The Project Gutenberg eBook of How to make sweet potato flour, starch, sugar, bread and mock cocoanut
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Title: How to make sweet potato flour, starch, sugar, bread and mock cocoanut
Author: George Washington Carver
Release date: December 4, 2025 [eBook #77397]
Language: English
Original publication: Tuskegee: Experiment Station, Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, 1918
Credits: Charlene Taylor, Andrew Scott and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOW TO MAKE SWEET POTATO FLOUR, STARCH, SUGAR, BREAD AND MOCK COCOANUT ***
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Some minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book.
[Illustration]
BULLETIN No. 37 1918
How to Make Sweet Potato
Flour, Starch, Sugar
Bread and Mock
Cocoanut
BY
G. W. CARVER, M. S. Agr.,
Director
EXPERIMENT STATION
TUSKEGEE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL
INSTITUTE
HOW TO MAKE SWEET POTATO FLOUR, STARCH, SUGAR, BREAD AND MOCK COCOANUT
BY GEO. W. CARVER
Director Experiment Station, Tuskegee Normal and Industrial
Institute, Tuskegee Institute, Alabama.
SWEET POTATO FLOUR
There are several grades of this product and quite as many ways to
manufacture them. Each one of these flours or meals (as most millers
insist upon calling them) has a particular character of its own and
is therefore adapted to certain uses the other products are not.
These Sweet Potato flours are generally speaking of three kinds.
1st. Those made from the uncooked potato.
2nd. Those made from the cooked potato.
3rd. Those made from a careful system of roasting, or from the starch
making process. The first two will interest the housewife most, so,
therefore, I will dwell almost or quite exclusively on these.
FLOUR NO. 1. FROM THE RAW POTATO
Here, all that is necessary is to wash, peel, and slice the potatoes
real thin, dry in sun, oven or dryer until the pieces are quite
brittle, grind very fine in a clean coffee mill, spice mill, or any
type of mill that will make wheat flour or corn meal; bolt through
fine cloth in the same way, as for other flours.
The fine flour-like particles will pass through, and the coarse
granular meal left on the bolting cloths.
Uses
This kind of flour is fine for making mock rye bread, ginger snaps,
wafers, waffles, batter cakes, custards, pies, etc. Bread can be made
with it, but it makes a dough deficient in elasticity, bread dark in
color and a loaf which dries out quickly.
The coarser meals can be cooked in a great variety of ways and make
very palatable dishes; they are to be soaked in warm liquid (whatever
is desired to cook them in), when soft proceed as for grated
potatoes.
FLOUR NO. 2. FROM COOKED POTATOES
For the making of this flour the potatoes are boiled, or steamed
(preferably the latter) until done, sliced or granulated by mashing
or running through a food chopper and dried until they become very
brittle, they are made into flour and meal exactly the same as given
for Flour No. 1.
Uses
This kind of flour is especially fine for bread, cakes, pies,
puddings, sauce, gravies, custards, etc.
Indeed, most people consider a loaf made in the proportion of
one-third sweet potato flour to two-thirds wheat flour, superior in
flavor and appearance to all wheat flour.
Many experiments have proven that either the mashed sweet potato or
the sweet potato flour may be used in bread up to as high as 50%, but
at this point it becomes decidedly potato-like in texture and flavor
but not unpalatable or unwholesome.
FLOUR NO. 3. FROM PULP
This flour is made from the pulp after the starch has been removed,
it is dried without cooking, ground and bolted exactly the same as
recommended for the other flours.
When made into puddings, pies, blanc-mange, etc., the same as
shredded cocoanut, it resembles it very much in taste and texture and
is very palatable, and is a most welcome addition to the dietary.
It can also be used in the making of bread and is especially valuable
where people object to a loaf with the least bit of a sweet taste,
also where they wish one with as little starch and sugar as possible.
