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Title: Encovragements, for such as shall have intention to bee vnder-takers in the new plantation of Cape Briton, now New Galloway in America
Author: Sir Robert Gordon
Release date: December 11, 2025 [eBook #77440]
Language: English
Original publication: Edinburgh: Iohn Wreittoun, 1625
Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/77440
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ENCOVRAGEMENTS,
For such as shall have intention
to bee Vnder-takers in the new plantation of _CAPE BRITON_, now _New
Galloway_ in AMERICA,
_BY MEE_
LOCHINVAR.
_Non nobis nati sumus; aliquid parentes, aliquid Patria, aliquid cognati
postulant._
[Illustration: A family crest with two figures around a knight’s head,
with the motto Dread God and the date 1625.]
EDINBVRGH,
Printed by _Iohn Wreittoun_. Anno Dom. 1625.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TO THE RIGHT
VVORSHIPFVLL
SIR WILLIAM
ALEXANDER
of Menstrie Knight,
Master of Requestes for _Scotland_,
and Lievetenant Generall to his
Majestie in the Kingdome
of _NEW SCOTLAND_.
AND
TO THE REMNANT THE NOBLE-
MEN, AND KNIGHTS BARO-
nets in _Scotland_, Vnder-takers
in the plantations of New Scot-
land in AMERICA.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TO THE ADVEN-
TVRERS, FAVOV-
rers, and well-willers of
the enterprise for the inhabiting,
and planting in _Cape Briton_, now
_New Galloway_ in America.
* * *
* *
*
Gentle Reader,
It hath beene the policie vniversall, from the creation of the World
vnto this time, of all civile States, the replenishing of the World with
Colonies of their owne subjects. _Adam_ and _Eva_ did first beginne this
pleasant worke to plant the Earth to succeeding posteritie. _Noah_, and
his familie began againe the second plantation. And the confusion of
tongues at _Babel_, made division of States, scattering as manie
Colonies over the face of the Earth after the Flood, as there was
diversitie of Languages: and their seede as it still increased, hath
still planted new Countries, one after another; and so the Worlde to
that estate whereinto it is.
That the planting of Countries, and civilizing barbarous and inhumane
Nations, hath ever beene the worke of the greatest Princes of the Earth,
their ever-living actions hath testified; wherewith are filled both the
records of divine Trueth, and the monuments of humane state; and whose
heroicke actions (wee must not thinke) hath beene vndertaken vpon
triviall motives, when as by that, they did aswell inlarge the limites
of their Dominions, and enriche the revenues of their estates; as bridle
sedition at home, and settle securitie against their enemies abroad.
These preceeding praise-worthie Fathers, and their memorable of-spring
were diligent to plant, that yet vnplanted to their after-livers;
wherein shined those worthie Founders of the great Monarchies and their
virtues: the _Hebrues_, the _Lacedemonians_, _Gothes_, _Græcians_,
_Romanes_, and the rest from time to time in their severall ages.
But to leaue these remote times, let vs take a view within these 60.
yeeres of the discoveries, and plantations in _America_, by the
_English_, the _French_, the _Spainard_, the _Portugale_; by whose
industrious paines are made knowne vnto vs alreadie their, so hudge
tracts, kingdomes, and territories, peopled and vnpeopled, as vpon the
hither side for the space of 5000. leagues at the least, and for 3000.
more on the backe side in the South Sea.
Manie discourses of the discoueries which hath beene there effected
within these few yeeres are made of worthie Personages: such as
_Columbus_, _Cortez_, _Pitzora_, _Soto_, _Magellanes_, and manie others,
who to the wonder of all ages hath successivelie seconded one another in
those partes.
Whole Decads are filled with discoveries there, and volumes with their
actions of plantation: There wee see the renowned _Drake_, and memorable
_Candisch_ twise about the round circumference of the whole Earth.
_Virginia_ to perpetrat the memorie of her honourable Knight _Sr Walter
Ralegh_, _Amadas_, _Arthur_, _Whyte_, _Grenuile_, and _Lane_ her first
discoverers, and worthie Governours in her plantations. _Sr Iohn
Haukins_ in his _Guinea_. _Iohn de Verrazano_ a Florentine, _Iohn
Rinault_, _Rene Landoniere_, _Dominique Gorgues_ in their Florida. The
noble _Cortez_, and the other Spainards, and Portugalls in their golden
Mynes of the 15. Provinces of new _Mexico_, _Nueua Gallicia_, _Nueua
Hispanna_, _Nueua Biscaia_, _Cibola_, _Quivivra_, and to the Gulfe of
_California_ on the back side of _America_. The famous _Cabot_,
_Frobisher_, _Davis_, whose memories shall never die in the North-west
parts: and many innumerable moe Worthies, whom all after-ages shall
eternize for their vertues, whose actions I leave to bee searched as
they are registred in the monuments of their praise-worthie proceedings.
The shining brightnesse of these (_Gentle Reader_) and such others, hath
so beamed a path way to all posteritie for imitation; as that the basest
minde that is, may bee induced to follow their foot-steppes. And for my
selfe, hauing from the source of that ever and over-flowing fountaine,
that was still a running to all, from our late Soveraigne of never-dying
memorie _King IAMES_ obtained a Patent of _Cape Briton_, which now, by
his Royall direction is intituled _New Galloway_ in _America_: I haue
resolved to follow the troden way of these others, whose happie successe
are so plainlie seene in such honorable designes.
And since I doe propone to my selfe the same ends, which are first for
the glorie of my great and mightie _GOD_; next the service of his M. my
dread Soveraigne, and my native Countrie; and last the particular weale,
and vtilitie of my selfe, and such as shall be generouslie disposed
adventurers with mee: Why shall it bee lawfull for others, and not for
mee: and not as possible and as commodious for mee, as vnto others of my
qualitie?
