject's eyes by the above mode, you may
then request him to put his hands on his head, or in any other position
you choose, and tell him, _you can not stir_ them! In case you succeed,
request him to be seated, and tell him, _you can not rise!_ If you are
successful in this, request him to put his hands in motion, and tell
him, _you can not stop them!_ If you succeed, request him to walk the
floor, and tell him, _you can not cease walking!_ And so you may
continue to perform experiments involving muscular motion and paralysis
of any kind that may occur to your mind, till you can completely control
him, in arresting or moving all the voluntary parts of his system.
_How to Make Persons at a Distance Think of You._--Let it be
particularly remembered that "Faith" and concentration of thought are
positively needful to accomplish aught in drawing others to you or
making them think of you. If you have not the capacity or understanding
how to operate an electric telegraph battery, it is no proof that an
expert and competent person should fail doing so; just so in this case;
if faith, meditation, or concentration of thought fail you, then will
you also fail to operate upon others. First, you must have an yearning
for the person you wish to make think of you; and secondly, you must
learn to guess at what time of day or night he may be unemployed,
passive, so that he be in a proper state to receive the thought which
you dispatch to him. If he should be occupied in any way, so that his
nervous forces were needed to complete his task, his "Human Battery," or
thought, would not be in a recipient or passive condition, therefore
your experiment would fail at that moment. Or if he were under heavy
narcotics, liquors, tobacco, or gluttonous influences, he could not be
reached at such moments. Or, if he were asleep, and you operated to
affect a wakeful mind or thought, you would fail again at the moment. To
make a person at a distance think of you, whether you are acquainted
with him or not, matters not; I again repeat, find out or guess at what
moment he is likely to be passive; by this I mean easy and careless:
then, with the most fervent prayer, or yearning of your entire heart,
mind, soul and strength, desire he may think of you; and if you wish him
to think on any particular topic in relation to you, it is necessary for
you to press your hands, when operating on him, on such mental faculties
of your head as you wish him to exercise towards you. This demands a
meagre knowledge of Phrenology. His "Feeling Nature," or "Propensities,"
you cannot reach through these operations, but when he once thinks of
you, (if he does not know you he imagines such a being as you are,) he
can easily afterwards be controlled by you, and he will feel disposed to
go in the direction where you are, if circumstances permit, and he is
his own master, for, remember, circumstances alter cases. I said, you
cannot reach his "Feeling," but only his "Thinking Nature," truly, but
after he thinks of you once, his "Feeling Nature," or propensities, may
become aroused through his own organization. In conclusion on this
topic, let me say, that if you wish the person simply to think of you,
one operation may answer; but on the contrary, if you wish him to meet
you, or go where you are, all you have to do is to persevere in a lawful
and Christian manner to operate, and I assure you, in the course of all
natural things, that is, if no accident or very unfavorable
circumstances occur, he will make his way towards you, and when he comes
within sight, or reaching distance of you, it will be easy to manage
him.
_How to Make Large Noses Small._--Dr. Cid, an inventive surgeon of
Paris, noticed that elderly people, who for a long time have worn
eyeglasses supported on the nose by a spring, are apt to have this organ
long and thin. This he attributes to the compression which the spring
exerts on the arteries by which the nose is nourished. The idea occurred
to him that the hint could be made useful. Not long afterward, a young
lady of fifteen years consulted him, to see if he could restore to
moderate dimensions her nose, which was large, fleshy, and unsightly.
The trait, he found, was hereditary in her family, as her mother and
sister were similarly afflicted. This was discouraging, as hereditary
peculiarities are particularly obstinate. But the doctor determined to
try his method; he took exact measurements, and had constructed for her
a "lunette pince-nez"--a spring and pad for compressing the
artery--which she wore at night and whenever she could conveniently in
daytime. In three weeks a consolatory diminution was evident, and in
three months the young lady was quite satisfied with the improvement in
her features.
_Jockey Tricks._--_How to make a horse appear as though he was badly
Foundered._--Take a fine wire and fasten it tight around the fetlock,
between the foot and the heel, and smooth the hair over it. In twenty
minutes the horse will show lameness.--Do not leave it on over nine
hours.--_To make a horse lame._--Take a single hair from his tail, put
it through the eye of a needle, then lift the front leg, and press the
skin between the outer and the middle tendon or cord, and shove the
needle through, cut off the hair each side and let the foot down; the
horse will go lame in twenty minutes.--_How to make a horse stand by his
food and not take it._--Grease the front teeth and the roof of the mouth
with common beef tallow, and he will not eat until you wash it out; this
in conjunction with the above will consummate a complete founder.--_How
to cure a horse from the crib or sucking wind._--Saw between the upper
teeth to the gums.--_How to put a young countenance on a horse._--Make a
small incision in the sunken place over the eye, insert the point of a
goose quill and blow it up; close the external wound with thread and it
is done.--_To cover up the heaves._--Drench the horse with one-fourth
pound of common bird shot, and he will not heave until they pass through
him.--_To make a horse appear as if he had the glanders._--Melt four
ounces of fresh butter and pour it into his ear.--_To distinguish
between distemper and glanders._--The discharge from the nose in
glanders will sink in water; in distemper it floats.--_How to make a
true pulling horse baulk._--Take tincture of cantharides one ounce, and
corrosive sublimate one drachm; mix, and bathe his shoulder at
night.--_How to nerve a horse that is lame._--Make a small incision
about half way from the knee to the joint on the outside of the leg, and
at the back part of the shin bone you will find a small white tendon or
cord, cut it off and close the external wound with a stitch, and he will
walk off on the hardest pavement and not limp a particle.
_To Bore Holes in Glass._--Any hard steel tool will cut glass with great
facility when kept freely wet with camphor dissolved in turpentine. A
drill-bow may be used, or even the hand alone. A hole bored may be
readily enlarged by a round file. The ragged edges of glass vessels may
also be thus easily smoothed by a flat file. Flat window glass can
readily be sawed by a watch spring saw by aid of this solution. In
short, the most brittle glass can be wrought almost as easily as brass
by the use of cutting tools kept constantly moist with camphorized oil
of turpentine.
_To Etch upon Glass._--Procure several thick, clear pieces of crown
glass, and immerse them in melted wax, so that each may receive a
complete coating, or pour over them a solution of wax in benzine. When
perfectly cold draw on them, with a fine steel point, flowers, trees,
houses, portraits, etc. Whatever parts of the drawing are intended to be
corroded with the acid, should be perfectly free from the least particle
of wax. When all these drawings are finished the pieces of glass must be
immersed one by one in a square leaden box or receiver, where they are
to be submitted to the action of hydrofluoric acid gas, made by acting
on powdered fluor-spar by concentrated sulphuric acid.
FARMERS' DEPARTMENT.
_How to get New Varieties of Potatoes._--When the vines are done growing
and are turned brown; the seed is ripe: then take the balls and string
with a large needle and strong thread; hang them in a dry place where
they will gradually dry and mature, without danger or injury from frost.