SWEET POTATO STARCH
This is very easily made, all that is necessary is to grate the
potato, the finer the better, put into a cheese cloth or thin
muslin bag and dip up and down, in a vessel of water, squeezing
occasionally, continue washing as long as the washings are very milky.
Allow it to settle five or six hours or until the water becomes
clear, pour off; rewash the starch, which will be in the bottom of
the vessel, stir up well, allow to settle again, pour off the water
and let dry, keep the same as any ordinary starch.
Uses
Use exactly the same as corn starch in cooking; I am confident you
will find it superior to corn starch; it makes a very fine quality of
library paste, and has very powerful adhesive qualities.
In certain arts and trades it is almost indispensable.
SWEET POTATO SUGAR
By saving the water in which the pulp was washed first, in the starch
making process, and boiling down, the same as for any syrup, a very
palatable, non crystalline sugar will be the result; this sugar or
syrup can be used in many ways.
Here in the South and other sections of the country where fresh
potatoes can be had almost or quite the year round, the flour is
not a necessity for bread making; but for commercial purposes there
are almost unlimited possibilities, and is destined to become more
popular as fast as the public finds out what a delicious, appetizing
and wholesome product these flours are.
Our method of using follows with the hope that thousands of
housewives will try out this most satisfactory way to conserve wheat
flour.
HOUSEHOLD RECIPES
SWEET POTATO BREAD
Take:
1 cup finely mashed sweet potatoes;
2 tablespoons warm water;
½ yeast cake;
1 teaspoon salt.
Two and ¾ cups flour, or sufficient to make a soft dough.
Add the salt to the potatoes, and the yeast; pour in the water; add
flour enough to make a smooth sponge (about a cupful); cover, and set
in a warm place to rise.
When light add the remainder of the flour or whatever is needed to
make a smooth, elastic dough. Cover, and let rise until light; mould;
shape into loaves or rolls; let rise and bake.
Many variations of the above bread can be made by adding sugar,
butter, lard, nuts, spices, etc.
SWEET POTATO BISCUITS
Take:
½ cupful mashed sweet potatoes.
1 cupful flour.
4 teaspoons baking powder.
½ teaspoon salt.
2 tablespoons butter or lard.
Milk sufficient to make a soft dough. Sift the flour, salt, and
baking powder together several times; add these to the potatoes,
mixing in with a knife.
Now work the fat into the mixture lightly; add the milk; work quickly
and lightly until a soft dough is formed; turn out on a floured
board; pat and roll out lightly until about one-half inch thick; cut
into biscuits; place on buttered or greased pans, and bake twelve or
fifteen minutes in a quick oven.
SWEET POTATO BISCUITS NO. 2 (EXTRA FINE)
Take:
1 cup boiled and finely mashed sweet potatoes.
2 eggs, well beaten.
2 cups flour.
2 teaspoons baking powder.
1 teaspoon salt.
2 scant tablespoons melted butter or lard.
1 tablespoon sugar (if desired).
2 cups milk.
Mix together all the dry ingredients, and stir into the milk, beaten
eggs and potato.
If too soft add more flour, sufficient to make a soft dough. Roll out
lightly; cut with a biscuit cutter; bake in quick oven.
SWEET POTATO BREAD (BAKER’S METHOD)
This recipe was given me by Mr. J. M. Colter, who has charge of the
Institute’s Bakery:
Take:
70 pounds of wheat flour.
30 pounds of finely mashed sweet potatoes.
40 pounds of water.
1 ½ pounds of salt.
1 pound of sugar.
1 pound of lard.
1 pound of compressed yeast.
Every other operation is exactly the same as for bread or rolls made
from all wheat flour.
Mr. W. T. Shehee, Steward of Boarding Department, says it not only
gives universal satisfaction, but is preferred by many to bread or
rolls made from all wheat flour.
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Page 5: “non crystaline sugar” changed to “non crystalline sugar”.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOW TO MAKE SWEET POTATO FLOUR, STARCH, SUGAR, BREAD AND MOCK COCOANUT ***
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