The chiefe (then) and the farthest poynt that my intention shall seeke
to arrive at; shall bee to remove that vnbeliefe, which is so grounded
in the mindes of men, to discredite most noble and profitable endevoures
with distrust: and, first, to shake off their colourable pretences of
ignorance, and then, if they will not be perswaded to make their
selfe-willes inexcusable; I shall make manifest the worthinesse of the
cause to the mindes of such as are desirous to bee settled in a
certaintie. As for my selfe, I doe giue trust to the relations of such,
whose wisdomes (I know) are not so shallow, as easilie bee deceiued of
others; nor consciences so wretched, as by pretences to deceive others;
and having the personall tryall of so honourable and sufficient
reporters, our owne Countrie-men, this naked contemplation, and idle
knowledge can not content mee: but knowing that the chiefe commendation
of vertue consisteth in action, I haue resolved a practise, and to trace
the footsteppes of those heroicke fore-runners, whose honourable actions
shall ever live vpon Earth; whiles their Soules live in glorie in the
Heavens, and shall increase heere, and multiplie; as their bodies in the
grave shall putrifie.
The inducements which hath incouraged mee to this enterprise, and to
spend my time, and best abilities in these adventures, I shall heere
sette brieflie downe without any inlargment of made wordes, but in
single speach, as best beseeming a simple meaning; Intreating thee
_(Courteous Reader)_ that thou would with an affectioned mind consider
these my subsequent motives, wherewith I haue beene induced my selfe:
ponder aright my endes: and then but weigh my willing and free Offers,
which I doe make for the weale and furtherance of so worthie a Worke.
Wee are not borne to our selves: but to help each others, and our
abilities and meanes are not much vnlike at the first houre of our
birth, and the last minute of our death: and it is our deedes good or
bad that all of vs haue to carrie vs to Heaven or Hell after this life.
While wee are therefore heere, let vs imitate the vertues, and glories
of our Predecessours, that heereafter worthilie wee may bee remembred as
their Successours,
FARE-WELL.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE MOTIVES,
which hath induced mee,
and may happilie encourage such as
_haue intention to bee Vnder-ta-_
kers with Mee in the plantation
_of New GALLOWAY in_
AMERICA.
MOTIVE I.
[Sidenote: _The first
motive._]
As the chiefe and primarie end of mans creation is the Worshippe of
_GOD_; so shall the first, and speciall motive of my proceeding be the
advancement of his Glorie, and that by the propagation of the Gospell of
_IESVS CHRIST_ amongst an Heathen people, where Christianitie hath not
beene knowne, nor the worshippe of the true _GOD_. Where can bee
selected a more excellent subject, than to cast downe the Altars of
Devills, and to raise vp the Altar of _CHRIST_: to forbidde the
Sacrifice of men, that they may offer vp the Sacrifices of contrite
Spirites.
Is it not a determined Trueth, that the Gospell of _Iesus Christ_ should
bee preached to all the Worlde (_Heaven and Earth shall passe away, but
_GODS_ Worde shall not passe away._) And is it not as certaine a
Conclusion amongst all the Divines, that these are the latter Dayes,
wherein we live, well knowne by the signes that were to come before,
sette downe by God himselfe in his sacred Worde, and for the most part
alreadie manifested? And hath not Gods all-seeing Providence begunne as
first by discoverie, and next by plantation of so hudge and so waste a
tract, more commonlie, than properlie called the New Worlde; vnknowne
but within this 60. yeeres, except by a glimpse, to make appeare the
progresse of his divine Providence, how hee will haue the seede of his
worke to be sowne amongst them; Then doth it not belonge vnto vs to
prosecute his worke; and as by merchandizing and trade wee buy at them
the pearles of the Earth; wee ought to communicate vnto them the pearles
of Heaven.
The time hath never beene so apparent as now, vnder our most gratious
and Soveraigne Lord, King _CHARLES_, whose generous and gratious
goodwill by encouragement to the same, hath manifested the same since
hee receaved the Crowne, to bee the selected instrument to atchieue it.
Then should not that Heroicke, and illustrious disposition in Him, whom
wee see so prompt to bee still in action, both incite, and invite to so
noble designes all such as would shunne the imputation of idlenesse to
imitate His foot-steppes.
Is it vnlawfull for vs to come to them? No; it is the duetie of
Christianitie in vs, to behold the imprinted foot-steppes of _GODS_
glorie in everie Region vnder Heaven; and to them, against the Law of
Nations, to violate a peaceable Stranger, or to deny vs harbour.
Is it vnlawfull for vs to trade with them? No, vnlesse _Salomon_ should
bee condemned of sending for Golde to _Ophir_; _Abraham_ for making a
league with _Abimelech_; and all Christendome for having commerce with
_Turkes_, and miscreants.
Nor neither is it vnlawfull that wee possesse part of their Lands, and
dwell with them, and defend our selves from them, because there is no
other moderate, and mixt course, to bring them to conversion, but by
daylie conversation, where wee may see the Life, and learne the
Languages each of others: and because there is rowme sufficient in the
Land, (as _Sichem_ said) for them, and vs; the extent of an 100. myles
beeing scarce peopled with 500 inhabitants: and chieflie because (as
_Pharaoh_ gaue _Goshen_, to _Israel_, ere _Ephron_ sold his caue to
_Abraham_) they have solde to our people their Lands for copper (which
they more esteme of, than money) to inherite and inhabite: as _Paspehay_
and _Powhatan_, two [of] there greatest Kinges to these our Colonies in
_Virginia_; and chieflie (as it is written by Captaine _Iohn Smith_, a
worthie actour in the businesse) when Captaine _Newport_ was desired by
_Powhatan_ at _Worowacomaco_, to come from _Iames_ towne in _Virginia_,
where hee was, as a place vnwholesome, and to take possession of another
whole Kingdome, which hee gave vnto him.
