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Title: Soldier Silhouettes on our Front
Author: William L. Stidger
Release Date: March 30, 2006 [eBook #18078]
Language: English
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SOLDIER SILHOUETTES ON OUR FRONT
by
WILLIAM L. STIDGER
Y. M. C. A. Worker with the A. E. F.
Illustrated by Jessie Gillespie
[Frontispiece: "Traveller, hast thou ever seen so great a grief as
mine?"]
New York
Charles Scribner's Sons
1918
Copyright, 1918, by Charles Scribner's Sons
Published October, 1918
TO
DOCTOR ROBERT FREEMAN
PIONEER RELIGIOUS WORK DIRECTOR
OF THE Y. M. C. A.
AND THE HUNDREDS OF PREACHER-SECRETARIES
WHO ARE SERVING SO BRAVELY AND EFFICIENTLY
ON THE CRUSADE OF SERVICE IN FRANCE
AND TO THE CHURCHES THAT SENT THEM
FOREWORD
Some human experiences that one has in France stand out like the
silhouettes of mountain peaks against a crimson sunset. I have tried
in this book to set down some of those experiences. I have had but one
object in so doing, and that object has been to give the father and
mother, the brother and sister, the wife and child and friend of the
boys "Over There" an accurate heart-picture. I have not attempted the
too great task of showing the soul of the soldier, although I have
tried to picture him at some of his great moments when he forgets
himself and rises to glorious heights, just as he might do at home if
the opportunity called.
I have tried to show his experiences on the transports, when he lands
in France, his welcome there, the reactions of the trench life;
something of his self-sacrifice, his willingness to serve even unto the
end; his courage, his sunshine. I have also given some other pictures
of France that aim to show his heart-relations to his allies and to the
folks at home.
If I have done this, sufficient shall be my reward.
CONTENTS
I. SILHOUETTES OF SONG
II. SHIP SILHOUETTES
III. SILHOUETTES OF SACRIFICE
IV. SILHOUETTES SPIRITUAL
V. SILHOUETTES OF SACRILEGE
VI. SILHOUETTES OF SILENCE
VII. SILHOUETTES OF SERVICE
VIII. SILHOUETTES OF SORROW
IX. SILHOUETTES OF SUFFERING
X. SOLDIER SILHOUETTES
XI. SKY SILHOUETTES
XII. THE LIGHTS OF WAR
XIII. SILHOUETTES OF SUNSHINE
ILLUSTRATIONS
"_Traveller, hast thou ever seen so great a grief as
mine?_" . . . . . . _Frontispiece_
"_What are those dots on the sun?" Doctor Freeman
shouted to me_
_The upturned roots of an old tree were just in front_
"_The last seen of Dale he was gathering together a
crowd of little children_"
"_The boys call her 'The Woman with Sandwiches
and Sympathy'_"
_What was the difference? He had gotten a letter_
_One night I had the privilege of seeing a plane caught
by the search-light_
_The air-raid had not dampened her sense of humor_
I
SILHOUETTES OF SONG
The great transport was cutting its sturdy way through three dangers:
the submarine zone, a terrific storm beating from the west against its
prow, and a night as dark as Erebus because of the storm, with no
lights showing.
I had the midnight-to-four-o'clock-in-the-morning "watch" and on this
night I was on the "aft fire-control." Below me on the aft gun-deck,
as the rain pounded, the wind howled, and the ship lurched to and fro,
I could see the bulky forms of the boy gunners. There were two to each
gun, two standing by, with telephone pieces to their ears, and six
sleeping on the deck, ready for any emergency. The greatcoats made
them look like gaunt men of the sea as they huddled against their guns,
watching, waiting. I wondered what they could see in that impenetrable
darkness, if a U-boat could even survive in that storm; but Uncle Sam
never sleeps in these days, and this transport was especially worth
watching, for it carried a precious cargo of wounded officers and men
back to the homeland, west bound.
For an hour I had heard no sound from the boys on the gun-deck below
me. When I was on watch in the daylight I knew them to be just a great
crowd of fine, buoyant, happy American lads, full of pranks and play
and laughter, but they were strangely silent to-night as the ship
ploughed through the storm. The storm seemed to have made men of them.
They were just boys, but American boys in these days become men
overnight, and acquit themselves like men.
I watched their silent forms below me with a great feeling of
wonderment and pride. The ship lurched as it swung in its zigzag
course. Then suddenly I heard a sweet sound coming from one of the
boys below me. I think that it was big, raw-boned "Montana" who
started it. It was low at first and, with the storm and the vibrations
of the ship, I could not catch the words. The music was strangely
familiar to me. Then the boy on the port gun beside "Montana" took the
old hymn up, and then the two reserve gunners who were standing by, and
then the gunners on the starboard side, and I caught the old words of:
"Jesus, Saviour, pilot me
Over life's tempestuous sea;
Unknown waves before me roll
Hiding rock and treacherous shoal;
Chart and compass came from Thee;
Jesus, Saviour, pilot me."
Above the creaking and the vibrations of the great ship, above the
beating of the storm, the gunners on the deck below, all unconsciously,
in that storm-tossed night were singing the old hymn of their memories,
and I think that I never heard that wonderful hymn when it sounded
sweeter to me than it did then, as the second verse came sweetly from
the lips and hearts of those gunners:
"As a mother stills her child
Thou canst hush the ocean wild;
Boistrous waves obey Thy will
When Thou sayst to them, 'Be still.'
Wondrous Sovereign of the sea,
Jesus, Saviour, pilot me."
We hear a good deal of how our boys sing "Hail! Hail! The Gang's All
Here" and "Where Do We Go From Here, Boys?" as a ship is sinking. I
know American soldiers pretty well. I do not know what they sang when
the _Tuscania_ went down, but I am glad to add my picture to the other
and to say that I for one heard a crowd of American gunners singing
"Jesus, Saviour, Pilot Me Over Life's Tempestuous Sea." The mothers
and fathers of America must know that the average American boy will
have the lighter songs at the end of his lips, but buried down deep in
his heart there is a feeling of reverence for the old hymns, and
whether he sings them aloud or not they are there singing in his heart;
and sometimes, under circumstances such as I have described, he sings
them aloud in the darkness and the storm.
If you do not believe this because you have been told so often by
magazine correspondents, who see only the surface things, that all the
boys sing is ragtime, let Bishop McConnell, of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, tell you of that Sunday evening when, at the invitation of
General Byng, he addressed, under the auspices of the Y. M. C. A., a
great regiment of the Scottish Guards. That night, in a
shell-destroyed stone theatre, he spoke to them on "How Men Die." In a
week from that night more than two-thirds of them had been killed.
When Bishop McConnell asked them what they would like to sing, this
great crowd of sturdy, bare-kneed soldiers of democracy, who had borne
the brunt of battle for three years, asked for "O God, Our Help in Ages
Past."
Yes, I know that the boys sing the rag-time, but this must not be the
only side of the picture. They sing the old hymns, too, and memories
of nights "down the line," when I have heard them in small groups and
in great crowds singing the old, old hymns of the church, have burned
their silhouettes into my memory never to die.
One night I remember being stopped by a sentry at "Dead Man's Curve,"
because the Boche was shelling the curve that night, and we had to stop
until he "laid off," as the sentry told us. Between shells there was a
great stillness on the white road that lay like a silver thread under
the moonlight. The shattered stone buildings, with a great cathedral
tower standing like a gaunt ghost above the ruins, were tragically
beautiful under that mellow light. One almost forgot there was war
under the charm of that scene until "plunk! plunk! plunk!" the big
shells fell from time to time. But the thing that impressed me most
that waiting hour was not the beauty of the village under the
moonlight, but the fact that the lone sentry who had stopped us, and
who amid the shelling stood silently, was unconsciously singing an old
hymn of the church, "Rock of Ages, Cleft for Me." I got down from my
truck and walked over to where he was standing.
"Great old hymn, isn't it, lad?"
"I'll say so," was his laconic reply.
"Belong to some church back home?" I asked him.
"Folks do; Presbyterians," he replied.
"Like the old hymns?" I asked.
"Yes, it seems like home to sing 'em."
I didn't get to talk with him for a few minutes, for he had to stop
another truck. Then he came back.
"Folks at home, Sis and Bill and the kid, mother and father, used to
gather around the piano every Sunday evening and sing 'em. Didn't
think much of them then, but liked to sing. But they mean a lot to me
over here, especially when I'm on guard at nights on this 'Dead Man's
Curve.' Seems like they make me stronger." As I walked away I still
heard him humming "Rock of Ages, Cleft for Me."
One of the most vivid song silhouettes that I remember is that of a
great crowd of negroes singing in a Y. M. C. A. hut. There must have
been a thousand of them. I was to speak to them on "Lincoln Day." I
remember how their white teeth shone through the semidarkness of that
candle-lighted hut, and how their eyes gleamed, and how their bodies
swayed as they sang the old plantation melodies.
The first song startled me with the universality of its simple
expression. It was an adaptation of that old melody which the negroes
have sung for years, "It's the Old-Time Religion."
A boy down front led the singing. A curt "Sam, set up a tune," from
the Tuskegee colored secretary started it.
This boy sat with his back to the audience. He didn't even turn around
to face them. Low and sweetly he started singing. You could hardly
hear him at first. Then a few boys near him took up the music. Then a
few more. Then it gradually swept back over that crowd of men until
every single negro was swaying to that simple music, and then it was
that I caught the almost startlingly appropriate words:
"It is good for a world in trouble;
It is good for a world in trouble;
It is good for a world in trouble;
And it's good enough for me.
It's the old-time religion;
It's the old-time religion;
It's the old-time religion;
And it's good enough for me.
It was good for my old mother;
It was good for my old mother;
It was good for my old mother;
And it's good enough for me."
Then much to my astonishment they did something that I have since
learned is the very way that these songs grew from the beginning. They
extemporized a verse for the day, and they did it on the spot. I made
absolutely certain of that by careful investigation. They sang this
extra verse:
"It was good for ole Abe Lincoln;
It was good for ole Abe Lincoln;
It was good for ole Abe Lincoln;
And it's good enough for me."
"That first verse, 'It is good for a world in trouble,' is certainly a
most appropriate one for these times in France," I said aside to the
secretary.