In the month of April, soak the ball for several hours from the pulp;
when washed and dried, they are fit for sowing in rows, in a bed well
prepared in the garden; they will sprout in a fortnight; they must be
attended to like other vegetables. When about two inches high, they may
be thinned and transplanted into rows. As they increase in size, they
should be hilled. In the autumn many of them will be of the size of a
walnut, and from that to a pea. In the following spring they should be
planted in hills, placing the large ones together,--they will in the
second season attain their full size, and will exhibit several varieties
of form, and may then be selected to suit the judgment of the
cultivator. I would prefer gathering the balls from potatoes of a good
kind. The first crops from seeds thus obtained will be productive, and
will continue so for many years, gradually deteriorating, until they
will need a renewal by the process.
_To Destroy Rats._--Fill any deep smooth vessel of considerable capacity
to within six inches of the top with water, cover the surface with bran,
and set the vessel in a place most frequented by these pests. In
attempting to get at the bran they will fall in and be drowned. Several
dozen have been taken by this simple method at a time.
_To Kill Rats in Barn and Rick._--Melt hog's lard in a bottle plunged in
water of temperature of 150 degrees Fahrenheit: introduce into it half
an ounce of phosphorus for every pound of lard; then add a pint of proof
spirits or whiskey; cork the bottle firmly after its contents have been
to 150 degrees, taking it out of the water and agitating till the
phosphorus becomes uniformly diffused, making a milky looking fluid. The
spirit may be poured off on the liquor cooling; and you then have a
fatty compound, which, after being warmed gently, may be incorporated
with a mixture of wheat flour, or sugar, flavored with oil of rhodium,
or oil of anise-seed, etc., and the dough, on being made into pellets,
should be laid at the rat holes; being luminous in the dark, and
agreeable both to the palates and noses, it is readily eaten, and proves
certainly fatal. The rats issue from their holes and seek for water to
quench their burning thirst, and they commonly die near the water.
_Rat Poison._--Flour, six pounds; sugar, one pound; sulphur, four
pounds; phosphorus, four pounds.
_To Banish and Prevent Mosquitoes from Biting._--Dilute a little of the
oil of thyme with sweet oil, and dip pieces of paper in it. Hang in your
room, or rub a little on the hands and face when going to bed.
_To Keep Milk Sweet in the Hottest Weather._--Put a spoonful of
horse-radish in a pan of milk; this will keep it sweet for several days
longer than without.
RECIPES FOR HORSES.
_Blistering Liniment._--Powdered Spanish flies, one ounce; spirits
turpentine, six ounces. Rub on the belly for pain in the bowels, or on
the surface for internal inflammation.
_Cathartic Powder._--To cleanse out horses in the spring, making them
sleek and healthy; black sulphuret of antimony, nitre, and sulphur, each
equal parts. Mix well together, and give a tablespoonful every morning.
_Cough Ball for Horses._--Pulverized ipecac, three-quarters of an ounce;
camphor, two ounces; squills, half an ounce. Mix with honey to form into
mass, and divide into eight balls. Give one every morning.
_Diuretic Balls._--Castile soap scraped fine, powdered resin, each three
teaspoonfuls; powdered nitre, four teaspoonfuls; oil of juniper, one
small teaspoonful; honey, a sufficient quantity to make into a ball.
_To prevent Horses being Teased by Flies._--Boil three handfuls of
walnut leaves in three quarts of water; sponge the horse (before going
out of the stable) between and upon the ears, neck and flank.
_To Prevent Botts._--Mix a little wood-ashes with their drink daily.
This effectually preserves horses against the botts.
_Liniment for Galled Backs of Horses._--White lead moistened with milk.
When milk cannot be procured, oil may be substituted. One or two ounces
will last two months or more.
_Remedy for Strains in Horses._--Take whiskey, one half pint: camphor,
one ounce; sharp vinegar, one pint. Mix. Bathe the parts affected.
_Another._--Take opodeldoc, warm it, and rub the strained part two or
three times a day.
_Lotion for Blows, Bruises, Sprains, etc._--One part laudanum, two parts
oil origanum, four parts water ammonia, four parts oil of turpentine,
four parts camphor, thirty-two parts spirits of wine. Put them into a
bottle, and shake them until mixed.
_Fever Ball._--Emetic tartar and camphor, each half an ounce; nitre, two
ounces. Mix with linseed meal and molasses to make eight balls. Give one
twice a day.
_Liniment for Sprains, Swellings, etc._--Aqua ammonia, spirits camphor,
each, two ounces; oil origanum and laudanum, each, half an ounce. Mix.
_Lotion for Mange._--Boil two ounces tobacco in one quart water: strain;
add sulphur and soft soap, each, two ounces.
_Purgative Ball._--Aloes, one ounce; cream tartar and castile soap, one
quarter of an ounce. Mix with molasses to make a ball.
CONFECTIONERS' DEPARTMENT.
_Ginger Candy._--Boil a pound of clarified sugar until, upon taking a
drop of it on a piece of stick, it will become brittle when cold. Mix
and stir up with it, for a common article, about a teaspoonful of ground
ginger; if for a superior article, instead of the ground ginger add half
the white of an egg, beaten up previously with fine sifted loaf sugar,
and twenty drops of strong essence of ginger.
_Ginger Lozenges._--Dissolve in one-quarter of a pint of hot water half
an ounce of gum arabic; when cold, stir it up with one and a half pounds
of loaf sugar, and a spoonful of powdered ginger, or twelve drops of
essence of ginger. Roll and beat the whole up into a paste; make it into
a flat cake, and punch out the lozenges with a round stamp; dry them
near the fire, or in an oven.
_Peppermint Lozenges._--Best powdered white sugar, seven pounds; pure
starch, one pound; oil of peppermint to flavor. Mix with mucilage.
_Peppermint, Rose or Hoarhound Candy._--They may be made as lemon candy.
Flavor with essence of rose or peppermint or finely powdered hoarhound.
Pour it out in a buttered paper, placed in a square tin pan.
_To Clarify Sugar for Candies._--To every pound of sugar, put a large
cup of water, and put it in a brass or copper kettle, over a slow fire,
for half an hour; pour into it a small quantity of isinglass and gum
Arabic, dissolved together. This will cause all impurities to rise to
the surface; skim it as it rises. Flavor according to taste.
All kinds of sugar for candy, are boiled as above directed. When boiling
loaf sugar, add a tablespoonful of rum or vinegar, to prevent its
becoming too brittle whilst making.
Loaf sugar when boiled, by pulling and making into small rolls, and
twisting a little, will make what is called little rock, or snow. By
pulling loaf sugar after it is boiled, you can make it as white as snow.
_Common Twist Candy._--Boil three pounds of common sugar and one pint of
water over a slow fire for half an hour, without skimming. When boiled
enough take it off; rub the hands over with butter; take that which is a
little cooled, and pull it as you would molasses candy, until it is
white; then twist or braid it, and cut it up in strips.
_Fine Peppermint Lozenges._--Best powdered white sugar, 7 pounds; pure
starch, 1 pound; oil of peppermint to flavor. Mix with mucilage.
_Everton Taffee._--To make this favorite and wholesome candy, take 1½
pounds of moist sugar, 3 ounces of butter, a teacup and a half of water
and one lemon. Boil the sugar, butter, water, and half the rind of the
lemon together, and when done--which will be known by dropping into cold
water, when it should be quite crisp--let it stand aside till the
boiling has ceased, and then stir in the juice of the lemon. Butter a
dish, and pour it in about a quarter of an inch in thickness. The fire
must be quick, and the taffee stirred all the time.