If any scrupulous conscience will impute, that yet wee can possesse no
further limites, than was alloted by composition, and that fortitude
without justice, is but the firebrand of iniquitie. Let him know that
_Plato_ defineth it to bee no injustice, to take a sword out of the hand
of a madde man. And Saint _Augustine_ hath allowed, for a lawfull
offensiue warre that revengeth injuries, and wherein the whole Divines
in _Europe_, although contraverting farre in other things, yet in this
they all agree, that it is lawfull. That the Church of _Rome_ allowe it.
The _Spaniard_, and _Portugalles_ large and ample territories and
kingdomes in the 15. Provinces of _Mexico_, _Nueua Hispanna_, _Nueua
Gallicia_, &c. beare witnesse. And for the Church of _England_, their
_Bermudos_, _Virginian_ and _New England_ conquesse and colonies affirme
it. And the Church of _Geneva_ in the yeere 1555. determined in a Synode
(where _Calvin_ was president) to send _Peter Rochier_, and _William
Quadrigarius_, vnder a French Captaine to _Brasilia_, althogh they were
supplanted by the Cardinall of _Loraine_, and the treacherie of their
false Captaine.
When therefore it is so sweete a smelling Sacrifice to propagate the
name of _Iesus Christ_: if wee haue any graine of faith or zeale in
Religion, let vs seeke to convert these poore Savages to knowe _Christ_,
and humanitie. Let Religion bee the first aime of our hopes, and other
thinges shall bee cast vnto vs. Our Names shall bee registred to
posteritie with a glorious Title; These are the men whom GOD hath raised
to augment the state of their Countrie, and to propagate the Gospell of
_Iesus Christ_.
The same GOD that hath ordained three Kingdomes vnder the Scepter of our
gratious King _CHARLES_, will not bee wanting to adde a fourth, if wee
would dissolve that frostie ycienesse which chilleth our zeale, and
maketh vs cold in the action.
MOTIVE II.
[Sidenote: _The second
motive._]
And next to the Worshippe of my GOD, is the service of my Prince, and
native Countrie: which is the second end that I haue propounded vnto my
selfe, by inlarging these Dominions whereof I am a Subject: a duetie
moste proper to all the true and loyall Lieges, whensoever by so lawfull
and easie meanes it may bee atchieved.
What is so truelie sutable with honour and honestie, as to gaine to our
native Mother-Countrie a Kingdome to attend her? Wherein can the taste
of true vertue, and magnanimitie bee more sweete and pleasant than in
planting, and building a foundation for thy posteritie; gotte from the
rude earth by Gods blessing, and thine owne industrie, without prejudice
to any? What more conducing to that mysticall bodie politicke, whereof
thou art a member, than for to finde imployment for those that are idle,
because they knowe not what to doe? Posteritie shall remember thee for
it, and remembring, ever honour that remembrance with praise.
Consider what was the beginninges, and endinges of the Monarchies of the
_Chaldeans_, the _Persians_, the _Græcians_ and the _Romans_, but this
one rule: what was it they would not doe for the Common-wealth or there
mother Citie? for example: _Rome_, what made her such a Monarchesse, but
only the adventures of her youthe, not in ryots at home, but in dangers
abroad? and their justice, and judgment, out of their own experience
when they grewe aged. What was their ruine and hurt, but this: their
excesse of idlenesse, want of experience, hypocriticall seeming
goodnesse, & growing onlie formall Temporists; so that what their
Predecessours gotte in many yeeres, they lost in few dayes: these by
their paines and laboures became Lordes of the Worlde, they by their
ease and vyces became slaves to their servants.
Then, who would live at home idle (or think in him selfe any worth to
live) onlie to eate, drinke, and sleepe, and so to die? or by consuming
that careleslie, which their predecessours hath got worthilie? or by
vsing that miserablie, that maintained vertue honestlie? or, for beeing
descended noblie, pyne with the vaine vaunt of Kinred in penurie? or (to
maintaine a sillie show of braverie) toyle out the heart, soule, and
time baselie, by shiftes, trickes, cardes, or dyce? or by relating newes
of others actions, sharke heere or there for a Dinner or Supper?
deceiving his friends by faire promises and dissimulation, in borrowing
where hee never intendeth to pay? offending the Lawes, surfeting with
excesse, burthening his Countrie, abusing himselfe, despairing in want,
and then cousening his kinred? although it is seene what honoures the
World hath yet, and what affluence of all things; for such as will
seeke, and worthilie deserue them. Heere were courses for Gentle-men,
(and such as would bee so reputed) more suting their qualities, than
begging from their Princes generous disposition the labours of his other
subjects.
It woulde bee a Historie of a large volume to recite the adventures of
the _Spaniards_ and _Portugalles_, their constant resolutions, with such
incomparable honour, so farre beyond beliefe in their discoveries, and
plantations, as may well condemne vs of too much imbecillitie, sloth,
and negligence. And yet the authours of these new inventions were helde
as ridiculous at that time: as now are others that doe but seeke to
imitate their vnparalelled vertues.
And though wee see daylie their mountaines of wealth (sprung from the
plants of their generous indevoures) yet is our incredulitie, and
vntowardnesse such, and so great, that either ignorantlie wee beleeve
nothing; or so curiouslie contest, to prevent wee know not what future
events; that so wee either neglect, or oppresse, or discourage both our
selves, and others, that might both as easilie and would as willinglie
attempt and embrace the like.
Who seeth not, what is the greatest good of the _Spaniard_, but these
newe conclusions, in searching these vnknowne partes of this vnknowne
Worlde: by which meanes hee diveth even into the verie secreetes of all
his Neighboures, and the most part of the Worlde.