"Yes," he replied; "if ever this pore ole worl' needed the sustainin'
power of the religion of the Christ, it does now; an' if ever this pore
ole worl' was in trouble, that time suttinly is right now," he added
with fervor.
And now I can never think of the world, nor of the folks back here at
home, nor of the millions of our boys over there that I do not hear the
sweet voices of that crowd of negroes singing reverently and fervently:
"It is good for a world in trouble;
It is good for a world in trouble;
It is good for a world in trouble;
And it's good enough for me."
Another Silhouette of Song that stands out against the background of
memory is that of a hymn that I heard in Doctor Charles Jefferson's
church just before I sailed for France. I was lonely. I walked into
that great city church a stranger, as thousands of boys who have sailed
from New York have done. I never remember to have been so unutterably
lonely and homesick. It was cold in the city, and I was alone. I
turned to a church. Thousands of boys have done the same, may the
mothers and fathers of America know, and they have found comfort. If
the parents of this great nation could know how well their boys are
guarded and cared for in New York City before they sail, they would
have a feeling of comfort.
I sat down in this great church. I was thinking more of other Sabbath
mornings at home, with my wife and baby, than anything else. A hymn
was announced. I stood up mechanically, but there was no song in my
throat. There was a great lump of loneliness only. But suddenly I
listened to the words they were singing. Had they selected that hymn
just for me? It seemed so. It so answered the loneliness in my heart
with comfort and quiet. That great congregation was singing:
"Peace, perfect peace;
With loved ones far away;
In Jesus' keeping, we are safe; and they."
A great sense of peace settled over my heart, and I have quoted that
old hymn all over France to the boys, and they have been comforted.
Many a boy has asked me to write him a copy of that verse to stick in
his note-book. It seemed to give a sense of comfort to the lads, for
their loved ones, too, were "far away," and since I have come home I
find that this, too, comes as a great comfort hymn to those who are
here lonely for their boys "over there."
And who shall forget the silhouette of approaching the shores of France
by night as they have sailed down along the coast, cautiously and
carefully, to find the opening of the submarine nets? Who shall forget
the sense of exhilaration that the news that land was near brought?
Who shall forget the crowding to the railings by all on board to scan
anxiously through the night for the first sight of land? Then who
shall forget seeing that first light from shore flash out through the
darkness of night? Who shall forget the red and green and white lights
that began to twinkle, and gleam, and flash, and signal, and call? How
beautiful those lights looked after the long, dangerous, eventful, and
dark voyage, without a single light showing on the ship! And who shall
forget the man along the railing who said, "I never knew before the
meaning of that old song, 'The Lights Along the Shore'"? And then, who
can forget the fact that suddenly somebody started to sing that old
hymn, "The Lights Along the Shore," and of how it swept along the lower
decks, and then to the upper decks, until a whole ship-load of people
was singing it? And then who shall forget how somebody else started
"Let the Lower Lights Be Burning"? Can such scenes ever be obliterated
from one's memory? No, not forever. That silhouette remains eternally!
Five great transports were in. They were lined up along the docks in
the locks. A Y. M. C. A. secretary was standing on the docks yelling
up a word of welcome to the crowded railings of the great transports.
The boats were not "cleared" as yet. It would take an hour, and the
secretary knew that something must be done, so he started to lead first
one ship and then another in singing.
"What shall we sing, boys?" he would shout up to them from the docks
below. Some fellow from the railing yelled, "Keep the Home Fires
Burning," and that fine song rang out from five thousand throats. I
have heard it sung in the camps at home, I have heard it sung in great
huts in France, but I never heard it when it sounded so significant and
so sweet in its mighty volume as it sounded coming from that great
khaki-lined transport, which had just landed an hour before in France.
I stood beside the song-leader there on the docks looking up at that
great mass of American humanity, a hundred feet above us, so far away
that we could not recognize individual faces, on the high decks of one
of the largest ships that sails the seas, and as that sweet song of war
swept out over the docks and across the white town, and back across the
Atlantic, I said to myself: "That volume sounds as if it could make
itself heard back home."
The man beside me said: "The folks back home hear it all right, for
they are eagerly listening for every sound that comes from that crowd
of boys. Yes, the folks back home hear it, and they'll 'keep the home
fires burning' all right. God bless them!"
The last Silhouette of Song stands out against a background of green
trees and spring, and the odor of a hospital, and Red Cross nurses
going and coming, and boys lying in white robes everywhere. My friend
the song-leader had gone with me to hold the vesper service in the
hospital. Then we visited in the wards in order to see those who were
so severely wounded that they could not get to the service.
There was a little group of men in one room. The first thing I knew my
friend had them singing. At first they took to it awkwardly. Then
more courageously. Then sweetly there rang through the hospital the
strains of "My Daddy Over There."
It melted my heart, for I have a baby girl at home who says to the
neighbors, "My daddy is the prettiest man in the world," and believes
it. I said to Cray: "Why did you sing that particular song?"
"Oh," he replied, "my baby's name is 'Betty,' and I found a guy whose
baby's name is 'Betty' too, and we had a sort of club formed; and
another guy had a baby boy, and then I just thought they'd like to sing
'My Daddy Over There.' But we ended up with 'Jesus, Lover of My Soul,'
so that ought to suit you."
"Suit me, man? Why I got a 'Betty' baby of my own, and that 'Daddy
Over There' song you sang is the sweetest thing I've heard in France,
and it will help those daddies more than a hymn would. I'm glad you
got them to singing."
And now I'm back home, and I thought the Silhouettes of Song were all
over, but I stepped into a church the other Sunday. Up high above the
sacred altars of that church fluttered a beautiful silk service flag.
It was starred in the shape of a letter "S." In the circle of each "S"
was a red cross. The church had two members in the Red Cross. Above
the "S" and below it were two red triangles. The church had men in the
service of the Y. M. C. A. Then grouped about the "S" were the stars
of boys in the service.
As I looked up at this cross a flood of memories swept over me. I
could not keep back the tears. All the love, all the loneliness, all
the heartache, all the pride, all the hope of the folks at home, their
reverence, their loyalty, was summed up in that flag. I stood to sing,
my eyes brimming with tears. The great congregation started that
beautifully sweet hymn that is being sung all over America in the
churches in loving memory of the boys over there:
"God save our splendid men,
Send them safe home again,
God save our men.
Make them victorious,
Patient and chivalrous,
They are so dear to us,
God save our men.
God keep our own dear men,
From every stain of sin,
God keep our men.
When Satan would allure,
When tempted, keep them pure,
Be their protection sure--
God keep our men.
God hold our precious men,
And love them to the end.
God hold our men.
Held in Thine arms so strong
To Thee they all belong.
This ever be our song:
God hold our men."
I stood the pressure until that great congregation came to that line
"They are so dear to us," and the voice of the mother beside me broke,
and she had to stop. Then I had to stop, too, and we looked at each
other through our tears and smiled and understood, so that when she
sweetly said, "I have a boy over there," her words were superfluous.
And so I have added another memory of song to the hours that will never
die.
II
SHIP SILHOUETTES
It was nearing the dawn, and flaming heralds gave promise of a
brilliant day coming up out of France to the east. Three of us stood
in the "crow's-nest" on an American transport, where we had been
standing our "watch" since four o'clock that morning.
Suddenly as we peered through our glasses off to the west we saw the
masts of a great cruiser creeping above the horizon of the sea. We
reported it to the "bridge," where it was confirmed. Then in a few
minutes we saw another mast, and then another, and another; four, five,
six, seven, eight, nine, ten, twenty--five, six--twenty-six ships
coming up over the western horizon, bound for France, bearing the most
precious burden that ever a caravan of the sea carried across the
waters of the deep; American boys! Your boys!
It was a marvellous sight. We had been so intently watching this that
we had forgotten about the dawn. Then we turned for a minute, and off
to the east a brilliant red dawn was splashing its way out of the sea.
"What are those dots on the sun?" Doctor Freeman shouted to me.
[Illustration: "What are those dots on the sun?" Doctor Freeman shouted
to me.]
"Why, I believe it's the convoy of destroyers coming out to meet those
transports," I replied.
Then before our eyes, up out of the eastern horizon, just as we had
watched the transports and the cruiser come up over the western
horizon, those slender guardians of the deep came toward us in
formation. There were ten of them, and they met the great American
convoy just abreast our transport. We saw the American flag fly to the
winds on each ship, and the flashing of signal-lights even in the
dawning.
"Those destroyers coming out of the east against that sunrise remind me
of the experiences one has in France in these vivid war days," I said
to my fellow watcher in the "crow's-nest."
"How is that?"
"They stand out like the Silhouettes of Mountain Peaks against a
crimson sunrise," I replied.
And so have many Silhouettes of the Sea stood out.
There was the afternoon that we stood on the deck of a ship bound for
France. The voyage had been full of dangers. Submarines had harassed
us for days. One night such a lurch came to the ship as threw
everybody about in their staterooms. We thought it was a storm until
the morning came, and we were informed that it was a sudden lurch to
avoid a submarine. The voyage had been full of uneasiness, and now we
were coming to the most dangerous part of it, the submarine zone.
Everybody was on deck. It was Sunday afternoon. Suddenly off to the
east several spots appeared on the horizon. What were they, friendly
craft or enemy ships?
Nobody knew, not even the captain. There was a wave of uneasiness over
the boat.
Speculation was rife.
Then we saw the signal boy go aft, and in a moment the tricolor of
France was fluttering in the winds, and we knew that the approaching
craft were friendly. Then through powerful glasses we could make them
out to be long, low-lying, lithe, swift destroyers coming out to meet
us. They were a welcome sight. Like "hounds of the sea" they came,
long and lean. Headed straight for us, they came like the winds. Then
suddenly a slight mist began to fall, but not enough to obscure either
the destroyers or the sun. Through this mist the sun burned its way,
and almost as if a miracle had been performed by some master artist, a
beautiful rainbow arched the sky to the east, and under the arch of
this rainbow fleetly sailed those approaching destroyers.
It was a beautiful sight, a Silhouette of the Sea never to be forgotten
while memory lasts. The French flag fluttered, the band started to
play the "Marseillaise," and a ship-load of happy people sang it.
A sense of peace settled down over us all. The rainbow, covenant of
old, promise of the eternal God to his people, seemed to have new
significance that memorable day.