_Candy Fruit._--Take 1 pound of the best loaf sugar; dip each lump into
a bowl of water, and put the sugar into your preserving kettle. Boil it
down and skim it until perfectly clear, and in a candying state. When
sufficiently boiled, have ready the fruits you wish to preserve. Large
white grapes, oranges separated into small pieces, or preserved fruits,
taken out of their syrup and dried, are very nice. Dip the fruits into
the prepared sugar while it is hot; put them in a cold place; they will
soon become hard.
_Popped Corn._--Dipped in boiling molasses and stuck together forms an
excellent candy.
_Molasses Candy._--Boil molasses over a moderately hot fire, stirring
constantly. When you think it is done, drop a little on a plate, and if
sufficiently boiled it will be hard. Add a small quantity of vinegar to
render it brittle and any flavoring ingredient you prefer. Pour in
buttered tin pans. If nuts are to be added strew them in the pans before
pouring out the candy.
_Liquorice Lozenges._--Extract of liquorice, 1 pound, powdered white
sugar, 2 pounds. Mix with mucilage made with rosewater.
_Fig Candy._--Take 1 pound of sugar and 1 pint of water, set over a slow
fire. When done, add a few drops of vinegar and a lump of butter, and
pour into pans in which split figs are laid.
_Puds in Candy._--Can be made in the same manner, substituting stoned
raisins for the figs. Common molasses candy is very nice with all kinds
of nuts added.
_Scotch Butter Candy._--Take 1 pound of sugar, 1 pint of water: dissolve
and boil. When done add 1 tablespoonful of butter, and enough lemon
juice and oil of lemon to flavor.
_Icing for Cakes._--Beat the whites of two small eggs to a high froth;
then add to them a quarter of a pound of white, ground, or powdered
sugar; beat it well until it will lie in a heap; flavor with lemon or
rose. This will frost the top of a common-sized cake. Heap what you
suppose to be sufficient in the centre of the cake, then dip a
broad-bladed knife in cold water, and spread the ice evenly over the
whole surface.
_Saffron Lozenges._--Finely powdered hay-saffron, 1 ounce; finely
powdered sugar, 1 pound; finely powdered starch, 8 ounces. Mucilage to
mix.
_Chocolate Cream._--Chocolate, scraped fine, ½ ounce; thick cream, 1
pint; sugar (best), 3 ounces; heat it nearly to boiling, then remove it
from the fire, and mill it well. When cold add the whites of four or
five eggs; whisk rapidly and take up the froth on a sieve; serve the
cream in glasses, and pile up the froth on the top of them.
_Candied Lemon or Peppermint for Colds._--Boil 1½ pounds sugar in a half
pint of water, till it begins to candy around the sides; put in 8 drops
of essence; pour it upon buttered paper, and cut it with a knife.
VALUABLE MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS, FOR THE HOUSEHOLD AND EVERY DAY
REQUIREMENTS.
_Alum in Starch._--For starching muslins, ginghams, and calicoes,
dissolve a piece of alum the size of a shellbark, for every pint of
starch, and add to it. By so doing the colors will keep bright for a
long time, which is very desirable when dresses must be often washed,
and the cost is but a trifle.
_Cider Yeast._--Take cider from sour apples before it ferments, scald,
skim thoroughly, and pour, while hot, upon flour enough to make a stiff
batter. When cool, add yeast of any kind, and let it rise, stirring it
down as often as it tries to run over for several days, then put it in a
cool place (where it will not freeze), and you will have something equal
to the best hop yeast. It will keep until May without any further labor.
_To Destroy Cockroaches._--The following is said to be effectual: These
vermin are easily destroyed, simply by cutting up green cucumbers at
night, and placing them about where roaches commit depredations. What is
cut from the cucumbers in preparing them for the table answers the
purpose as well, and three applications will destroy all the roaches in
the house. Remove the peelings in the morning, and renew them at night.
_Fire Kindlers._--Take a quart of tar and three pounds of resin, melt
them, bring to a cooling temperature, mix with as much sawdust, with a
little charcoal added, as can be worked in; spread out while hot upon a
board, when cold break up into lumps of the size of a large hickory nut,
and you have, at a small expense, kindling material enough for a
household for one year. They will easily ignite from a match and burn
with a strong blaze, long enough to start any wood that is fit to burn.
_Remedy against Moths._--An ounce of gum camphor and one of the powdered
shell of red pepper are macerated in eight ounces of strong alcohol for
several days, then strained. With this tincture the furs or cloths are
sprinkled over, and rolled up in sheets. Instead of the pepper, bitter
apple may be used. This remedy is used in Russia under the name of the
Chinese tincture for moths.
_Substitute for Yeast._--Boil one pound of flour, one quarter pound of
brown sugar and a little salt in two gallons of water for one hour. When
milk-warm, bottle and cork close, and it will be ready for use in
twenty-four hours.
_To make Ley._--Have a large tub or cask and bore a hole on one side for
a tap, near the bottom; place several bricks near the hole and cover
them with straw. Fill the barrel with strong wood ashes. Oak ashes are
strongest, and those of appletree wood make the whitest soap. Pour on
boiling water until it begins to run, then put in the tap and let it
soak. If the ashes settle down as they are wet, fill in until full.
_Tomato Wine._--Take ripe, fresh tomatoes, mash very fine, strain
through a fine sieve, sweeten with good sugar, to suit the taste, set it
away in an earthen or glass vessel, nearly full, cover tight, with
exception of a small hole for the refuse to work off through during its
fermentation. When it is done fermenting it will become pure and clear.
Then bottle, and cork tight. A little salt improves its flavor; age
improves it.
_To Color Brown on Cotton or Woolen._--For ten pounds of cloth boil
three pounds of catechu in as much water as needed to cover the goods.
When dissolved, add four ounces of blue vitriol; stir it well; put in
the cloth and let it remain all night; in the morning drain it
thoroughly; put four ounces of bi-chromate of potash in boiling water
sufficient to cover your goods; let it remain 15 minutes; wash in cold
water; color in iron.
_To Cleanse and Brighten Faded Brussels Carpet._--Boil some bran in
water and with this wash the carpet with a flannel and brush, using
fuller's earth for the worst parts. When dry, the carpet must be well
beaten to get out the fuller's earth, then washed over with a weak
solution of alum to brighten the colors. Some housekeepers cleanse and
brighten carpets by sprinkling them first with fine salt and then
sweeping them thoroughly.
_To give Stoves a Fine, Brilliant Appearance._--A teaspoonful of
pulverized alum mixed with stove polish will give a stove a fine luster,
which will be quite permanent.
_Method of Keeping Hams in Summer._--Make bags of unbleached muslin;
place in the bottom a little good sweet hay; put in the ham, and then
press around and over it firmly more hay; tie the bag and hang up in a
dry place. Ham secured in this way will keep for years.
_How to Cause Vegetables and Fruits to Grow to an Enormous Size and also
to Increase the Brilliancy and Fragrancy of Flowers._--A curious
discovery has recently been made public in France, in regard to the
culture of vegetable and fruit trees. By watering with a solution of
sulphate of iron, the most wonderful fecundity has been attained.