And when the _Portugalles_ and _Spaniards_ had found the East and West
_Indies_, how manie did condemne themselves that did not accept of that
honest offer of noble _Columbus_, who vpon the neglect of _England_, to
whom it was first offered; brought them to it: perswading themselves the
Worlde had no such places, as they had found: and yet ever since wee
finde, they still haue found newe Lands, newe Nations, new trades, and
still daylie doe finde, both in _Asia_, _Africa_, _Terra incognita_, and
_America_: so that their is neither Souldiour, nor Mechanicke from the
Lord, to the begger, but these parts affoord them all employment, and
discharge their native Soyle of so manie thousands of all sorts, that
else by their sloath, pryde and imperfections, woulde longe ere this
haue troubled their neighboures, or haue eaten the pryde of _Spaine_ it
selfe.
And seeing further, for all they have, they cease not still to search
for that, which yet they neither haue, nor knowe not: it is strange that
wee shoulde bee so dull, as not maintaine that which wee haue, and
pursue that which wee knowe.
I am sure that manie would take it in an evill part to be abridged of
the titles and honours of their predecessours: when if but truelie they
would judge themselves: looke howe inferiour they are to their noble
vertues, so much they are vnworthie of their honours, and livings: which
never were ordained for showes and shadowes, to maintaine idlenesse and
sloath, but to make them more able to abound in honour by heroicall
deedes of action, judgement, pietie and vertue.
What was it they would not doe both in purse and person for the good of
the Common-weale? and may not this bee a motive for vs to set out such
as may bee spared of our kindred in such generous designes. Religion
aboue all things should move (especiallie the Cleargie) if wee were
religious, to showe our faith by our workes, in converting these poore
savages to the knowledge of GOD. Honour might move the Gentrie, valiant
and industrious; the hope and assurance of wealth, all: if wee were
such, as wee would seeme, and desire to bee accompted.
Or bee wee so farre inferiour to other Nations, or our Spirites so farre
dejected from our ancient Predecessoures or our minds so vpon spoyle,
pyracie, or other villanie, as to serve the _Portugale_, _Spaniard_,
_Dutch_, _French_, or _Turk_, (as to the great hurte of _Europe_ too
manie doe) rather than our GOD, our King, our Countrie, and our selves?
excusing our idlenesse, and our base complaints by want of imployment?
when heere is such choyce of all sortes, and for all degrees in this
plantation.
So let these answere such questionlesse questions, that keepe vs backe
from imitating the worthinesse of their brave spirits, that advanced
themselves from poore Souldiers, to great Captaines, their posteritie to
great Lords, their King to bee one of the greatest Potentates on Earth,
and the fruits of their labours, his greatest glorie, power, riches and
renowne.
MOTIVE III.
[Sidenote: _The third
motive._]
And as I haue spoken of two principall causes that hath induced me; The
third of my ends may happilie bee no lesse forcible to encourage all
such, whose education, spirits and judgments, wants but onlie the purse
to prosecute the same with mee, and that is the private and particulare
gaine, that may bee got by so lawfull and easie meanes: whereof it is
more than admirable, that such should either bee so wilfullie ignorant,
or so negligently carelesse as not to be moved to imbrace, and
speciallie, such imployment as may search out commodities, to live
happilie, plentifullie, and at ease.
Ought not everie man to regard, aswell to inlarge his patrimonie, as
that hee bee not chargeable to others, so farre as hee may by his vertue
and industrie, in a lawfull and honest manner attaine vnto. Is not a
lawfull search for such commodities, to bee preferred to an idle
sloathfulnesse? and an honorable policie in a lawfull plantation abroad,
before vnlawfull monopolies, and wrangling suites of Law, by neighbour
against neighbour at home, impoverishing thy selfe, and thy native
Countrie, whereof thou oughtest to bee a more profitable member?
May not the fortunate successe of the plantation of _Ireland_, so fresh
and recent to all, whence so great commodities are brought both to
_England_ and _Scotland_, and whereby the Countrie it selfe is enriched,
and wee so benefited, bee inticements to induce vs to the like. The
venturous, and generous Spirites of resolute Gentlemen, vnder-takers of
this plantation, haue raised their fortunes worthie of honour; and by
his Majesties favour, their vertues rewarded with the titles of Earles,
Vice-Countes Lords, Barronets, and Knights, according to their
qualities, and his Majesties pleasure. The meaner sort, such as
artisanes, labourers of the ground, the greater part whereof, were
knowne to haue scarce a competent meanes to defraye the charges of their
passage thither, now promoted to bee Gentlemen, and of great meanes. And
why may not time produce as great effects to vertue, in others who shall
follow her pathes with resolution: where as good occasions are offered,
in a climate more temperate, a Soyle more fertile, and farre exceeding
in greater commodities?
And last, to shake off the difficulties, and impedimentes that may bee
objected: as the dangerousnesse of Sea, the barrennesse of the Soyle,
and the vnwholesomenesse of the climate; all which discouragements might
astonishe some with feare, and to thinke our expensses, and paines
vnprofitable; when as our endes shall bee vnpossible. I haue therefore
heere taken a view that you may generallie knowe and learne, what the
Countrie is, and her commodities: the temperature of the climate: nature
of the natives: and the easinesse of the passage; all which I shall
briefly runne over; only to remove from before your feete the stumbling
blocks of impossibilitie that may affright vs.
The Countrie it is called by the name of Cape Briton, now _New
Galloway_: new, not in respect of the discoverie thereof, which to the
judgment of men of knowledge and vnderstanding is not new, but old; for
the much hath been written thereof, yet new, not olde, because of our
new vndertaking of that plantation. It is situated betwixt the degrees
of 45. and 57. an Yland within the Sea, but vpon the maine, severed by
the distance of foure leagues in some parts, of two or three at other
parts: and at others, lesse.