Another Silhouette of the Sea! Troops are expected in at a certain
port of entry. The camp has been emptied of ten thousand men. That
means but one thing, that new troops are expected. The great
dirigibles sailed out a few hours ago. The sea-planes followed.
Thousands of American men and women lined the docks waiting, peering
with anxious eyes out toward the "point." Here at this point a great
cape jutted out into the ocean, and around this cape we were accustomed
to catch sight of the convoys first.
A sense of great expectancy was upon us. We had heard rumors of
submarines off the shore for several days. Then suddenly we heard a
terrific cannonading, and we knew that the transports and the convoys
were in a battle with the U-boats that had lain in wait for them. An
anxious hour passed. The sun was setting and the west was a great rose
blanket.
Then a shout went up far down the line of waiting Americans as the
first great transport swung around the cape. Then another, and a third
and a fourth, and finally a fifth; great gray bulks, two of them
camouflaged until you could not tell whether they were little
destroyers or a group of destroyers on one big ship. Then they got
near enough to see the American boys, thousands of them, lining the
railings. Through the glasses we could make out the names of the
transports. They were some of the largest that sail the Atlantic.
When as they came slowly in on the full tide, with that rose sunset
back of them, the bands on their decks playing across the waters, and
five thousand boys on the first boat singing "Keep the Home Fires
Burning," then the "Marseillaise," and finally "The Star-Spangled
Banner," in which the crowd on the shore joined, there was a Silhouette
of the Sea that burned its way into our souls.
There were the great ships, and beyond them the cape, and beyond that
the hovering dirigibles, and beyond them the great bird seaplanes, and
beyond them the background of a rose-colored sky, and beyond that the
memories of home.
III
SILHOUETTES OF SACRIFICE
Every day for two months, February and March, sometimes when the roads
were hub-deep with mud, and sometimes when the roads were a glare of
ice and snow and driving the big truck was dangerous work, we passed
the crucifix.
It was the guide-post where four roads forked. One road went up to the
old monastery, where we had, in one corner, a canteen. Another road
led down toward divisional headquarters. Another road led into Toul,
and a fourth led directly toward the German lines, over which, if we
had driven far enough, as we started to do one night in the dark, we
could have gone straight to Berlin.
The first night that I went "down the line" alone with a truck-load I
was trembling inside about directions. The divisional man said: "Go
straight out the east gate of the city, down the road until you come to
the cross at the forks of the road. Take the turn to the left."
But even with these directions I was not certain. I was frankly
afraid, for I knew that a wrong turn would take me into German lines.
I did not like that prospect at all.
I drove the big car cautiously through the night. There were no
lights, and at best it was not easy driving. This night was
impenetrably dark. When I came to the cross-roads I stopped the
machine and climbed down. I wanted to make sure of the directions, and
they were printed in French on the sign-board that was near the
crucifix about which he had told me.
I got my directions all right, and then, moved by curiosity, flashed my
pocket-light on the figure of the bronze Christ on the crucifix there
at the crossroads guide-post. There was an inscription. Laboriously
finding each small letter with my flash in the darkness, my engine
panting off to the side of the road, I spelled it all out:
"Traveller, hast thou ever seen so great a grief as mine?"
Off in the near distance the star-shells were lighting up No Man's
Land. "Traveller, hast thou ever seen so great a grief as mine?" they
seemed to say to me.
I climbed into the machine and started on.
Suddenly I heard the purring of Boche planes overhead. One gets so
that he can distinguish the difference between French planes and Boche
planes. These were Boche planes, and they were bent on mischief. Then
the search-lights began to play in the sky over me. But they were too
late, for hardly had I started on my way when "Boom! boom! boom! boom!"
one after another, ten bombs were dropped, and as each dropped it
lighted up the surrounding country like a great city in flames.
As I saw this awful desecration of the land the phrase of the cross
seemed to sing in unison with the beating of the engine of my truck:
"Traveller, hast thou ever seen so great a grief as mine?"
Suddenly out of the night crept an ambulance train, which passed my
slower and larger machine. They had no time to wait for me. They were
American boys on their errands of mercy, and the front was calling
them. I knew that something must be going on off toward the front
lines, for the rumbling of the big guns had been going on for an hour.
As these ambulances passed me--more than twenty-five of them passed as
silent ships pass in the night--that phrase kept singing: "Traveller,
hast thou ever seen so great a grief as mine?"
Then I drove a bit farther on my way, and off across a field I saw the
walls of a great hospital. It was an evacuation hospital, and I had
visited in its wards many times after a raid, when hundreds of our boys
had been brought in every night and day, with four shifts of doctors
kept busy day and night in the operating-room caring for them. As I
thought of all that I had seen in that hospital, again that singing
phrase of the crucifix at the crossroads was on my lips: "Traveller,
hast thou ever seen so great a grief as mine?"
A mile farther, and just a few feet from the road, I passed a little
"God's acre" that I knew so well. As its full meaning swept over me
there in the darkness of that night, the heartache and loneliness of
the folks at home whose American boys were lying there, some two
hundred of them, the old crucifix phrase expressed it all:
"Traveller, hast thou ever seen so great a grief as mine?"
And, somehow, as I drove back by the crucifix in the darkness of the
next morning, about two o'clock, I had to stop again and with my
flash-light spell out the lettering on the cross.
Then suddenly it dawned on me that this was France speaking to America:
"Traveller, hast thou ever seen so great a grief as mine?"
And when I paused in the darkness of that night and thought of the one
million and a quarter of the best manhood of France who had given their
lives for the precious things that we hold most dear: our homes, our
children, our liberty, our democracy; and when I thought that France
had saved that for us; and when I remembered the funeral processions
that I had seen every day since I had been in France, and when I
remembered the women doing the work of men, handling the baggage of
France, ploughing the fields of France; doing the work of men because
the men were all either killed or at the front; when I remembered the
little fatherless children that I had seen all over France, whose sad
eyes looked up into mine everywhere I went; and when I remembered the
young widows (every woman of France seems to be in black); and when I
remembered the thousands of blind men and boys that I had seen being
led helplessly about the streets of the cities and villages of France;
and when I remembered that lonely wife that one Sunday afternoon in
Toul I had watched go and kneel beside a little mound and place flowers
there--the dates on the stone of which I later saw were "March, 1916,"
then I cried aloud in the darkness as I realized the tremendous
sacrifice that France has made for the world, as well as England and
Belgium. "No, France! No, England! No, little Belgium! this
traveller has never seen so great a grief as thine!"
"No, mothers and fathers, little children, wives, brothers, sisters of
France, and England, and Belgium, this traveller, America, has never
seen so great a grief as thine!"
And later I learned, after living in the Toul sector for two months,
that the challenging sentence on the crucifix had been read by nearly
every boy who had passed it; and all had. Either he had read it
himself or it had been quoted to him, and this one crucifix question
had much to do with challenging the boys who passed it to a new
understanding of all that France had passed through in the war.
The American boys have learned to respect the French soldier because of
the sacrifice that he has made. The American soldier remembers that
crowd of men called "Kitchener's Mob," which Kitchener sent into the
trenches of France to stem the tide of inhumanity, and to whom he gave
a message: "Go! Sacrifice yourselves while I raise an army in
England!" The American soldier knows all of this. He knows that
little Belgium might have said to all the world, "The forces were too
great for us," and she could have stepped aside and the world would
have forgiven her.
But instead she chose deliberately to sacrifice herself for the cause
of freedom, and sacrifice herself she did. And that sentence on the
crossroads crucifix in the Toul sector, day after day, sends its
reminder into the heart of the American soldiers, who stop their trucks
and their ammunition wagons, pause their weary marches to read it;
sends its reminder of the sacrifices that our allies have already made,
and the sacrifices that we may be called upon to make. "Traveller,
hast thou ever seen so great a grief as mine?"
And the American officer and soldier must admit that he has not; and he
prays God silently in the night as he rides by on his horse, or as he
drives by on his motor-truck, or as he flashes by on his motor-cycle,
though they may be willing to suffer as France has suffered, if need
be, prays God that that may never be necessary, for the American
soldier, since he has been in France, has seen what suffering means.
And so that crossroads crucifix stands out against the lurid night of
France, with its reminder constantly before the American soldier, and
it tends to make him more gentle with French children and women, and
more kindly with French men. There is a new understanding of each
other, a new cement of friendship binding our allies together in
France; there is a new world-wide brotherhood breaking across the
horizon of time, coming through sacrifice.
The world is once again being atoned for. Its sin is being washed
away. Innocent men are suffering that humanity may be saved.
The last time I saw this cross was by night. I had seen it first at
night, and fitting it was that I should see it last at night. There
was a terrible bombardment down the lines. Hundreds of American boys
had been killed. One was wounded who was a son of one of the foremost
Americans. News of the fight had been coming in to us all day long.
Night came and "runners" were still bringing in the gruesome details.
The ambulances were running in a continuous procession. We had seen
things that day and night that made our hearts sick. We had seen
American boys white and unconscious. We had seen every available room
in the great evacuation hospital crowded. We had been told that a
hundred surgical cases were in the hospital, mostly shrapnel wounds,
and that every available doctor and nurse was working night and day.
We had seen, under one snow-covered canvas, six boys who had been
killed by one shell early that morning--boys that the night before we
had talked with down in a front-line hut--boys who had been killed in
their billet in one room. We had seen a captain come staggering into
our hut wet to the skin, soaked with blood, his hair dishevelled, his
face haggard. He had been fighting since three o'clock that morning.
He had been shell-shocked, and had been sent into the hospital.
"My God!" he cried, "I saw every officer in my company killed. First
it was my first lieutenant. They got him in the head. Then about ten
o'clock I saw my second lieutenant fall. Then early in the afternoon
my top-sergeant got a bayonet, and a hand-grenade got a group of my
non-commissioned officers. Half of my boys are gone."
Then he sat down and we got him some hot chocolate. This seemed to
revive his spirits, and he said: "But, thank God, we licked them! We
licked them at their own game! We got them six to one, and drove them
back! No Man's Land is thick with their beastly bodies. They are
hanging on the wires out there like trapped rabbits!"
Then the thoughts of his own officers came back.
"My God! Now we know what war means. We've been playing at war up to
this time. Now we've got to suffer! Then we'll know what it all
means." He was half-delirious, we could see, and sent for an ambulance.