Pear-trees and beans, which have been submitted to this treatment, have
nearly doubled in the size of their productions, and a noticeable
improvement has been remarked in their flavor. Dr. Becourt reports that
while at the head of an establishment at Enghien, or the sulphurous
springs, he had the gardens and plantations connected with it watered,
during several weeks of the early Spring, with sulphurous water, and
that not only the plantations prospered to a remarkable extent, but
flowers acquired a peculiar brilliancy of coloring and healthy aspect
which attracted universal attention.
_Drying Corn._--With a sharp knife shave the corn from the ear, then
scrape the cob, leaving one-half the hull clinging to the cob. Place a
tin or earthen vessel two-thirds full of this "milk of corn" over a
kettle of boiling water, stir frequently until dry enough to spread upon
a firm cloth without sticking, when the wind and sun (away from dust and
flies) will soon complete the process. To prepare for the table, put in
cold water, set it where it will become hot, but not boil, for two
hours; then season with salt and pepper, boil for ten minutes; add of
butter and white sugar a tablespoonful of each just before ready to
serve.
_To Destroy Lice on Chickens._--The following will kill lice on the
first application: Put six cents worth of cracked _Coculus Indicus_
berries into a bottle that will hold a half pint of alcohol: fill the
bottle with alcohol, and let it stand twenty-four hours. When the hen
comes off with the young chickens, take the mixture, and with a small
cotton rag, wet the head of each chicken enough to have it reach through
the little feathers to the skin; also, with the same rag, wet the hen
under her wings. Be careful that no child, nor any one else uses it,
because it a _deadly poison_.
_Cracked Wheat._--For a pint of the cracked grain, have two quarts of
water boiling in a smooth iron pot over a quick fire; stir in the wheat
slowly; boil fast and stir constantly for the first half hour of
cooking, or until it begins to thicken and "pop up;" then lift from the
quick fire, and place the pot where the wheat will cook slowly for an
hour longer. Keep it covered closely, stir now and then, and be careful
not to let it burn at the bottom. Wheat cooked thus is much sweeter and
richer than when left to soak and simmer for hours, as many think
necessary. White wheat cooks the easiest. When ready to dish out, have
your moulds moistened with cold water, cover lightly, and set in a cool
place. Eat warm or cold with milk and sugar.
_How to Have Green Pea Soup in Winter._--Sow peas thickly in pots and
boxes, say six weeks before the soup is wanted. Place them in a
temperature of 60° or so, close to the glass in a house or pit. Cut the
plants as soon as they attain a height of from three to six inches, and
rub them through a sieve. The shoots alone will make a fair soup. Mixed
with dry peas, also passed through a sieve, no one could scarcely
distinguish color or flavor from that of real green pea soup. There is,
however, considerable difference in the flavor of pea leaves, as well as
of the peas themselves. The best marrows, such as Ne Plus Ultra and
Veitche's Perfection, yield the most piquant cuttings. Also the more
light the plants receive the higher the flavor, plants drawn up or at
all blanched, being by no means comparable with those well and strongly
grown.
In the spring, a few patches or rows may be sown in open quarters
expressly for green cuttings. These are most perfect and full flavored
when four inches high. When too long, the flavor seems to have run to
wood, and the peculiar aroma of green peas is weaker.
There is yet another mode of making green pea soup at any season at very
short notice. Chip the peas by steeping them in water and leaving them
in a warm place for a few days. Then slightly boil or stew, chips and
all, and pass them through a sieve. The flavor is full and good, though
such pea soup lacks color. It is astonishing how much the mere
vegetation of seeds develops their more active and predominant flavor or
qualities; a fact that might often be turned to useful account in the
kitchen in the flavoring of soups or dishes, with turnips, celery,
parsley, etc.
_Composition for Restoring Scorched Linen._--Boil, to a good
consistency, in half a pint of vinegar, two ounces of fuller's earth, an
ounce of hen's dung, half an ounce of cake soap, and the juice of two
onions. Spread this composition over the whole of the damaged part; and
if the scorching is not quite through, and the threads actually
consumed, after suffering it to dry on, and letting it receive a
subsequent good washing or two, the place will appear full as white and
perfect as any other part of the linen.
_To Remove Indelible Ink Stains._--Soak the stained spot in strong salt
water, then wash it with ammonia. Salt changes the nitrate of silver
into chloride of silver, and ammonia dissolves the chloride.
_To Cook Cauliflower._--Choose those that are close and white and of
middle size, trim off the outside leaves, cut the stalk off flat at the
bottom, let them lie in salt and water an hour before you boil them. Put
them into boiling water with a handful of salt in it, skim it well and
let it boil slowly till done. Fifteen minutes will suffice for a small
one, and twenty will be long enough for a large one. If it is boiled a
minute or two after it is done the flavor will be impaired.
_To Pickle String Beans._--Place them in a pan with alternate layers of
salt and leave them thus for 24 hours. Drain them and place them in a
jar with allspice, cloves, pepper and a little salt. Boil enough vinegar
to cover them, pour over them and let them stand till the next day, boil
the vinegar the second time, and pour it on again. The next day boil the
vinegar for the last time, pour it over the beans, and when quite cold,
cover the jar tightly and set in a cool closet.
_How to Cause a Baby to Thrive and Grow._--Try the milk first drawn from
a cow that is fresh, add one-quarter water, and a little sugar. If the
milk constipates, sweeten it with molasses, or mix with it a small
quantity of magnesia. Abjure soothing syrups, and for colic give catnip
or smellage tea. Give the baby a tepid bath at night as well as in the
morning, rubbing him well with the hand. After the bath, let him feed
and then sleep. We find open air the best of tonics for babies. Ours
takes his naps out of doors in the shade during the warm weather, and
his cheeks are two roses.
_To Can Gooseberries without Breaking them._--Fill the cans with
berries, and partly cover with water, set the jars into a vessel of
water, and raise the temperature to the boiling point. Boil eight
minutes, remove from the kettle, cover with boiling water, and seal
immediately. If sugar is used, let it be pure white, and allow eight
ounces to a quart of berries. Make into a syrup, and use in the cans
instead of water. The glass cans with glass tops, a rubber and a screw
ring, we have found the simplest and most perfect of the many kinds
offered for sale in the market.
_Ready Mode of Mending Cracks in Stoves, Pipes and Iron Ovens._--When a
crack is discovered in a stove, through which the fire or smoke
penetrates, the aperture may be completely closed in a moment with a
composition consisting of wood ashes and common salt made up into paste
with a little water, and plastered over the crack. The good effect is
equally certain, whether the stove, etc., be cold or hot.
_To Keep Milk from Turning Sour._--Add a little sub-carbonate of soda,
or of potash. This by combining with, and neutralizing the acetic acid
formed, has the desired effect, and keeps the milk from turning sooner
than it otherwise would. The addition is perfectly harmless, and does
not injure the taste.
_Strawberry Vinegar._--Put four pounds of very ripe strawberries, nicely
dressed, into three quarts of the best vinegar, and let them stand three
or four days; then drain the vinegar through a jelly-bag, and pour it on
the same quantity of fruit. Repeat the process in three days for a third
time. Finally, to each pound of the liquor thus obtained, add one pound
of fine sugar. Bottle, and let it stand covered, but not tightly corked,
one week; then cork it tight, and set it in a cool, _dry_ place, where
it will not freeze. Raspberry vinegar is made the same way.