The Yland is in length some 120. myles, and in breadth 80. myles or
thereby: standing South-east, and North-west to _New Scotland_; vvhere
the great river _Canada_ ingorgeth her selfe in the maine Ocean.
Harbours there bee exceeding good on all sides, in most part vvhereof
are ancorage for shippes of all burthen. Yles there be about over-grovvn
vvith good timber of diverse sorts of vvood; all as yet not discovered
except the Yle _Sablon_, vvhich is full of vvoodes and vvilde beastes,
but vvithout any people. The Land is vvatered by foure maine rivers,
full of Salmond, and diverse other sortes of fishes. It hath plentie of
springes of svveete vvaters. Tovvards the North-east, _Mountanous_: and
tovvard the South-west _Caimpainge_: promising as rich entralles as anie
other Kingdome to whom the Sunne is no nearer neighbour. The ground in
it self so fertile and good as may equalize any of the Kingdomes that
lyeth in the hight of 45. 46. 47. Onlie this advantage I find in nature,
that they haue above this: they are bewtified by the long labour &
diligence of industrious people & airt: & this is only as God made it,
when he created the world, vncultured, planted & manured by men of
industry, judgment & experience.
The commodities which we shal reape from thence shall be great, for the
Sea shall sweeten our labours with her benefites, as the Land, and the
Land aswell as the Sea. The Sea shall reach vs vp her Whale, her turbot,
her sturgion, cod, haddocke, small ling, makkerell, herring, mullet,
pearch, Eele, crab, lobster, muskle, wilk, oyster, and infinite others.
Fish is the maine Staple, from whence is to be extracted, a present
commoditie to produce the rest: which howsoever it may seeme meane and
base, yet it is the Myne, and the Sea is the source of these silvered
streames of all these vertues, which hath made the _Hollanders_, the
miracle of industrie, & patterne of perfection for these affaires: and
the benefite of fishing, is that _Primum mobile_ that turneth all their
Spheare to this hight of plentie, strength, honour, and admiration.
The ground it will yeeld vs an admired varietie; some wee shall haue
that are merchantable, which, by the serving for ordinarie necessars of
the planters & inhabitantes, may yeeld a superplus sufficient, by way of
traffick and exchange with other nations, to enriche our selves the
provyders; such as flaxe, hempe, which the Soyle doth yeeld of it self
not planted. For pitch, tarre, rozen and turpentine, there bee these
kind of trees there, which yeeld them aboundantlie. Sassafras, called by
the natives, winauk, a kind of wood of sweet smell, and of rare vertues
in Physick. The Vine, it groweth there wild. Oyle there may be there of
two sortes: one of walnuts; and another of berries, like the ackornes
which the natives vse. Furres of manie and diverse kinds; such as the
marterne, the otter, the black foxe, the luzernes, Deere skins, bevers,
wildcat, and manie others. Sweet gummes of diverse kinds, and many other
Apothecarie drugges. Dyes of diverse sortes: such as shoemake, for
blacke: the seede of an hearbe called vasebur, and a litle small roote
called chappacor, for red: & for blew, the herbe woad, a thing of great
vent and vse at home for Dyers, and many other commodities merchantable,
which by planting may be raised.
Other commodities there are, which the ground doth yeeld vs for victuall
and sustenance of mans life, and vsuallie fedde vpon by the naturall
inhabitants: for it is knowne to bee so fertile, as without question
capable of producing of any graine, fruite, or roote, or seede you will
sowe, or plant, growing in any other region of the same hight. The
graines are maze, which we call Guinie wheat, according to the countrie
from whence the like hath beene brought, and this graine is much about
the bignesse of our ordinarie pease. There is also beanes, called of the
natives Oknigier: and pease called by them, Wickonzour. They haue
pompions, millons, and gourds, and an herbe called melden, growing
foure, or five foote high, of the seede they make a thicke broth, and
potage of a good taste, and of the stalke, by burning it in ashes they
make a kinde of salt earth, wherewith they season their brothes, other
salt they know not. They haue the hearbe Tobacco, called by the natives
Vppowoc, in great plentie. Fruites they haue of sundrie sorts: as
ches-nuts, walnutes, grapes, medlars, mulberries, goose-berries,
respices, straw-berries, plummes, currans, or a fruite like currans.
Rootes they haue of diverse kindes; Openauk, a kinde of roote, of a
round forme and bignesse of walnuts, which beeing boyled or sodden, are
verie goode meate: Okeepauke, another roote found in drye ground, which
they eate with fishe or flesh: Tsinaw, a roote like the china-roote,
growing together in clusters, of this roote they make bread. Of beasts;
they haue Deere red, and fallow, conies, blacke foxes, and others,
bevers, beares, wildecats, otters, marternes, luzernes, allanes, wolves,
squirells, and a beast called Moos, bigger than a Stagge. For fowle they
haue the turkie, the goose, the ducke, the skeldrake, the cran, the
teale, Eagles, Falcons, marlin-hawkes.
And finallie are those other commodities, as are behovefull for those,
which shall plant and inhabite to know of: such as oakes, ashe, elme,
firre, the pine, and ascopo: which is a kinde of tree like the Laurell,
the barke whereof, is hotte in taste, and spycie: hazell, plume-tree,
walnut-tree, chesnut-tree, and manie others, which I omitt to rehearse.
For to make mention of the severall beastes, birdes, fishes, fruites,
flowres, gummes, rootes, sweete woodes, trees, hearbs, and others
commodities, wherewith the ground is so naturallie, and so plentifullie
enriched, and stored withall; I should fill vp Decads: but referring
these to the relations of such as hath fullie collected the varieties of
them, I come to the temperature of the climat.