As I drove home that night I passed the crossroads crucifix. This time
I needed no lights to guide me. The whole horizon was alight with
bursting shells and Very lights. Long before I got to it I could see
the gaunt form of the cross reaching its black but comforting arms up
against the background of lurid light along the front where I knew that
American men were dying for me. The picture of that wayside cross,
looming against the lurid light of battle, shall never die in my memory.
It was the silhouette of France and America suffering together, a
silhouette standing out against a livid horizon of fire.
I needed no tiny pocket search-light to read the words on the cross.
They had already burned their way into my heart and into the hearts of
that whole division of American soldiers, that division which has since
so distinguished itself at Belleau Woods! But now America has a new
understanding of the meaning of that sentence, for America, too, is
suffering, and she is sacrificing.
"Traveller, hast thou ever seen so great a grief as mine?"
"Yes, France; we understand now."
IV
SILHOUETTES SPIRITUAL
It was the gas ward. I had held a vesper service that evening and had
had a strange experience. Just before the service I had been
introduced to a lad who said to the chaplain who introduced me that he
was a member of my denomination.
The boy could not speak above a whisper. He was gassed horribly, and
in addition to his lungs being burned out and his throat, his face and
neck were scarred.
"I have as many scars on my lungs as I have on my face," he said quite
simply. I had to bend close to hear him. He could not talk loud
enough to have awakened a sleeping child.
He said to me: "I used to be leader of the choir at home. At college I
was in the glee-club, and whenever we had any singin' at the fraternity
house they always expected me to lead it. Since I came into the army
the boys in my outfit have depended upon me for all the music. In camp
back home I led the singing. Even the Y. M. C. A. always counted on me
to lead the singing in the religious meetings. Many's the time I have
cheered the boys comin' over on the transport and in camp by singin'
when they were blue. But I can't sing any more. Sometimes I get
pretty blue over that. But I'll be at your meeting this evening,
anyway, and I'll be right down on the front seat as near the piano as I
can get. Watch for me."
And sure enough that night, when the vesper service started, he was
right there. I smiled at him and he smiled back.
I announced the first hymn. The crowd started to sing. Suddenly I
looked toward him. We were singing "Softly Now the Light of Day Fades
Upon My Sight Away." His book was up, his lips were moving, but no
sound was coming. That sight nearly broke my heart. To see that boy,
whose whole passion in the past had been to sing, whose voice the cruel
gas had burned out, started emotions throbbing in me that blurred my
eyes. I couldn't sing another note myself. My voice was choked at the
sight. A lump came every time I looked at him there with that book up
in front of him, a lump that I could not get out of my throat. I dared
not look in his direction.
After the service was over I went up to him. I knew that he needed a
bit of laughter now. I knew that I did, too. So I said to him: "Lad,
I don't know what I would have done if you hadn't helped us out on the
singing this evening."
He looked at me with infinite pathos and sorrow in his eyes. Then a
look of triumph came into them, and he looked up and whispered through
his rasped voice: "I may not be able to make much noise any more, and I
may never be able to lead the choir again, but I'll always have singing
in my soul, sir! I'll always have singing in my soul!"
And so it is with the whole American army in France--it always has
singing in its soul, and courage, and manliness, and daring, and hope.
That kind of an army can never be defeated. And no army in the world,
and no power, can stand long before that kind of an army.
That kind of an army doesn't have to be sent into battle with a barrage
of shells in front of it and a barrage of shells back of it to force it
in, as the Germans have been doing during the last big offensive,
according to stories that boys at Château-Thierry have been telling me.
The kind of an army that, in spite of wounds and gas, "still has
singing in its soul" will conquer all hell on earth before it gets
through.
Then there is the memory of the boys in the shell-shock ward at this
same hospital. I had a long visit with them. They were not permitted
to come to the vesper service for fear something would happen to upset
their nerves. But they made a special request that I come to visit
them in their ward. After the service I went. I reached their ward
about nine, and they arose to greet me. The nurse told me that they
were more at ease on their feet than lying down, and so for two hours
we stood and talked on our feet.
"How did you get yours?" I asked a little black-eyed New Yorker.
"I was in a front-line trench with my 'outfit,' down near Amiens," he
said. "We were having a pretty warm scrap. I was firing a machine-gun
so fast that it was red-hot. I was afraid it would melt down, and I
would be up against it. They were coming over in droves, and we were
mowing them down so fast that out in front of our company they looked
like stacks of hay, the dead Germans piled up everywhere. I was so
busy firing my gun, and watching it so carefully because it was so hot,
that I didn't hear the shell that suddenly burst behind me. If I had
heard it coming it would never have shocked me."
"If you hear them coming you're all right?" I asked.
"Yes. It's the ones that surprise you that give you shell-shock. If
you hear the whine you're ready for them; but if your mind is on
something else, as mine was that day, and the thing bursts close, it
either kills you or gives you shell-shock, so it gets you both going
and coming." He laughed at this.
"I was all right for a while after the thing fell, for I was
unconscious for a half-hour. When I came to I began to shake, and I've
been shaking ever since."
"How did you get yours?" I asked another lad, from Kansas, for I saw at
once that it eased them to talk about it.
"I was in a trench when a big Jack Johnson burst right behind me. It
killed six of the boys, all my friends, and buried me under the dirt
that fell from the parapet back of me. I had sense and strength enough
to dig myself out. When I got out I was kind of dazed. The captain
told me to go back to the rear. I started back through the
communication-trench and got lost. The next thing I knew I was
wandering around in the darkness shakin' like a leaf."
Then there was the California boy. I had known him before. It was he
who almost gave me a case of shell-shock. The last time I saw him he
was standing on a platform addressing a crowd of young church people in
California. And there he was, his six foot three shaking from head to
foot like an old man with palsy, and stuttering every word he spoke.
He had been sent to the hospital at Amiens with a case of acute
appendicitis. The first night he was in the hospital the Germans
bombed it and destroyed it. They took him out and put him on a train
for Paris. This train had only gotten a few miles out of Amiens when
the Germans shelled it and destroyed two cars.
"After that I began to shake," he said simply.
"No wonder, man; who wouldn't shake after that?" I said. Then I asked
him if he had had his operation yet.
"It can't be done until I quit shaking."
"When will you quit?" I asked, with a smile.
"Oh, we're all getting better, much better; we'll be out of here in a
few months; they all get better; 90 per cent of us get back in the
trenches."
And that is the silver lining to this Silhouette Spiritual. The
doctors say that a very large percentage of them get back.
"We call ourselves the 'First American Shock Troops,'" my friend from
the West said with a grin.
"I guess you are 'shock troops,' all right. I know one thing, and that
is that you would give your folks back home a good shock if they saw
you."
Then we all laughed. Laughter was in the air. I have never met
anywhere in France such a happy, hopeful, cheerful crowd as that bunch
of shell-shocked boys. It was contagious. I went there to cheer them
up, and I got cheered up. I went there to give them strength, and came
away stronger than when I went in. It would cheer the hearts of all
Americans to take a peep into that room; if they could see the souls
back of the trembling bodies; if they could get beyond the first shock
of those trembling bodies and stuttering tongues. And, after all, that
is what America must learn to do, to get beyond, and to see beyond, the
wounds, into the soul of the boy; to see beyond the blinded eyes, the
scarred faces, the legless and armless lads, into the glory of their
new-born souls, for no boy goes through the hell of fire and suffering
and wounds that he does not come out new-born. The old man is gone
from him, and a new man is born in him. That is the great eternal
compensation of war and suffering.
I have seen boys come out of battles made new men. I have seen them go
into the line sixteen-year-old lads, and come out of the trenches men.
I saw a lad who had gone through the fighting in Belleau Woods. I
talked with him in the hospital at Paris. His face was terribly
wounded. He was ugly to look at, but when I talked with him I found a
soul as white as a lily and as courageous as granite.
"I may look awful," he said, "but I'm a new man inside. What I saw out
there in the woods made me different, somehow. I saw a friend stand by
his machine-gun, with a whole platoon of Germans sweeping down on him,
and he never flinched. He fired that old gun until every bullet was
gone and his gun was red-hot. I was lying in the grass where I could
see it all. I saw them bayonet him. He fought to the last against
fifty men, but, thank God, he died a man; he died an American. I lay
there and cried to see them kill him, but every time I think of that
fellow it makes me want to be more of a man. When I get back home I'm
going to give up my life to some kind of Christian service. I'm going
to do it because I saw that man die so bravely. If he can die like
that, in spite of my face I can live like a man."
The boys in the trenches live a year in a month, a month in a week, a
week in a day, a day in an hour, and sometimes an eternity in a second.
No wonder it makes men of them overnight. No wonder they come out of
it all with that "high look" that John Oxenham writes about. They have
been reborn.
Another wounded boy who had gone through the fighting back of
Montdidier said to me in the hospital:
"I never thought of anybody else at home but myself. I was selfish.
Sis and mother did everything for me. Everything at home centred in
me, and everything was arranged for my comfort. With this leg gone I
might have some right now, according to the way they think, to that
attention, but I don't want it any longer. I can't bear the thoughts
of having people do for me. I want to spend the rest of my life doing
things for other folks.
"Back of Noyon I saw a friend sail into a crowd of six Germans with
nothing but his bayonet and rifle. They had surrounded his captain,
and were rushing him back as a prisoner. They evidently had orders to
take the officers alive as prisoners. That big top-sergeant sailed
into them, and after killing two of them, knocking two more down, and
giving his captain a chance to escape, the last German shot him through
the head. He gave his life for the captain. That has changed me. I
shall never be the same again after seeing that happen. There's
something come into my heart. I'm going back home a Christian man."
Yes, America must learn to see beyond the darkness, beyond the
disfigured face, to the soul of the boy. And America will do it.
America is like that. And so back of these shaking bodies and these
stuttering tongues of the shell-shocked boys I saw their wonderful
souls. And after spending that two hours with them I can never be the
same man again.
I could, as Donald Hankey says, "get down on my knees and shine their
boots for them any day," and thank God for the privilege. I think that
this is the spirit of any non-combatant in France who has any immediate
contact with our men on the battle-front or in the hospitals. They are
so brave and so true.
"How do the Americans stand dressing their wounds and the suffering in
the hospitals?" a friend of mine asked a prominent surgeon.