_Cider Vinegar._--After cider has become too sour for use, set it in a
warm place, put to it occasionally the rinsings of the sugar basin or
molasses jug, and any remains of ale or cold tea; let it remain with the
bung open, and you will soon have the best of vinegar.
_To Give Luster to Silver._--Dissolve a quantity of alum in water, so as
to make a pretty strong brine, and skim it carefully; then add some soap
to it, and dip a linen rag in it, and rub over the silver.
_To Make Water-Proof Porous Cloth._--Close water-proof cloth fabrics,
such as glazed oil-cloth, India-rubber, and gutta-percha cloth are
completely water-proof, but do not permit perspiration and the exhaled
gases from the skin to pass through them, because they are air-tight as
well as water-tight. Persons who wear air-tight garments soon become
faint, if they are undergoing severe exercise, such as that to which
soldiers are exposed when on march. A porous, water-proof cloth,
therefore, is the best for outer garments during wet weather, for those
whose duties or labor causes them to perspire freely. The best way for
preparing such cloth is by the following process: Take 2¼ pounds of alum
and dissolve this in 10 gallons of boiling water; then in a separate
vessel dissolve the same quantity of sugar of lead in 10 gallons of
water, and mix the two solutions. The cloth is now well handled in this
liquid, until every part of it is penetrated; then it is squeezed and
dried in the air, or in a warm apartment, then washed in cold water and
dried again, when it is fit for use. If necessary, the cloth may be
dipped in the liquid and dried twice before being washed. The liquor
appears curdled, when the alum and lead solutions are mixed together.
This is the result of double decomposition, the sulphate of lead, which
is an insoluble salt, being formed. The sulphate of lead is taken up in
the pores of the cloth, and it is unaffected by rains or moisture, and
yet it does not render the cloth air-tight. Such cloth is also partially
non-inflammable. A solution of alum itself will render cloth, prepared
as described, partially water-proof, but it is not so good as the
sulphate of lead. Such cloth--cotton or woolen--sheds rain like the
feathers on the back of a duck.
_To Cleanse Carpet._--1 teaspoonful liquid ammonia in one gallon warm
water, will often restore the color of carpets, even if produced by acid
or alkali. If a ceiling has been whitewashed with the carpet down, and a
few drops are visible, this will remove it. Or, after the carpet is well
beaten and brushed, scour with ox gall, which will not only extract
grease but freshen the colors--1 pint of gall in 3 gallons of warm
water, will do a large carpet. Table floor-cloths may be thus washed.
The suds left from a wash where ammonia is used, even if almost cold,
cleanses these floor-cloths well.
_To Keep Hams._--After the meat has been well cured by pickle and smoke,
take some clean ashes from bits of coal; moisten them with a little
water so that they will form a paste, or else just wet the hams a
little, and rub on the dry ashes. Rubbed in thoroughly they serve as a
capital insect protector, and the hams can be hung up in the smoke-house
or wood-chamber without any danger of molestation.
_A Cold Cement for Mending Earthenware_, says a recent English work,
reckoned a great secret among workmen, is made by grating a pound of old
cheese, with a bread grater, into a quart of milk, in which it must be
left for a period of fourteen hours. It should be stirred quite often. A
pound of unslaked lime, finely pulverized in a mortar, is then added,
and the whole is thoroughly mixed by beating. This done, the whites of
25 eggs are incorporated with the rest, and the whole is ready for use.
There is another cement for the same purpose which is used hot. It is
made of resin, beeswax, brick-dust, and chalk boiled together. The
substances to be cemented must be heated, and when the surfaces are
coated with cement, they must be rubbed hard upon each other, as in
making a glue-joint with wood.
_How to Make Cucumber Vines Bear Five Crops._--When a cucumber is taken
from the vine let it be cut with a knife, leaving about the eighth of an
inch of the cucumber on the stem, then slit the stem with a knife from
the end to the vine, leaving a small portion of the cucumber on each
division, and on each separate slit there will be a new cucumber as
large as the first.
_White Cement._--Take white (fish) glue, 1 lb. 10 oz.; dry white lead, 6
oz.; soft water, 3 pts.; alcohol, 1 pt.
Dissolve the glue by putting it in a tin kettle or dish, containing the
water, and set this dish in a kettle of water, to prevent the glue from
being burned; when the glue is all dissolved, put in the lead and stir
and boil until it is thoroughly mixed; remove from the fire, and when
cool enough to bottle, add the alcohol, and bottle while it is yet warm,
keeping it corked. This last recipe has been sold about the country for
from twenty-five cents to five dollars, and one man gave a horse for
it.
_Bruises on Furniture._--Wet the part in warm water; double a piece of
brown paper five or six times, soak in the warm water, and lay it on the
place; apply on that a warm, but not hot, flatiron till the moisture is
evaporated. If the bruise be not gone repeat the process. After two or
three applications the dent will be raised to the surface. If the bruise
be small, merely soak it with warm water, and hold a red-hot iron near
the surface, keeping the surface continually wet--the bruise will soon
disappear.
_To Prevent Iron Rust._--Kerosene applied to stoves or farming
implements, during summer, will prevent their rusting.
_To Color Sheep Skins._--Unslaked lime and litharge equal parts, mixed
to a thin paste with water, will color buff--several coats will make it
a dark brown; by adding a little ammonia and nitrate of silver a fine
black is produced. Terra japonica will impart a "tan color" to wool, and
the red shade is deepened by sponging with a solution of lime and water,
using a strong solution of alum water to "set" the colors; 1 part
crystallized nitrate silver, 8 parts carbonate ammonia, and 1½ parts of
soft water dyes brown; every additional coat darkens the color until a
black is obtained.
_Remedy for Bums._--Take one teacup of lard and the whites of two eggs;
work together as much as it can be, then spread on cloths and apply.
Change as often as necessary.
_How Summer Suits should be Washed._--Summer suits are nearly all made
of white or buff linen, pique, cambric, or muslin, and the art of
preserving the new appearance after washing is a matter of the greatest
importance. Common washerwomen spoil everything with soda, and nothing
is more frequent than to see the delicate tints of lawns and percales
turned into dark blotches and muddy streaks by the ignorance and
vandalism of a laundress. It is worth while for ladies to pay attention
to this, and insist upon having their summer dresses washed according to
the directions which they should be prepared to give their laundresses
themselves. In the first place, the water should be tepid, the soap
should not be allowed to touch the fabric; it should be washed and
rinsed quick, turned upon the wrong side, and hung in the shade to dry,
and when starched (in thin boiled but not boiling starch) should be
folded in sheets or towels, and ironed upon the wrong side as soon as
possible. But linen should be washed in water in which hay or a quart
bag of bran has been boiled. This last will be found to answer for
starch as well, and is excellent for print dresses of all kinds, but a
handful of salt is very useful also to set the colors of light cambrics
and dotted lawns; and a little ox gall will not only set but brighten
yellow and purple tints, and has a good effect upon green.
_How to Fasten Rubber to Wood and Metal._--As rubber plates and rings
are now-a-days used almost exclusively for making connections between
steam and other pipes and apparatus, much annoyance is often experienced
by the impossibility or imperfection of an air-tight connection. This is
obviated entirely by employing a cement which fastens alike well to the
rubber and to the metal or wood. Such cement is prepared by a solution
of shellac in ammonia. This is best made by soaking pulverized gum
shellac in ten times its weight of strong ammonia, when a slimy mass is
obtained, which in three to four weeks will become liquid without the
use of hot water. This softens the rubber, and becomes, after
volatilization of the ammonia, hard and impermeable to gases and fluids.