The nature of the Climate wee maye easilie conclude from the hight
whereinto it is situated; beeing in the 45. 46. and 47. which is as
temperate, and as fruitfull as anie other paralell in the World; and
answerable to these fruitfull partes in _France_, which are accompted
the garden of _Europe_; _Poictou_, and _Anjou_: and where is that famous
river of _Loyre_, adorned with so manie faire, so ancient, and populous
Cities: and manie other notable, and famous Kingdomes: as you maye looke
in the vniversall Mappe, because I meane not to bee tedious: and so
having there such excellent temperature of the aire at all seasons, much
warmer than heere, and never so vehementlie hotte as it is vnder, and
betwixt the Tropicks, or neere them, wee neede not thinke of
vnwholesomenesse.
And now for the Passage: Is not the navigation knowne to bee short, as
sufficientlie experimented to have beene performed with an ordinarie
winde in eighteene dayes, and in as much backe againe? how manie
_Dutch_, _English_ and _French_ goe yeerelie there for fishing on the
coaste, and backe againe to their great commodities and profite: and by
the waye wee neither shall haue lee shoare, enemies, coast, rocke, nor
sands, all which in other voyages and in our coastings at home wee are
subject vnto.
And now last, it resteth I speake a worde of the nature of the People,
in so farre as you maye knowe, how litle they are to bee feared, in
respect of troubling our inhabiting and planting.
They are a people so fewe, so poore, so base, so incivile, and so
savage, as wanting both multitude, power, or airte to harme vs. They are
cloathed with loose mantles, made of Deere skinnes, casten rounde about
their middles, the rest of their bodie all naked, of such stature onelie
as wee are heere, having no edge tooles, nor weapons of yron, nor steele
to offende vs, neither knowe they how to make anie, nor howe to vse
them.
These weapons which they have, are onelie Bowes made of Hazell, and
arrowes of reedes: flat edged truncheons also of vvood, about a yarde
long: neither haue they anie thing to defende themselves, but targes
made of barkes, and some armour made of stickes vvickered together vvith
threed. In number they are verie fewe, in twentie myles, scarce
threescore people. Townes in the countrie are verie rare, and small:
containing fewe inhabitants: and hee is a Viroan, or great Lord, that
hath the government of one towne. There houses are litle, made of small
poles, and fast at the toppes in round forme, in moste parte covered
with barkes. If there shoulde fall out anie Warres betwixt vs and them,
what fight coulde there bee, wee having advantages against them, so
manie manner of wayes: it maye bee easilie imagined, by our discipline,
our strange weapons, especiallie, our Ordinance great, and small. And by
the experience that others hath had of them there, in places more
populous than this of ours where the taking of them-selves to their
heeles, was their best defence against them.
So seeing you maye perceive, what the Countrie is, and how situated: the
aire how temperate, and wholesome? the Soyle how fertile, and what
affluence it doeth yeelde of commoditie? the natives how both so fewe,
and so harmelesse? and the passage, howe so easie, and so frequentlie
experimented? I hope there remaineth no cause whereby the action should
bee misliked.
Thus referring my relation to your favourable con-
structions: the successe of the action to Him, who is to
bee acknowledged the Author and Governour, not onlie
of this, but of all thinges else: and these my subsequent
Offers, which I have freelie, and willinglie
granted, as helpes, and furtherances for
your encouragement to so good a
Worke; yee maye pervse, and
onelie imbrace as you shall
thinke your selves
disposed.
* *
*
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Illustration: A family crest with two figures around a knight’s head,
with the motto Dread God and the date 1625.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE OFFERS
to bee granted to the
Adventurers in the new plantation of
_CAPE BRITON_, now _called_
by the name of _New Galloway_
in AMERICA,
_BY_
LOCHINVAR.
ARTICLE I.
For Ministers.
That the blessing of GOD may accompanie vs in our indevoures; without
whose gratious, and mercifull assistance, wee can not have happie, nor
prosperous successe in our affaires. For the Ministers of the Worde of
God; such as shall bee the factours of _CHRIST_ for the gaine of Soules:
and to propagate his Trueth: and enlighten those that are captivate in
Ethnicke darknesse: and for the vse, and exercise of true Religion
amongest our selves; I doe willinglie, and freelie graunt and offer as
followeth,
1. Their passage from _Scotland_ vnto the said Land of _New
Galloway_ shall be free vnto them, without payment of any
fraught, either for themselves, their wiues, and children, if
they anie haue, and their necessare houshold stuffe: which all
shall bee transported thither vnto them, into mine owne Shippes,
and vpon mine owne charges.
2. They shall haue their entertainment of mee, their wiues, and
children as saide is, in their whole passage on the waye
thither.
3. For their maintenance, and their foresaids beeing there: I shall
giue them entertainment for the space of the first three yeeres,
induring the infancie of our Church there: and howe soone it
shall please GOD that our number bee increased, that our
Companies maye bee divided in Paroches, that then a competent
meanes shall be alloted vnto each Minister in his severall
charge, as shall bee found expedient for their places.
4. For their assistance in such things as belongeth vnto them in
their callings: I shall haue a speciall care to see, that such
reverence, and respect be had vnto them, as appertaineth vnto
their place and calling: and shall see such goode order, as by
them shall bee sette downe for reformation of life, and manners,
duelie obeyed and performed, by causing the transgressours, and
contemners of the same bee severelie punished.
ARTICLE II.
That everie one of such as shall be vndertakers, shall giue his oath of
alledgeance: and shall all conforme themselves in Religion, according to
his Majesties Lawes, and manner professed within the Kingdome of
_Scotland_.
ARTICLE III.
For Gentlemen, and others vndertakers: what I
_shall bee obliged to performe vnto them_.