"They bear their suffering like Frenchmen. That is the highest
compliment I can pay them," he replied.
And so back of their wounds are their immortal, undying, unflinching
souls. And back of the tremblings of these boys that night, thank God,
I had the glory of seeing their immortal souls, and to me the soul of
an American boy under fire and pain is the biggest, finest, most
tremendous thing on earth. I bow before it in humility. It dazzled
mine eyes. All I could think of as I saw it was:
"Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord."
That night I said, just before I left: "Boys, it's Sunday evening, and
they wouldn't let you come to my meeting! Would you like for me to
have a little prayer with you?"
"Yes! Sure! That's just what we want!" were the stammered words that
followed.
"All right; we'll just stand, if it's easier for you."
Then I prayed the prayer that had been burning in my heart every minute
as we stood there in that dimly lit ward, talking of home and battle
and the folks we all loved across the seas. All that time there had
been hovering in the background of my mind a picture of a cool body of
water named Galilee, and of a Christ who had been sleeping in a boat on
that water with some of his friends, when a storm came up. I had been
thinking of how frightened those friends had been of the storm; of the
tossing, tumbling, turbulent waves. I had thought of how they had
trembled with fear, and then of how they had appealed to the Master. I
told the boys simply that story, and then I prayed:
"O Thou Christ who stilled the waves of Galilee, come Thou into the
hearts of these boys just now, and still their trembling limbs and
tongues. Bring a great sense of peace and quiet into their souls."
"Oh, ye of little faith!" When I looked up from that prayer, much to
my own astonishment, and to the astonishment of the friend who was with
me, the tremblings of those fine American boys had perceptibly ceased.
There was a great sense of quiet and peace in the ward.
The nurse told me the next day that after I had gone the boys went
quietly to bed; that there was little tossing that night and no walking
the floors, as there had been before. A doctor friend said to me:
"After all, maybe your medicine is best, for while we are more or less
groping in the dark as to our treatment of shell-shock, we do know that
the only cure will be that something comes into their souls to give
them quiet of mind and peace within."
"I know what that medicine is," I told him. "I have seen it work."
"What is it?" he asked.
Then I told him of my experience.
"You may be right."
And so it is all over France; where I have worked in some twenty
hospitals--from the first-aid dressing-stations back through the
evacuation hospitals to the base hospitals--and have found that the
reaction of our boys to wounds and suffering is always a spiritual
reaction. I know as I know no other thing, that the boys of America
are to come back, wounded or otherwise, a better crowd of men than they
went away. They are men reborn, and when they come back, when it's
"over, over there," there is to be a nation reborn because of the
leaven that is within their souls.
V
SILHOUETTES OF SACRILEGE
During the last year there has come into French art a new era of the
silhouette. In every art store in Paris one sees wonderful silhouettes
which tell the story of the horror of the Hun better than any words can
paint it, and when one attempts to paint it he must attempt it in word
silhouettes.
The silhouette catches the picture better than color. Gaunt, naked,
ruined cathedrals, homes, towers, and forests are better pictured in
black silhouettes than any other way. There is nothing much left in
some places in France but silhouettes.
Those who have seen Rheims know that the best reproduction of its ruins
has been conveyed by the simple silhouette of the artist. There it
stands outlined against the sky. Rheims that was once the wonder of
the world is now naked ruins, tottering walls, with its towers still
standing, looming against the sky like tottering trees. And when,
during the past year, the walls fell, they:
"Left a lonesome place against the sky"
of all the world.
The church at Albert was like that. Only a silhouette can describe or
picture it. There it stood against the sky by day and night, with the
figure on its top leaning. The old legend of the soldiers that when
the figure of the Virgin fell to the earth the war would end has been
dissipated, for during the last drive that figure fell, and the tower
with it. But forever (although it has fallen to dust and debris,
because of descriptions we have seen of it) it shall stand out in our
memories like a lonely, toppling tree against a crimson sunset!
Every day on the Toul line we used to drive through a village that had
been shelled until it was in ruins. Only the tower and the walls of a
beautiful little church remained. Every other house in the village was
razed to the ground. Nothing else remained.
There it stands to this day, for when I saw it last in June it was
still standing as it was in January. Every evening about sunset we
used to drive down that way, taking supplies to the front-line huts.
Many things stand out in one's memory of a certain road over which he
drives night after night and day after day. There is the cross at the
forks of the roads. There is the old monastery, battered and in ruins,
that stood out like a gaunt ghost of the vandal Hun. There was the
little God's acre along the road which we passed every day. There were
always the observation-balloons against the evening sky. There were
always the fleet-winged birds of the air outlined against the evening.
There were always the marching men and the ambulance trains. But
standing out above them all, etched with the acid of regret and anger
and horror, stood that lonely tower. Night after night we approached
it with a beautiful sunset off to the west where the Germans lay buried
in their trenches. Coming back from the German lines we would see this
church-tower outlined against the crimson sky like a finger pointing
God-ward, and declaring to all the world that the God above would
avenge this silent, accusing Silhouette of Sacrilege.
There has been a good deal of discussion over a certain book entitled
"I Accuse." I never saw that finger pointing into the sky as we drove
through this village that it did not cry out to the heavens and across
the short miles to the German Huns, looking down, as it did, at its
feet where the ruined homes lay, the village that it had mothered and
fathered, the village that had worshipped within its simple walls, the
village that had brought its joys and sorrows there, the village that
had buried the dead within its shadows, the village that had brought
its young there to be married and its aged to be buried; there it
stood, night after night, against the crimson sky sometimes, against
the golden sky at other times; against the rose, against the blue,
against the purple sunsets; and ever it thundered: "I accuse! I
accuse! I accuse!"
Then there is that Silhouette of Sacrilege up on the Baupaume Road.
This is called "the saddest road in Christendom," because more men have
been killed along its scarred pathway than along any other road in all
the world. Not even the road to Calvary was as sad as this road.
Along this road when the French held it, during the first year of the
war, they gathered their dead together and buried them in a little
cemetery. Above the sacred remains of their comrades these French
soldiers erected a simple bronze cross as a symbol not only of the
faith of the nation, but a symbol also of the cause in which they had
died.
A few months later when the Germans had recaptured this spot, and it
had been fought over, and the bronze cross still stood, the Hun, too,
gathered his dead together and buried them side by side with the
French. Then he did a characteristic thing. He got a large stone as a
base and mounted a cannon-ball on top of this stone, and left it there,
side by side with the French cross.
Whether he meant it or not, his sacrilege stands as a fitting
expression of his philosophy, the philosophy of the brute, the religion
of the granite rock and the iron cannon-ball.
He told his own story here. Side by side in those two monuments the
contrast is made, the causes are placed. One is the cause of the
cross, the cause of men willing to die for brotherhood; the other is
the cause of those who are willing to kill to conquer.
And these two monuments, side by side on the Baupaume Road, stand out
as one of the Silhouettes of Sacrilege.
Then there is St. Gervais. On Good Friday afternoon a Hun shell
pierced the side of this beautiful cathedral as the spear-thrust
pierced the side of the Master so long ago. On the very hour that
Jesus was crucified back on that other and first Good Friday the Hun
threw his bolt of death into the nave of this church, and crucified
seventy-five people kneeling in memory of their Saviour's death.
I was in that church an hour after this terrible sacrilege happened.
Never can one forget the scene. I dare not describe it here in its
awful details.
The entire arches of stone that held up the roof had fallen in from the
concussion of the gases of the shell. Three feet of solid stones
covered the floor. Men and women were being carried out. Silk hats,
canes, shoes, hats, baby clothes, an expensive fur, lay buried in the
stone and dirt.
As I stood horrified, looking on this scene of death and destruction,
the phrase came into my heart:
"And the veil of the temple was rent in twain."
And this scene, too, shall remain as one of the Silhouettes of
Sacrilege.
But perhaps the worst Silhouette of Sacrilege that the film of one's
memory has brought away from France is that of a certain afternoon in
Paris.
I happened to be walking along the Boulevard to my hotel. The big gun
had been throwing its shells into the city all day. Suddenly one fell
so close to where I was walking that it broke the windows around me,
and I was nearly thrown to my feet. In my soul I cursed the Hun, as
all who have lived in Paris finally come to be doing as each shell
bursts. But I had more reason to curse than I knew at that moment.
The people were running into a side street, the next one toward which I
was approaching. I followed the crowd. My uniform got me past the
gendarmes in through a little court, up a pair of stairs where the
shell had penetrated the walls of a maternity hospital.
What I saw there in that room shall make me hate the Hun forever.
New-born babes had been killed, a nurse and two mothers. When I
thought of the expectant homes into which those babes had come, when I
thought of the fathers at the front who would never see again either
their wives or those new babies, when I saw the blood that smeared the
plaster and floors of that room, when I saw the little twisted baby
beds, a flush of hatred swept over me, as it did over all who saw it, a
new birth of hatred that could never die until those little babies and
those mothers and the nurse are avenged. That is a Silhouette of
Sacrilege that makes the gamut complete.
There was the desecration of the holy sanctuaries; there was the
desecration of the graves of brave soldiers of France; there was the
derision of his bronze cross; there was the desecration of the most
sacred day in Christendom, Good Friday, and then the desecration of
little children, mothers of new-born babes, and nurses. Could the case
be more complete? Could Silhouettes of Sacrilege cover a wider gamut
of hatred and disgust than these silhouettes picture?
VI
SILHOUETTES OF SILENCE
Two o'clock in the morning on the sea is sometimes cold and
disagreeable, and sometimes it is glorious with wonder and beauty. But
whether it is beautiful or whether it is cold and disagreeable, at that
exact hour in the war zone on every American transport, now, every boy
is summoned on deck until daylight. This is only one of the many
precautions that the navy is taking to save life in case of a U-boat
attack. One thing that ought to comfort every mother and father in
America is the care that is manifested and the precautions that are
taken by the navy in getting the soldiers to France. One of the most
thrilling chapters of the history of this war, when it is written, will
be that chapter. And one of the most wonderful, the most colossal
feats will be the safe transportation overseas of those millions of
soldiers with so little loss of life while doing it.
And one of the best precautions is this of getting every boy up out of
the hold and out of the staterooms, officers and all, on deck, standing
by the assigned life-boats and rafts. Not a single boy remains below
in the war zone.