_Renewing Maroon Colors on Wool._--Wash the goods in very weak lye; then
rinse thoroughly in clear water; thus you have a beautiful, _even_
color, although your goods may have been much faded and stained. Though
the color thus obtained may not be the exact shade as when new, it is,
however, a very pretty one. The above will not answer for other than all
woolen goods of a maroon color.
_To make Waterproof Cloth out of thick Ducking._--The following French
recipe is given: Take two pounds four ounces of alum, and dissolve it in
ten gallons of water. In like manner dissolve the same quantity of sugar
of lead in a similar quantity of water, and mix the two together. They
form a precipitate of the sulphate of lead. The clear liquor is now
withdrawn, and the cloth immersed one hour in the solution, when it is
taken out and dried in the shade, washed in clean water and dried again.
_How to Stop a Pinhole in Lead Pipe._--Take a ten-penny nail, place the
square end upon the hole, and hit it two or three slight blows with a
hammer, and the orifice is closed as tight as though you had employed a
plumber to do it at a cost of a dollar or more.
_To Build a Chimney that Will Not Smoke._--The _Scientific American_
gives the following hints to those who would "build a chimney which will
not smoke":--The chief point is to make the throat not less than four
inches broad and twelve long; then the chimney should be abruptly
enlarged to double the size, and so continued for one foot or more; then
it may be gradually tapered off as desired. But the inside of the
chimney, throughout its whole length to the top, should be plastered
very smooth with good mortar, which will harden with age. The area of a
chimney should be at least half a square foot, and no flues less than
sixty square inches. The best shape for a chimney is circular, or
many-sided, as giving less friction, (brick is the best material, as it
is a non-conductor,) and the higher above the roof the better.
_To Prevent Turners' Wood Splitting._--Small pieces of valuable wood,
such kinds as are used for turning, etc., are very liable to split
readily--that is, outward from the centre. To prevent this, soak the
pieces, when first cut, in _cold_ water for 24 hours, then boil in hot
water for two or three hours, and afterward dry slowly and under cover.
This will be found useful in making handsome mantel, toilet, and other
articles from sumac, cherry, and other woods that never grow very large.
_To Remove Dry Paint on Windows._--The most economical way to remove dry
paint from the panes is to make a small swab having a handle some eight
inches long, dip it in a little diluted oxalic acid, and rub off the
paint with a swab.
_Everlasting Fence Posts._--I discovered many years ago that wood could
be made to last longer than iron in the ground, but thought the process
so simple and inexpensive that it was not worth while making any stir
about it. I would as soon have poplar, basswood, or quaking ash as any
other kind of timber for fence posts. I have taken out basswood posts
after having been set seven years, which were as sound when taken out as
when they were first put in the ground. Time and weather seemed to have
no effect on them. The posts can be prepared for less than two cents a
piece. This is the recipe: Take boiled linseed oil and stir in it
pulverized charcoal to the consistency of paint. Put a coat of this over
the timber, and there is not a man that will live to see it rotten.
_How to Test the Richness of Milk._--Procure any long glass vessel--a
cologne bottle or long phial. Take a narrow strip of paper, just the
length from the neck to the bottom of the phial, and mark it off with
one hundred lines at equal distances; or into fifty lines and count each
as two, and paste it upon the phial, so as to divide its length into a
hundred equal parts. Fill it to the highest mark with milk fresh from
the cow, and allow it to stand in a perpendicular position twenty-four
hours. The number of spaces occupied by the cream will give you its
exact percentage in the milk without any guess work.
_To Remove Stains._--The stains of ink on cloth, paper, or wood may be
removed by almost all acids: but those acids are to be preferred which
are least likely to injure the texture of the stained substance. The
muriatic acid, diluted with five or six times its weight of water, may
be applied to the spot, and after a minute or two may be washed off,
repeating the application as often as may be necessary. But the
vegetable acids are attended with less risk, and are equally effectual.
A solution of the oxalic, citric (acid of lemons), or tartareous acids
in water may be applied to the most delicate fabrics, without any danger
of injuring them; and the same solutions will discharge writing but not
printing ink. Hence they may be employed in cleaning books which have
been defaced by writing on the margin, without impairing the text.
Lemon-juice and the juice of sorrels will also remove ink stains, but
not so easily as the concrete acid of lemons or citric acid.
_To Prevent Snow-water or Rain from Penetrating the Soles of Shoes or
Boots in Winter._--This simple and effectual remedy is nothing more than
a little beeswax and mutton suet, warmed in a pipkin until in a liquid
state. Then rub some of it lightly over the edges of the sole where the
stitches are, which will repel the wet, and not in the least prevent the
blacking from having the usual effect.
_An Easy Method of Preventing Moths in Furs or Woolens._--Sprinkle the
furs or woolen stuffs, as well as the drawers or boxes in which they are
kept, with spirits of turpentine; the unpleasant scent of which will
speedily evaporate on exposure of the stuffs to the air. Some persons
place sheets of paper, moistened with spirits of turpentine, over,
under, or between pieces of cloth, etc., and find it a very effectual
mode.
_To make Sea-water fit for Washing Linen at Sea._--Soda put into
sea-water renders it turbid; the lime and magnesia fall to the bottom.
To make sea-water fit for washing linen at sea, as much soda must be put
in it, as not only to effect a complete precipitation of these earths,
but to render the sea-water sufficiently laxivial or alkaline. Soda
should always be taken to sea for this purpose.
_To Destroy Insects._--When bugs have obtained a lodgment in walls or
timber, the surest mode of overcoming the nuisance is to putty up every
hole that is moderately large, and oil-paint the whole wall or timber.
In bed-furniture, a mixture of soft soap, with snuff or arsenic, is
useful to fill up the holes where the bolts or fastenings are fixed,
etc. French polish may be applied to smoother parts of the wood.
_Poultice for Burns and Frozen Flesh._--Indian-meal poultices, covered
with young hyson tea, moistened with hot water, and laid over burns or
frozen parts, as hot as can be borne, will relieve the pain in five
minutes; and blisters, if they have not, will not arise. One poultice is
usually sufficient.
_Cracked Nipples._--Glycerine and tannin, equal weights, rubbed together
into an ointment, is very highly recommended, as is also mutton tallow
and glycerine.
_To take the Impression of any Butterfly in all its Colors._--Having
taken a butterfly, kill it without spoiling its wings, which contrive to
spread out as regularly as possible in a flying position. Then, with a
small brush or pencil, take a piece of white paper; wash part of it with
gum-water, a little thicker than ordinary, so that it may easily dry.
Afterwards, laying your butterfly on the paper, cut off the body close
to the wings, and, throwing it away, lay the paper on a smooth board
with the fly upwards; and, laying another paper over that, put the whole
preparation into a screw-press, and screw down very hard, letting it
remain under that pressure for half an hour. Afterwards take off the
wings of the butterfly, and you will find a perfect impression of them,
with all their various colors, marked distinctly, remaining on the
paper. When this is done, draw between the wings of your impression the
body of the butterfly, and color it after the insect itself.