Item, for the helpes, and furtherances of so generous, and well-disposed
vndertakers as shall willinglie vnder-goe the hazard, and imbrace the
enterpryse: I shall performe the particulars in everie point vnto them,
as followeth,
1. For their passages: everie vnder-taker shall bee transported,
himselfe, his wife, children, & servants, his whole houshold
stuffe, and their provision of victualles for their
intertainment, such as meale, malt, beefe, &c. and such as they
shall please to provide to sustaine them for a whole yeere:
Together with as much cornes, as they shall bee able to sowe
vpon their Lands, the first yeere: and that all, and together
passage free, into mine Shippes, from _Scotland_ vnto the said
countrie of _New Galloway_.
2. Beeing thither by _GODS_ mercifull assistance, and providence
transported, to bee established and placed in the Land: each man
according to his qualitie, as followeth: The landed Gentleman
vndertaker, shall haue his Landes granted vnto him in fee, and
heritage to himselfe, and his successours for ever, to bee
holden of mee, my heires, and successoures in _New Galloway_, in
manner as they holde their Lands in _Scotland_ of our Soveraigne
Lord, the King his Majestie, either by feaw, wairde, or blansh,
and shall grant the same vnto them in quantitie, according to
everie one of their qualities and meanes. And for tennants, and
farmorers, their landes shall bee granted vnto them in Lace,
everie one of them to have three Life-rents, and a nyneteene
yeere Tacke thereafter, conforme to their power, and meanes, and
performance of the conditions of the rent after mentioned.
3. And further more that their helpes, and furtherances maye haue a
competent time to establishe them-selves in their estates, and
that their meanes may the better increase: each vndertaker of
the plantation of _New Galloway_ shall bee free from the payment
of any duetie for his Landes, for all and whole the space of the
first three yeeres.
4. For their assurance of a securitie, and peaceable quietnesse in
the possession of their Landes in _New Galloway_, whereof they
bee vndertakers: I shall finde sufficient caution, and suretie
vnto each one of them within the Shyre where hee dwelleth in
_Scotland_, that whatsoever his goods or geare thither
transported, and placed vpon the ground of the saids Landes,
shall bee taken from him by violence, of the natives, or
forraine Nations, that the double thereof shall bee payed and
refounded againe vnto him in _Scotland_, or to his heires,
executours, or assignayes.
5. And for artisanes and craftes-men, such as Taylors, Shoe-makers,
Smyths, Wrights, Websters, Wakers, Millers, &c. their passages
shall bee made free vnto them without the payment of anie
fraught; and likewise the rents of their lands shall bee free
vnto them, induring their owne lifetimes: and for their
successours, they shall bee kept in the case, and estate of
tenants and farmorers, and shall haue their Laces of their Lands
granted vnto them, as is set downe in the Article for Tennants.
ARTICLE IIII.
What the Vnder-takers shall performe vnto mee.
For the whole duetie of my Landes, charges, and expensses to [be]
bestowed by mee in my shipping and other provision: I shall bee
contented to receive from everie one of the said vndertakers, the
thirteenth parte of that increase, and commoditie, which their Lands
shall bee made worthie vnto them in the said plantation: And that I
shall not require to bee payed vnto mee in moneyes, but only in such
commodities, as the Soyle shall affoord: such as cornes, fishes, furres,
&c.
And last, I desire that all such, as shall imbrace the foresaids offers,
may come vnto mee before the first day of December next, and give vp
their names, and a note of such things as they desire to bee carried
with them, whereby I may provide for them, conforme to my preceeding
offers, and they received everie one, and placed according to the order
as they first come: so that all thinges may bee duelie provyded, and had
in readinesse against the due time and season of setting out.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCLVSION.
And thus (_Right Noble, and worthie Countrie-men_) have I vnfolded the
reasons of my resolution to vndertake this enterpryse, which if I hadde
not thought to be both Christian, honorable, honest, easie, and
profitable; I should never have attempted. And I have further for the
encouragement of all such as are well-willers vnto the Worke, made offer
of such helps, and furtherances as may testifie my willingnesse to
prosecute the same. Desiring yet againe all noble and generouslie
well-disposed Gentlemen, to consider with mee, onelie our estates in
these dayes, and how wee stand in our families, from the greatest, to
the smallest: and compare them with our Predecessours, who did keepe
great honour, credite, and estimation; which in so great a measure is
decayed, and diminished in vs. Now let vs compare our selves with
Citizens now, whose credite wee see doeth surpasse ours, although wee
bee above them, both in qualitie and richesse. Whence is this woorth of
theirs, but from their industrie, and trueth; which beareth them out
both to this credite, and respect, aswell at home, as abroad?
Were it not (then) better in these our dayes for vs to imitate the
foot-steppes of vertue in the _Italians_, that thinketh it neither
dishonourable, nor disparagement vnto their greatest Princes, their
Dukes, Marquesses, and Countes, to make themselves great, and get their
patrimonies inlarged by their hazards at Sea? It is their glorie to bee
vertuous; and may condemne our dissolutions and idlenesse, that may as
easilie bee great, by such honest and honourable endevoures.
But yet let vs come a litle nearer vnto our selves; and see the
distresses aswell amongst the great, as the small, throughout the whole
Kingdome: and what increase there is of debts amongst vs in these dayes,
never heard of before amongst our Predecessoures, wee shall finde, that
if wee followe not some other industrious manner of waye, to relieve
them, then by menaging, in whatsome-ever, and best forme wee can, our
revenues, that they shall never bee relieved.
There are three thinges that troubleth our estates that wee cannot live
as our Predecessoures did before vs: First, the prodigalitie, both in
our selves, our servants, and our houses. Secondlie, wee have not such
occasions, and vses at home for the Brethren, and second sonnes of our
houses to get them preferment as of old. Thirdlie, that vniversall
plague of Cautionarie, throughout the whole Kingdome, whereby their is
such a generall intercourse of distresse, each one for another, as all
are linked into it: which all in following out such honorable, and
honest indevoures abroad might bee remedied. I speake not of the
favoured Courteour, nor of the fortunate States-man, for they have their
owne blessinges from GOD, and favour of their Master in their severall
places: but vnto such, my noble friends, and Countrie-gentlemen, such as
my selfe is, and so distressed as I am; and speaking out of mine owne
experience; protesting that cautionarie hath beene vnto me; vpon mine
honour, and credite, the value of an Hundreth thousand pounds; which any
imployment abroad, either in the service of my King, or my Countrie,
might haue spared vnto me, and bettered the estate of mine House.