Day is just breaking across the sea. It is a beautiful dawning. Five
thousand American boys line the railings of a certain great transport.
They are not allowed to smoke. They do not sing. They do not talk
much. Some of them are sleepy, for the average American boy is not
used to being awakened at two in the morning. They just stand and wait
and watch through five hours of silence as the great ship plunges its
way defiantly through the danger zone, saying in so many words: "We're
ready for you!"
And the silhouette of that great ship, lined with khaki-clad American
boys, waiting, watching, as seen from another transport, where the
watcher who writes this story stands, is a sight never to be equalled
in art or story. To see the huge bulk of a great transport just a
stone's throw away, moving forward, without a sound from its
rail-lined, soldier-packed deck, is one of the striking Silhouettes of
Silence.
Thomas Carlyle once said of man: "Stands he not thereby in the centre
of Immensities, in the conflux of Eternities?" One day I saw the
American army standing "in the centre of immensities, in the conflux of
eternities," at the focus of histories. One day I saw the American
army in France march in answer to General Pershing's offer to the
Allies at the beginning of the big drive, march to its place in history
beside its Allies, the English and the French.
The news came. The first division of American troops was to leave
overnight and march overland into the Marne line. Our Allies needed
us. They had called. We were answering.
As a tribute to the efficiency of the American army, may I say that the
one well-trained, seasoned division of troops that we had in a certain
quiet sector picked up bag and baggage overnight and, like the Arabs,
"silently stole away," and did it so well and so efficiently that not
even the Y. M. C. A. secretaries, who had been living with this
division intimately for months, knew that they were gone, and that a
new division had taken its place, until the next morning. Talk about
German efficiency--that phrase, "German efficiency," has become a
bugaboo to frighten the world. American efficiency is just as great,
if not greater.
I saw that division marching overland. It was a thrilling sight.
Coming on it suddenly, and looking down upon its marching columns from
the brow of a hill, and then riding past it in a Ford camionet all day
long with Irving Cobb, riding past its ammunition-wagons, past its
machine-gun battalion, past its great artillery company, past its
hundreds of infantrymen, past its trucks, past its clean-cut officers
astride their horses, past its supply-trains, past its flags and
banners, past its kitchen-wagons, seeing it stop to eat, seeing it
shoulder its rifles, seeing its ambulances and its Red Cross groups,
seeing its khaki-clad American boys wind through the valleys and up the
hills and over the bridges (the white stone bridge), through its
villages, many in which American soldiers had never been seen before;
welcomed by the people as the saviors of France, seeing its way strewn
with the flowers of spring by little children, and with the welcome and
the tears of French mothers and daughters clad in black, seeing it
march along the French streams from early morning until late at night,
this was a sight to stir the pride of any American to the point of
reverence.
But all day as we rode along that winding trail I thought of the song
that the soldiers are singing, "There's a Long, Long Trail Awinding to
the Land of Our Dreams," and when I looked into the faces of those
American boys I saw there the determination that the trail that they
were taking was a trail that, although it was leading physically
directly away from home, and toward Berlin, yet it was, to their way of
thinking, the shortest way home. The trail that the American army took
that day as it marched into the Marne line was the "home trail," and
every boy marched that road with the determination that the sooner they
got that hard job ahead over with, the sooner they would get home. I
talked with many of them as they stopped to rest and found this
sentiment on every lip.
But it was a silent army. I heard no singing all day long--not a song.
Men may sing as they are marching into training-camps; they may sing
when they board the boats for France now; they may sing as they march
into rest-billets, but they were not singing that day as they marched
into the great battle-line of Europe.
I heard no laughter. I heard no loud talking, I heard no singing; I
heard only the tramp, tramp, tramp of marching feet, and the crunching
of the great motor-trucks, and the patter of horses as the officers
galloped along their lines. That army of American men knew that the
job on which they were entering was not child's play. They knew that
democracy depended upon what they did in that line. They knew that
many of them would never come back. They knew that at last the real
thing was facing them. They were not like dumb, driven beasts. They
were men. They were American men. They were thinking men. They were
silent men. They were brave men.
They were marching to their place in history unafraid, and unflinching,
but thoughtful and silent.
Another Silhouette of Silence. It was after midnight on the Toul line.
We were driving back from the front. The earth was covered with a
blanket of snow. Everything was white. We were moving cautiously
because with the snow over everything it was hard to tell where the icy
road left off and the ditches began; and those ditches were four feet
deep, and a big truck is hard to get out of a hole. Then there were no
lights, for we were too near the Boche batteries.
"Halt!" rang out suddenly in the night, and a sentry stepped into the
middle of the road.
I got down to see what he wanted.
"There are fifty truck-loads of soldiers going into the trenches
to-night, and they are coming this way. Drive carefully, for it is
slippery."
In a few moments we came to the first truck filled with soldiers, and
passed it. A hundred yards farther we came to the second one, loaded
down with American boys. Their rifles were stacked in the front of the
truck, and their helmets made a solid steel covering over the trucks.
One by one, fifty trucks loaded with American soldiers passed us. One
can hardly imagine that many American boys anywhere without some noise,
but the impressive thing about that scene was that not a single word,
not a sound of a human voice, came from a single one of those fifty
trucks. The only sound to be heard breaking the silence of the night
was the crunching of the chained wheels of the heavy trucks in the
snow. We watched that strangely silent procession go up over a
snow-covered hill and disappear. Not a single sound of a human voice
had broken the silence.
Another Silhouette of Silence: It is an operating-room in an evacuation
hospital. The boy was brought in last night. An operation was
immediately imperative. I had known the boy, and was there by courtesy
of the major in charge of the hospital. The boy had asked that I come.
For just one hour they worked, two skilled American surgeons, whose
names, if I were to mention them, would be recognized as two of
America's greatest specialists. France has many of them who have given
up their ten-thousand-dollar fees to endure danger to save our boys.
During that hour's stress and strain, with sweat pouring from their
brows, they worked. Now and then there was a nod to a nurse, who
seemed to understand without words, and a motion of a hand, but not
three words were spoken. It made a Silhouette of Silence that saved a
boy's life.
The next scene is a listening-post. Two men are stretched on their
stomachs in the brown grass. A little hole, just enough to conceal
their bodies, has been dug there. The upturned roots of an old tree
that a bursting shell had desecrated was just in front. "Tap! Tap!
Tap!" came the sounds of Boches at work somewhere near and underground.
It is needless to say that this was a Silhouette of Silence, and that a
certain Y. M. C. A. secretary was glad when it was all over and he got
back where he belonged.
[Illustration: The upturned roots of an old tree were just in front.]
The beautiful columns of the Madeleine bask under the moonlight. Paris
was never so quiet. The silence of eternity seemed to have settled
down over her. As one looked at the Madeleine under that magical white
moonlight he imagined that he had been transported back to Athens, and
that he was no longer living in modern times and in a world at war. It
was all so quiet and peaceful, with a great moon floating in the
skies----
But what is that awful wail that suddenly smites the stillness as with
a blow? It seems like the wailing of all the lost souls of the war.
It sounds like the crying of the more than five million sorrowing women
there are left comfortless in Europe. It is the siren. An air-raid is
on. The "alert" is sounding. The bombs begin to fall. The Boches
have gotten over even before the barrage is up. Hell breaks loose for
an hour. No battle on the front ever heard more terrific cannonading
than the next hour. The barrage was the heaviest ever sent up over
Paris. The six Gothas that got over the city dropped twenty-four bombs.
The terrific bombardment, however, now as one looks back, only serves
to make the preceding silence stand out more emphatically, and the
Madeleine, basking in the moonlight the hour before, more beautiful in
its silhouette of grace and bulk against the golden light.
A month on the front lines with thunder beating always, a month of
machine-gun racket, a month of bombing by Gothas every night, a month
of crunching wheels, a month of pounding motors and rumbling trucks, a
month of marching men, a month of the pounding of horses' hoofs on the
hard roads of France, a month of sirens and clanging church-bells in
the _tocsin_, and then a day in the valley of vision, down at Domremy
where Jeanne d'Arc was born, was a contrast that gave a Silhouette of
Silence to me.
One day on the Toul line, a train by night, and the next morning so far
away that all you could hear was the singing of birds. Peasants
quietly tended their flocks. Children played in the roads. The valley
was beautiful under the sunlight of as warm and as beautiful a spring
day as ever fell over the fields of France. I stood on the very spot
where the peasant girl of Orleans caught her vision. I looked down
over the valley with "the green stream streaking through it," with
silence brooding over it, a bewildering contrast with the day and the
month that had just preceded; and it all stands out as one of the
Silhouettes of Silence.
Another day, another hour, another part of France. They call it
"Calvaire." It covers several acres. The peasants go there to worship
in pilgrimage every year. There is a Garden of Gethsemane, with
marvellous statues built life-size. Then through the woods there is a
worn pathway to the Sanhedrin. This is of marble. Jesus is here
before his accusers in marble statuary.
As his accusers question him and he answers them not, they wonder. But
those who have seen "Calvaire" in France do not wonder, for from that
room there is a clean swath of trees cut, and a quarter of a mile away
looms, on a hill, a real Calvary, with the tree crosses silhouetted
against the sky, and Jesus is seeing down the pathway the hill of the
cross.
Then there is "The Way of the Cross," built by peasant hands. It is a
road covered with flintstones as sharp as knives. This flint road must
be a mile long, and it winds here and there leading to Calvary, and
along its way are the various stations of the cross in life-size
figures. Jesus is seen at every step of this agony bearing his cross
until relieved by Simon. Over this flintstone every year the people
come by thousands, and crawl on their naked knees or walk on their
naked feet. Every stone is stained with blood; stumbling, cruelly
hurt, bleeding, they go "The Way of the Cross," and I have no doubt but
that they go back to their homes better men and women for having done
so.
The day that we went to "Calvaire" it was a fitful June afternoon. As
we walked along "The Way of the Cross," across the field, past the
living, almost breathing, statues of the Master bearing his cruel
cross, past the sneering figures of those who hated him, and past the
weeping figures of those who loved and would aid him, and as we came to
the hill itself, suddenly black clouds gathered behind it and rain
began to pour.
"I am glad the clouds are there back of Calvary. I am glad it is
raining as we climb the hill of Calvary. I am willing to be soaked.