_To take the Stains of Grease from Woolen or Silk._--Three ounces of
spirits of wine, three ounces of French chalk powdered, and five ounces
of pipe-clay. Mix the above ingredients, and make them up in rolls about
the length of a finger, and you will find a never-failing remedy for
removing grease from woolen or silken goods. N. B.--It is applied by
rubbing on the spot either dry or wet, and afterwards brushing the
place.
_Easy and Safe Method of Discharging Grease from Woolen
Cloths._--Fuller's earth or tobacco pipe-clay, being put wet on an
oil-spot, absorbs the oil as the water evaporates, and leaves the
vegetable or animal fibres of the cloth clean on being beaten or brushed
out. When the spot is occasioned by tallow or wax, it is necessary to
heat the part cautiously by an iron or the fire while the cloth is
drying. In some kinds of goods, blotting-paper, bran, or raw starch, may
be used with advantage.
_To take out Spots of Ink._--As soon as the accident happens, wet the
place with juice of sorrel or lemon, or with vinegar, and the best hard
white soap.
_To take Iron-moulds out of Linen._--Hold the iron-mould on the cover of
a tankard of boiling water, and rub on the spot a little juice of sorrel
and a little salt; and when the cloth has thoroughly imbibed the juice,
wash it in lye.
_To take out Spots on Silk._--Rub the spots with spirits of turpentine;
this spirit exhaling, carries off with it the oil that causes the spot.
_To take Wax out of Velvet of all Colors except Crimson._--Take a crumby
wheaten loaf, cut it in two, toast it before the fire, and, while very
hot, apply it to the part spotted with wax. Then apply another piece of
toasted bread hot as before, and continue this application until the wax
is entirely taken out.
_To Bleach Straw._--Straw is bleached by the vapors of sulphur, or a
solution of oxalic acid or chloride of lime. It may be dyed with any
liquid color.
_Windows, to Crystallize._--Dissolve epsom-salts in hot ale, or
solution of gum arabic, wash it over the window, and let it dry. If you
wish to remove any, to form a border or centre-piece, do it with a wet
cloth.
_Wax for Bottling._--Rosin, 13 parts; wax, 1 part; melt and add any
color. Used to render corks and bungs air-tight by _melting the wax_
over them.
_Whitewash._--Slack half a bushel of lime with boiling water, and cover
the vessel to retain the steam. Strain the liquor, and add one peck of
salt previously dissolved in warm water, 3 lbs. of rice boiled and
ground to a paste, Spanish whiting, 8 oz.; glue, 1 lb.; mix and add hot
water, 5 gallons; let it stand a few days, and apply hot. It makes a
brilliant wash for inside or outside works.
_To Purify Water for Drinking._--Filter river-water through a sponge,
more or less compressed, instead of stone or sand, by which the water is
not only rendered more clean, but wholesome; for sand is insensibly
dissolved by the water, so that in four or five years it will have lost
a fifth part of its weight. Powder of charcoal should be added to the
sponge when the water is foul or fetid. Those who examine the large
quantity of terrene matter on the inside of tea-kettles, will be
convinced all water should be boiled before drunk, if they wish to avoid
being afflicted with gravel or stone, etc.
_To Purify the Muddy Waters of Rivers or Pits._--Make a number of holes
in the bottom of a deep tub; lay some clean gravel thereon, and above
this some clean sand; sink this tub in the river or pit, so that only a
few inches of the tub will be above the surface of the water; the river
or pit water will filter through the sand, and rise clear through it to
the level of the water on the outside, and will be pure and limpid.
_Method of Making Putrid Water Sweet in a Night's Time._--Four large
spoonfuls of unslacked lime, put into a puncheon of ninety gallons of
putrid water at sea, will, in one night, make it as clear and sweet as
the best spring-water just drawn; but, unless the water is afterwards
ventilated sufficiently to carbonize the lime, it will be a lime-water.
Three ounces of pure unslacked lime should saturate 90 gallons of water.
_To Keep Apples from Freezing._--Apples form an article of chief
necessity in almost every family; therefore, great care is taken to
protect them from frost; it being well known that they, if left
unprotected, are destroyed by the first frost which occurs. They may be
kept in the attic with impunity throughout the winter, by simply
covering them over with a linen cloth; be sure you have _linen_, for
woolen or other cloth is of _no avail_.
_To Preserve Grapes._--Take a cask or barrel which will hold water, and
put into it, first a layer of bran, dried in an oven, or of ashes well
dried and sifted; upon this place a layer of grapes well cleaned, and
gathered in the afternoon of a dry day, before they are perfectly ripe;
proceed thus with alternate layers of bran or ashes and grapes, till the
barrel is full, taking care that the grapes do not touch each other, and
to let the last layer be of bran or ashes; then close the barrel so that
the air may not penetrate, which is an essential point. Grapes thus
packed will keep for nine or even twelve months. To restore them to
freshness, cut the end of the stalk of each bunch of grapes, and put it
into red wine, as you would flowers into water. White grapes should be
put into white wine.
_To Increase the Laying of Eggs._--The best method is to mix with their
food, every other day, about a teaspoon of ground cayenne pepper to each
dozen fowl. Whilst upon this subject, it would be well to say, that if
your hens lay soft eggs, or eggs without shells, you should put plenty
of old plaster, egg-shells, or even oyster-shells broken up, where they
can get at it.
_To Preserve Meats._--Beef to pickle for long keeping. First, thoroughly
rub salt into it, and let it remain in bulk for twenty-four hours to
draw off the blood. Second, take it up, letting it drain, and pack as
desired. Third, have ready a pickle prepared as follows: for every 100
pounds of beef use 7 pounds salt; saltpetre and cayenne pepper each, 1
ounce; molasses, 1 quart; and soft water, 8 gallons; boil and skim well,
and when cold pour over the beef.
Another method is to use 5 pounds salt, 1 pound brown sugar, and ¼ oz.
of saltpetre, to each 100 pounds; dissolve the above in sufficient water
to cover the meat, and in two weeks drain all off, and make more same as
first. It will then keep through the season. To boil for eating, put
into boiling water; for soups, into cold water.
_Flies, to Destroy._--Boil some quassia-chips in a little water, sweeten
with syrup or molasses, and place it in saucers. It is destructive to
flies, but not to children.
_Walnuts, to Pickle._--Take 100 young walnuts, lay them in salt and
water for two or three days, changing the water every day. (If required
to be soon ready for use, pierce each walnut with a larding pin that the
pickle may penetrate). Wipe them with a soft cloth, and lay them on a
folded cloth for some hours. Then put them in a jar, and pour on them
sufficient of the above spiced vinegar, hot, to cover them. Or they may
be allowed to simmer gently in strong vinegar, then put into a jar with
a handful of mustard-seed, 1 oz. of ginger, ¼ oz. mace, 1 oz. allspice,
2 heads of garlic, and 2 split nutmegs; and pour on them sufficient
boiling vinegar to cover them. Some prefer the walnuts to be gently
simmered with the brine, then laid on a cloth for a day or two till they
turn black, put into a jar, and hot spiced vinegar poured on them.