Neither doe I speake so farre of my selfe, for want of abilitie to doe
mine owne businesse, which I praise GOD is knowne to such, as knowe my
selfe: but to giue everie man a sense, and feeling out of mine owne
experience, howe I see the estate of the Kingdome.
Then (Worthie Countriemen) let vs lay these two things in the ballance,
and judge vpon them: whether it is better for vs to goe there, where we
may haue to live in a fruitfull Soyle, and wholesome, in all commodities
abounding to our contentments, beeing onlie a litle industrious and
painefull: than to live heere at home as Runnagates, vnanswerable to
_GOD_, the King, the Lawes, to all reason, and conscience: to bee
captivate as slaves, and cast in loathsome Prisons, to satisfie with our
persons, when our goods hath failed vs: and especiallie, when wee haue
wronged our best and kindest friendes, who out of their loves hath
engaged themselves, to be distressed, and imprisoned for vs? which
shoulde bee a greater griefe vnto vs, than our owne imprisonments.
And then shall wee disdaine Plantation: which to enterprise is so
honourable; to prosecute so possible: to purchase so lawfull, and when
attained, so profitable? No, whosoever shall reason against the same,
especially such as are in distresse, may well bee reputed, either the
Bastard of generositie, or the nursling of simplicitie, or the abject of
frugalitie: and shall either become for ever, the prostitute of infamie,
or consecrated to perpetuall oblivion: and when hee is dead, his
actions, his meanes, his name and all, shall die with himselfe; and if
hee shall ever happen to bee remembred, that remembrance shall onelie
bee in ignominie, as the Wretch of his Countrie, the Curse of his
Kinred: and an vnthrift for himselfe.
But I speake not to such a crew, whose basenesse I knowe cannot climbe
to surmount the meanest imagined difficultie, that may arise. I speake
to such noble Spirites and generous mindes, in whom doeth shine the
light of knowledge to discerne the differences between a base securitie
and honourable actions, vice and vertue, stupiditie, and true worth: and
who in end shall not misse to rejoyce in the enjoying the fruits of
their labours in themselves, and their names to bee honoured with a
perpetuall remembrance.
And if wee would studie to bee remembred in our posterities, heere is
offered the occasion to insert vs in the bookes of memorie: for if wee
would portion our second children in a plantation, and such as in nature
wee are bound to helpe, and advance: both shall wee bee remembred in
their ever-living successions, throughout all ensueing ages: and they
provyded in a competent beeing and meanes for them-selves, and theirs,
and to bee thereafter proffitable for their King and Countrie: which is
better, than either to be kept at home baselie, & short of that which is
beseeming their birth, and qualitie: or to bee sent to the service of
the Warres of forraine Princes, and to be cutted away by the sword, and
then never more againe remembred: and for so small meanes, as thereby
yee can furnish themselves both in rayment, and foode.
Imbrace then the honours of Plantation. Doe wee dreame of difficulties?
then knowe; that it is out of the greatest difficulties, that spring the
greatest honours: & it is that Knight-hood, which is gotten vnder the
banner of a King, and in the Fieldes which is most honourable; and not
that, which wee acquire by our moneyes; as the most part is now a-dayes.
And that our actions may both renowne vs, and beget vs moneyes, wee may
see in the examples that I haue sette before your eyes, both of forraine
nations, and of our own Countriemen, in their late plantations of
_Ireland_, their estates now, their dignities, their honours, their
credite, and their riches: and what they were knowne to haue beene
before.
But these I leave to your judgments: onelie now, to make an end, I must
entreate thee (_Noble and courteous Reader_) to excuse my freenesse in
this my homelie discourse, which I perswade my selfe the generous minde
will allowe of: and for the base, the simple and the vitious; I doe not
care for their censure, onelie I wishe it were a spurre to drawe them to
more vertue. As for the rudenesse of my speach, I hope none will except,
wherein I professe no airt, if simplie I publish my good meaning and
earnest affection to so goode a Worke. And wherein their is defect in
mee, I hope the purpose shall bee better inlarged by him, whose Pen is
more than knowne to bee famous, the principall Actor in the businesse,
and to whom I principallie dedicate this my treatise: and to bee seconded
by the vertues of these the Noblemen, and these worthilie honoured
Gentle-men, the Knights Baronets, Vnder-takers of so faire designes: so
that nowe I cease with my penne, but never
with my Sword to doe them service for
the advancement of so good a Worke.
* * *
* *
*
FINIS.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transcriber’s Notes
This file uses _underscores_ to indicate emphasis, represented in the
original text as (1) italic text used as emphasis in otherwise upright
text; (2) upright (non-italic) text used as emphasis in blocks of
otherwise italicised text; or (3) Capitalized text, additionally
emphasized by the use of extra space between the letters (sperren or
gesperrt). The long “s” used in the printed text has been changed to the
standard modern English “s”. New original cover art included with this
ebook is granted to the public domain.
The following changes and corrections have been made:
• The Epistle: Replaced “of ver” with “over” in phrase “scattering as
manie Colonies over the face of the Earth.”
• Motive II: Replaced “themsolves” with “themselves” in phrase “that
advanced themselves from poore Souldiers, to great Captaines.”
• Motive III: Supplied letters “pl” missing or misprinted from the word
“planting” in phrase “which by planting may be raised.”
• Motive III: Supplied word “a” missing or misprinted from the phrase
“and a beast called Moos, bigger than a Stagge.”
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