It seems more fitting so, with the black clouds there and all. It
reminds me of 'The Return from Calvary' in the painting," one of the
party said impressively.
Up the winding hill we climbed, and there gaunt and cruel against a
sombre sky stood the three crosses, just as we have always imagined
them. The hill was so high that it overlooked as beautiful a valley as
I had seen in all France. It was in Brittany, as yet untouched by the
war as far as its fields are concerned (not so its men and its women
and its homes); but on that spring day as we looked down from the hill
of Calvary we could see off in the distance the tomb, with the stone
rolled away, and life-size angels standing there with uplifted wings.
Then farther along the road, perhaps another quarter mile away, on
another hill, were the figures of the disciples, and the women watching
the ascension with rapt faces, and a glory shone round about them all.
And as we stood there on that Calvary, built in memory of the
crucifixion and resurrection and ascension of their Master by the
peasants, and looked down over the earth, bright with crimson poppies
everywhere in field and hill, brilliant with the old-gold blossom of
the broom flower, as we stood there, our hearts subdued to awe and
wonder, looking down, suddenly the rain ceased and the sun shone in its
full glory and lighted anew the white marble of the figures of the
ascension far below us in the field.
As we stood there the thought came to me:
"So is the Christian world standing today on the hill of 'Calvaire.'
The storms have been black about the Christian world. The clouds have
seemed impenetrable. The earth has been desolate. We have walked on
our hands and knees and in our bare feet up the flinty road of
Baupaume, 'the saddest road in Christendom,' and along this road we
have borne the cross. We, the Christian world, the mothers, the
fathers, the little children, have bled. We have stumbled and fallen
along the way. And when we climbed the hill of Calvary, as we have
been doing for these years of war, the clouds darkened and we saw only
the ominous silhouettes of the three crosses.
"But the sun is now breaking the clouds, and it shall burn its way to a
glorious day. Across the fields we see the open tomb and the
resurrection is about to dawn; the day of brotherhood, democracy,
justice, love, and peace forever.
"Hope is in the world, hope brooding, hope dominant, hope triumphant,
hope in its supreme ascension."
One could not see this Silhouette of Silence, this "Calvaire" of the
French nation, and not come away knowing the full meaning of the war.
It is "The New Calvary" of the world.
VII
SILHOUETTES OF SERVICE
A newspaper paragraph in a Paris paper said: "Dale was last seen in a
village just before the Germans entered it, gathering together a crowd
of little French children, trying to get them to a place of safety."
Dale has never been seen since, and that was two months ago. Whether
he is dead or alive we do not know, but those who knew this manly
American lad best, say unanimously: "That was just like Dale; he loved
kids, and he was always talking about his own and showing us their
pictures."
No monument will ever be erected to Dale, for he was just a common
soldier; but I for one would rather have had the monument of that
simple paragraph in the press despatches; I for one would rather have
it said of me, "The last seen of Dale he was gathering together a crowd
of little children"; I would rather have died in such a service than to
have lived to be a part of the marching army that is one day to enter
the streets of Berlin. That was a man's way to die; dying while trying
to save a crowd of little children from the cowardly Hun.
[Illustration: "The last seen of Dale he was gathering together a crowd
of little children."]
If I had died in that kind of service, in my dying moments I could have
heard the words of John Masefield from "The Everlasting Mercy" singing
in my heart:
"Whoever gives a child a treat
Makes joybells ring in Heaven's street;
Whoever gives a child a home,
Builds palaces in Kingdom Come;
Whoever brings a child to birth,
Brings Saviour Christ again to earth."
Or, better, I would have seen the Master blessing little children,
taking them up in His arms and saying to the Hebrew mothers that stood
about with wondering eyes: "Suffer the little children to come unto me,
and forbid them not, for of such is the kingdom of heaven."
And perhaps I should have heard the echo of Joaquin Miller's sweet
interpretation of that scene, for when men die, strange, sweet
memories, old hymns and verses, old faces, all come back:
"Then lifting His hands He said lowly,
Of such is my Kingdom, and then
Took the little brown babes in the holy
White hands of the Savior of men;
Held them close to His breast and caressed them;
Put His face down to theirs as in prayer;
Put His cheek to their cheeks; and so blessed them
With baby hands hid in His hair."
And I am certain that last of all I should have heard the voice of the
Master himself saying:
"Insomuch as ye have done it unto the least of one of these little
ones, my children, ye have done it unto me."
Thank God for a death like that. One could envy such a passing, a
passing in the service to little children.
I have seen some of the most magnificent episodes of service on the
part of men in France, scenes that have thrilled me to the bone.
I know a Protestant clergyman in France who walked five miles on a
rainy February day to find a rosary for a dying Catholic boy.
I know a Y. M. C. A. secretary who in America is the general secretary
of one of the largest organizations in one of the largest Eastern
cities. He has always had two hobbies: one is seeing men made whole,
and the other has been fighting cigarettes. Never bigger fists or more
determined fists pounded down the walls that were building themselves
up around American youth in the cigarette industry. He was militant
from morning till night in his crusade against cigarettes. Some of his
friends thought he was a fanatic. He even lost friends because of his
uncompromising antagonism to the cigarette.
But the last time I heard of him he was in a front-line dugout. This
was near Château-Thierry. The boys were coming and going from that
awful fight. Men would come in one day and be dead the next. He had
been with them for months, and they had come to love him in spite of
his fighting their favorite pastime. They knew him for his
uncompromising antagonism to cigarettes. They loved him none the less
for that because he did not flinch. Neither was he narrow about
selling them. He sold them because it was his duty, but he hated them.
Then for three days in the midst of the Château-Thierry fighting the
matches played out. Not a match was to be had for three days. The
boys were frantic for their smokes, for the nervous strain was greater
than anything they had suffered in their lives. The shelling was
awful. The noise never ceased. Machine-gun fire and bombing by planes
at night kept up every hour. They saw lifelong friends fall by their
sides every hour of the day and night. They needed the solace of their
smokes.
Their secretary found two matches in his bag. He lit a cigarette for a
boy, and the match was gone. Then he used the other one. Then he did
a magnificent piece of service for which his name shall go down forever
in the memory of those lads. Forever shall he hold their affections in
the hollow of his hands. He proved to those boys that his sense of
service was greater than his prejudices. He kept three cigarettes
going for two days and two nights on the canteen beside him, smoking
them himself in order that that crowd of boys, coming and going into
the battle, in and out of the underground dugout, might have a light
for the cigarettes during the few moments of respite that they had from
the fight.
What a thrill went down the line when that news got to the boys out
there in the woods fighting. One boy told me that a fellow he told
wept when he heard it. Another said: "Good old ----! I knew he had
the guts!" Another said: "I'll say he's a man!" Another came in one
evening and said: "I'm going to quit cigarettes from now. If you're
that much of a man, you're worth listening to!" Another said: "If I
get out of this it's me for the church forever if it has that kind of
men in it!"
Is it any wonder that they brought their last letters to him before
they went into the trenches? Is it any wonder that they asked him for
a little prayer service one night before they went into the trenches?
Is it any wonder that they love him and swear by him?
Is it any wonder that when one of them was asked how they liked their
secretary, the boy said: "Great! He's a man!"
Is it any wonder that when another boy was asked if their secretary was
very religious, responded in his own language: "Yes, he's as religious
as hell, but he's a good guy anyhow!"
That kind of service will win anybody, and that is exactly the kind of
service that the boys of the American army, your boys, are getting all
over France from big, heroic, unprejudiced, fatherly, brotherly men,
who are willing to die for their boys as well as to live for them and
with them down where the shells are thickest and the dangers are
constant.
More than a hundred Y. M. C. A. men gassed and wounded to date, and
more than six killed. One friend of mine stepped down into his cellar
one morning, got a full breath of gas, and was dead in two minutes.
There had been a gas-raid the day before, and the gas had remained in
the cellar. Another I know stayed in his hut and served his men even
though six shell fragments came through the hut while he was doing it.
Another I know lived in a dugout for three months, under shell fire
every day. One day a shell took off the end of the old château in
which he was serving the men. His dugout was in the cellar. But he
did not leave. Another day another shell took off the other end of the
château, but he did not leave. He had no other place to go, and the
boys couldn't leave, so why should he go just because he could leave if
he wished? That was the way he looked at it. One man whom I
interviewed in Paris, a Baptist clergyman, crawled four hundred yards
at the Château-Thierry battle with a young lieutenant, dragging a
litter with them across a stubble wheat-field under a rain of
machine-gun bullets and shells, in plain view of the Germans, and
rescued a wounded colonel. When they brought him back they had to
crawl the four hundred yards again, pushing the litter before them inch
by inch. It took them two hours to get across that field. A piece of
shrapnel went through the secretary's shoulder. He is nearly sixty
years of age, but he did not stop when a service called him that meant
the almost certain loss of his own life.
I know another secretary, Doctor Dan Poling, a clergyman, and Pest, a
physical director, who carried a wounded German, who had two legs
broken, through a barrage of German shells across a field to safety.
But all the Silhouettes of Service are not in the front lines.
There are two divisions to the army. They used to be "The Zone of
Advance" and "The Zone of the Rear." Now they call the second division
"The Services of Supplies." All the men who are not in the actual
fighting belong to "The Services of Supplies."
"How many men does it take to keep one pilot in the machine flying out
over those waters to guard the transports in?" I asked the young ensign
in charge of a seaplane station.
"Twenty-eight," he replied. "There are twenty-eight men back of every
machine and every pilot."
The service that these men render, although it is hard for them to see
it, is just as real and just as heroic as the service of those in the
front lines. The boys in "The Services of Supplies" are eager to get
up front. I have had the joy of making them see in their huts and
camps that their service is supremely important.
One cannot tell what service is more important.
When I landed at Newport News, the first sound that I heard was the
machine-gun hammering of thousands of riveters building ships. I know
how vital that service is to the boys "over there." They could not
live without the ships.
Then I came from Newport News to Washington, on my way home, and we
entered that great city by night. The Capitol dome was flooded with
light. As I looked at it I said to myself: "To-day from this city
emanates the light of the world. The eyes of the whole of humanity are
turned toward this city. That lighted dome is symbol of all this."
As I looked out of the train window as we entered Washington from
Richmond, Virginia, I thought: "Surely not the shipbuilding but the
ideals that go out from the Capitol are the most important 'Services of
Supplies.'"