_To Pickle Cucumbers and Gherkins._--Small cucumbers, but not too young,
are wiped clean with a dry cloth, put into a jar, and boiling vinegar,
with a handful of salt, poured on them. Boil up the vinegar every three
days, and pour it on them, till they become green: then add ginger and
pepper, and tie them up close for use, or cover them with salt and water
(as above) in a stone jar; cover them, and set them on the hearth before
the fire for two or three days, till they turn yellow; then put away the
water, and cover them with hot vinegar, and set them near the fire, and
keep them hot for eight or ten days, till they become green; then pour
off the vinegar, cover them with hot spiced vinegar, and cover them
close.
_Mushroom Ketchup._--Pickled mushrooms, 4 lbs.: salt, 2 lbs. Sprinkle it
on the mushrooms; and, when they liquefy, remove the juice; acid
pimento, 6 oz.; cloves, 1 oz.; boil gently and strain: the remaining
liquor, if any, may be treated with pepper, mace and ginger for a second
quality.
_Tomato Ketchup._--Proceed as for mushroom ketchup, and add a little
Chili pepper vinegar.
_To Take Fac-Similes of Signatures._--Write your name on a piece of
paper, and while the ink is wet sprinkle over it some finely-powdered
gum arabic, then make a rim round it, and pour on it some fusible alloy,
in a liquid state. Impressions may be taken from the plates formed in
this way, by means of printing-ink and the copperplate-press.
_To Copy Letters without a Press._--A black copying ink, which flows
easily from the pen, and will enable any one to obtain very sharp copies
without the aid of a press, can be prepared in the following manner: One
ounce of coarsely broken extract of logwood and two drachms of
crystallized carbonate of soda are placed in a porcelain capsule with
eight ounces of distilled water, and heated until the solution is of a
deep red color, and all the extract is dissolved. The capsule is then
taken from the fire. Stir well into the mixture one ounce of glycerine
of specific gravity of 1.25, fifteen grains of neutral chromate of
potash, dissolved in a little water, and two drachms of finely
pulverized gum arabic, which may be previously dissolved in a little hot
water so as to produce a mucilaginous solution. The ink is now complete
and ready for use. In well closed bottles it may be kept for a long time
without getting mouldy, and, however old it may be, will allow copies
of writing to be taken without the aid of a press. It does not attack
steel pens. This ink cannot be used with a copying press. Its impression
is taken on thin moistened copying paper, at the back of which is placed
a sheet of writing paper.
_To Obtain Fresh Blown Flowers in Winter._--Choose some of the most
perfect buds of the flowers you would preserve, such as are latest in
blowing and ready to open; cut them off with a pair of scissors, leaving
to each, if possible, a piece of stem about three inches long; cover the
end of the stem immediately with sealing wax, and when the buds are a
little shrunk and wrinkled, wrap each of them up separately in a piece
of paper, perfectly clean and dry, and lock them up in a dry box or
drawer; and they will keep without corrupting. In winter, or at any time
when you would have the flowers blow, take the buds at night and cut off
the end of the stem sealed with wax, and put the buds into water wherein
a little nitre or salt has been diffused, and the next day you will have
the pleasure of seeing the buds open and expanding themselves, and the
flowers display their most lively colors, and breathe their agreeable
odors.
_Cheap Ice Cream._--Sweet milk, two quarts. Scald the milk, pour over
four eggs, and stir well. Cool off and add sugar and essence of lemon or
vanilla. Pour into a deep, narrow tin pail. Cover, and set into a wooden
pail. Fill up the space between the two vessels with pounded ice and
salt. In half an hour it will be fit for use. Keep thus in the ice till
wanted to use.
_To Take Impressions from Coins._--Make a thick solution of isinglass in
water, and lay it hot on the metal; let it remain for twelve hours, then
remove it, breathe on it and apply gold or silver-leaf on the wrong
side. Any color may be given to the isinglass instead of gold or silver,
by simple mixture.
_To Print Pictures from the Print Itself._--The page or print is soaked
in a solution first of potass, and then of tartaric acid. This produces
a perfect diffusion of crystals of bitartrate of potass through the
texture of the unprinted part of the paper. As this salt resists oil,
the ink roller may now be passed over the surface, without transferring
any of its contents, except to the printed paper.
_To Preserve Steel Knives from Rust._--Never wrap them in woolen cloths.
When they are not to be used for some time, have them made bright and
perfectly dry; then take a soft rag, and rub each blade with dry wood
ashes.--Wrap them closely in thick brown paper, and lay them in a drawer
or dry closet. A set of elegant knives, used only on great occasions,
were kept in this way for over a hundred years without a spot of rust.
_To Plate and Gild without a Battery._--A very useful solution of silver
or gold for plating or gilding without the aid of a battery may be made
as follows: Take say, 1 ounce of nitrate of silver, dissolved in one
quart of distilled or rain water. When thoroughly dissolved, throw in a
few crystals of hyposulphite of soda, which will at first form a brown
precipitate, but which eventually becomes redissolved if sufficient
hyposulphite has been employed. A slight excess of this salt must,
however, be added. The solution thus formed may be used for coating
small articles of steel, brass, or German silver, by simply dipping a
sponge in the solution and rubbing it over the surface of the article to
be coated. I have succeeded in coating steel very satisfactorily by this
means, and have found the silver so firmly attached to the steel (when
the solution has been carefully made) that it has been removed with
considerable difficulty. A solution of gold may be made in the same way,
and applied as described. A concentrated solution either of gold or
silver thus made, may be used for coating parts of articles which have
stripped or blistered, by applying it with a camel hair pencil to the
part, and touching the spot at the same time with a thin clean strip of
zinc.
_To make a Clock for 25 Cents._--First you get a sheet of stout
millboard, such as is used by bookbinders. This will cost you from six
to ten cents. Get size twenty-seven by twenty-two inches. Draw two lines
the longest way equally distant from the edge and each other. This
divides it into three parts of the same size. Now from the top measure
off ten inches for the face, and then with your knife partly cut the
board through the rest of the lines below the face, and bend them back
and glue together by putting a strip of cloth over the edges where they
meet. Mark out the face of your clock, and make a hole for the hands. Go
to your tinman, and he will make you a funnel-shaped spout, which you
must glue on the bottom. Then make a spool like a cone--running to a
point on one end--and eight inches across on the other. Wind a string on
this cone, commencing at the large end, and winding down just as you
would a top. Tie to the end a conical ink bottle filled with sand. Make
some wooden hands, and put them on the face. Then fill your box, now
made, with sand, and when it is hung up the sand will run out slowly at
the bottom, and as the sand goes out the weights lower, and turn the
wheel, which makes the hands go around. It will depend upon the size of
the hole at the bottom as to how fast it runs. You can paint it, and
make it quite an ornament and curiosity in your house.
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Corrections.
The first line indicates the original, the second the correction.
p. 16:
quarter of an ounce of gum arabic
a quarter of an ounce of gum arabic
p. 18:
them two or three days in colorless venegar.
them two or three days in colorless vinegar.
p. 43:
to be corroded with the acid, should be ferfectly
to be corroded with the acid, should be perfectly
p. 45:
cream tartar and castile soap, one uarter of an ounce.
cream tartar and castile soap, one quarter of an ounce.
p. 49:
A little salt improves it flavor;
A little salt improves its flavor;
p. 52:
Our's takes his naps out of doors in the shade
Ours takes his naps out of doors in the shade
p. 53:
The suphate of lead is taken up
The sulphate of lead is taken up
p. 59:
N. B.--It it applied by rubbing
N. B.--It is applied by rubbing
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