The next morning I was in Pittsburgh. As my train pulled into that
great city, all along the Ohio River I saw great armies of laboring men
going and coming from work. As one tide of humanity flowed out of the
mills across the bridges, another flowed in, and I said: "Surely not
the shipbuilders, nor the ideal-makers at Washington, but this great
army of laboring men in America forms the most important part of 'The
Services of Supplies'!"
Then I came to New York. In turn I spoke before two significant groups
of men and women. One was a group of women meeting each day to make
Red Cross bandages, and knowing the scarcity of such in France, and
knowing how at times nurses have had to tear up their skirts to bandage
wounds of dying boys, I said: "Surely this is it!"
Then I spoke before the artists of New York, with Mr. Charles Dana
Gibson heading them, and as I had seen their stirring posters
everywhere arousing the nation to action, and knew what an important
part the artists and writers in France had played in "The Services of
Supplies," I said: "Surely these are the most important!"
But I have found at last that none of these are the most important of
all. There is another section to "The Services of Supplies," and that
is more important than the mechanic behind the pilot, more important
than the man who assembles the motor trucks and the ambulances in
France, more important than the ship-builders, more important than the
lawmakers themselves, more important even than the President, more
important than that great army of laborers which I saw in Pittsburgh,
more important than the artists and the Red Cross workers, and that
supreme and important part of the great "Services of Supplies" is the
father and mother, the wife, the child, the home, the church, the great
mass of the common thinking, feeling, suffering, praying, hoping people
of America. If these fail, all fails. If these lose faith and courage
and hope, all lose faith and courage and hope. If these grow
faint-hearted, all before them lose heart. These are they who furnish
the real sinews of war. These are they who must furnish the morale,
the love, the letters, the prayers, the support to both government and
soldier. Yes, the common folks over here at home, I have seen clearly,
are the most important part of the great division of the army that we
call "The Services of Supplies." May we never fail the boy in France.
These are the Silhouettes of Service.
VIII
SILHOUETTES OF SORROW
I wondered at his hold on the hearts of the boys in a certain hospital
in France. It was a strange thing. I went through the hospital with
him and it seemed to me, judging by the conversation with the boys in
the hundreds of cots, that he had just done something for a boy, or he
was just in the process of doing something, or he was just about to do
something.
They called him "daddy."
All day long I wondered at his secret, for he was so unlike any man I
had seen in France in the way he had won the hearts of the boys. I was
curious to know. Something in his eyes made me think of Lincoln. They
had a look like Lincoln in their depths.
That night when I was about to leave I blunderingly stumbled on his
secret. About the only ornament in his bare pine room in the hut was a
picture on the desk. I seized on it immediately, for next to a
sweet-faced baby about the finest thing on earth to look at is a boy
between five and twelve. And here were two, dressed in plaid suits,
with white collars, tousled hair, clean, fine American boys.
I exclaimed as I picked the picture up:
"What a fine pair of lads!"
Then I knew that I had, unwittingly, stumbled into his secret, for a
look of infinite pain swept over his face.
"They are both dead. Last August wife called me on the phone and said
that something awful had happened to the boys. They were all we had,
and I hurried home.
"They had gone out on a Boy Scout picnic. The older had gone in
swimming in the river and had gotten beyond his depth. The younger
went in after him and both were drowned."
"I'm sorry I brought it back," I said humbly.
He didn't notice what I said, but went on.
"Wife and I were broken-hearted. There didn't seem much to live for.
We had lost all. Then came this Y. M. C. A. work, and we thought that
we would like to come over here and do for all the boys in the army
what we could not do for our own. And now wife and I are here, and
every time I do something for a wounded boy in this hospital, I feel as
if I were serving my own dear lads."
"And you are," I said. "And if the mothers and fathers of America know
that men and women of your type are here looking after their lads it
will give them a new sense of comfort and you will be serving them
also."
"And my wife," he added. "You know the boys up at ---- call her 'The
Woman with the Sandwiches and Sympathy.' She got her name because one
night a drunken soldier staggered into the hut and asked for her. He
didn't remember her name, but she had darned his socks, she had written
letters for him, she had mothered him, she had tried to help him. They
wanted to put the poor lad out, but he insisted upon seeing my wife.
Finally, in desperation, seeing that he couldn't think of her name, he
said, 'Wan' see that woman wif sandwiches and sympathy,' and after that
the name stuck."
[Illustration: "The boys call her 'The Woman with Sandwiches and
Sympathy.'"]
And as we knelt in prayer together there in the hut and I arose to
clasp his hand in sympathy, I knew that through service there in
France, through service to your sons, mothers and fathers of America,
this brave man, as well as his wife, were solacing their grief. They
were conquering sorrow in service, thank God.
Yes, there are Silhouettes of Sorrow, but these silhouettes always have
back of them the gold of a new dawn of hope. They are black
silhouettes, but they have a glorious background of sunrise and hope.
I tell of no sorrows here that are not triumphant sorrows, such as will
hearten the whole world to bear its sorrow well when it comes, pray God.
Up at ---- on the beautiful Loire is my friend the secretary. It is a
humble position, and there are not many soldiers there, but he is
serving and brothering, tenderly and faithfully, the few that are
there. No one would ever think of him as a hero, but I do. He, too,
is a hero who is conquering sorrow in service.
His only daughter had been accepted for Y. M. C. A. service in France.
She was all he had. He was a minister at home, and had given up his
church for the duration of the war. Both were looking forward with
keen anticipation to her coming to France. Then came the cable of her
death.
I was there, the morning it arrived, to preach for him. He said no
word to me about the blow. We went on with the service as usual. I
noticed that no hymns had been selected, and that things were not in
very good order for the service. I was a little annoyed at this, but I
am thankful with all my heart this day that I said nothing. I had
decided in my heart that he was not a very efficient religious director
until I heard the next day.
When I asked him why he had not told me, he said a characteristic
thing: "I didn't want to spoil the service. I thought I would keep my
grief in my own heart and fight it out alone."
And fight it out he did. Letters kept coming for several weeks after
the cable, letters full of girlish hope about France, and full of joy
at the thoughts of seeing "daddy" soon. This was the hardest of all.
He could not tear up those precious letters. Her last words and
thoughts were treasures; all that he had left; but they were
spear-thrusts of pain also. But bravely he fought out his battle of
grief, and tenderly he ministered, mothers and fathers of America, to
your boys. Is it any wonder that they loved him, that they went to him
with their loneliness and their heartaches; is it any wonder that he
understood all the troubles that they brought and that they bring to
him?
And then there was the young secretary who had just landed in France.
It had been hard to leave home, especially hard to leave that little
tot of a six-year-old girl, the apple of his eye.
Some of us who have such experiences will understand this story; some
of us who remember what the parting from loved ones meant when we went
to France. One such I remember vividly.
There was the night before in the hotel in San Francisco, when "Betty,"
six-year-old, said, "Don't cry, mother. Be brave like Betty," and who
even admonished her daddy in the same way, "Don't cry, daddy! Be brave
like Betty!" for it was just as hard for the daddy to keep the tears
back, as he thought of the separation, as it was for the mother.
Then the daddy would say to the mother: "I feel ashamed of myself to
cry when I think of the thousands of daddies and husbands who are
leaving their homes, not for six months' or a year's service, but 'for
the period of the war,' and leaving with so much more of a cloud
hanging over them than I. I have every hope that I will be back with
you in six or eight months, but they----"
"Yes, but your own grief will make you understand all the better what
it means to the daddies in the army who leave their babies and their
wives, and oh, dear, be good to them!"
Then there was the next morning at the Oakland pier as the great
transcontinental train pulled out, when the little six-year-old lady
for the first time suddenly saw what losing her daddy meant. She
hadn't visualized it before. Consequently, she had been brave, and had
even boasted of her bravery. But now she had nothing to be brave
about, for as the train started to move she suddenly burst into sobs
and started down the platform after the train as fast as her sturdy
little legs could carry her, crying between sobs, "Come back, daddy!
Come back to Betty! Don't go away!" with her mother after her.
The daddy had no easy time as he watched this tragedy of childhood from
the observation-car. It was a half-hour before he dared turn around
and face the rest of the sympathetic passengers.
Going back on the ferry to San Francisco the weeping did not cease. In
fact it became contagious, for a kindly old gentleman, thinking that
the little lady was afraid of the boat, said: "What's the matter, dear?
Are you afraid?"
"No, sir, I'm not afraid; but my daddy's gone to France, and I want him
back! I want my daddy! I want my daddy!" and the storm burst again.
Then here and there all over the boat the women wept. Here and there a
man pulled a handkerchief out of his pocket and pretended to blow his
nose.
And so we understand what it meant to this young secretary when, upon
landing in France, he got the cable telling of the death of his baby
girl.
At first he was stunned by the blow.
Then came a brave second cable from his wife telling him that there was
nothing that he could do at home; to stay at his contemplated task of
being a friend to the boys.
The brave note in the second cable gave him new spirit and new courage,
and in spite of a heavy heart he went into a canteen, and will any
wonder who read this story that he has won the undying devotion of his
entire regiment by his tireless self-sacrificing service to the
American boys?
What triumphs these are, what triumphs over sorrow and pain.
All of France is filled with these Silhouettes of Sorrow, but each has
a background of triumphant, dawning light.
There was the woman and child that I saw in the Madeleine in Paris,
both in black. They walked slowly up the steps and in through the
great doors to pray for their daddy aviator, who had been killed a year
before.
A man at the door told me that every day they come, that every day they
keep fresh the memory of their loved one.
"But why does she come so long after he is dead?" I asked.
"She comes to pray for the other aviators," he added simply.
It was a tremendous thing to me. I went into the great, beautiful
cathedral and reverently knelt beside them in love and thankfulness
that no harm had come to my own wife and baby. But the memory of that
woman's brave pilgrimage of prayer each day for a year, "for the other
aviators," the picture of the woman and child kneeling, etched its way
into my soul to remain forever.
"As I shot down through the night, falling to what I was certain was
immediate death, I had just one thought," a young aviator said, as we
sat talking in a hotel in Paris.
I said: "What was it?"
"I said to myself: 'What will the poor kiddie do without his dad?"'
Then there is that Silhouette of Sorrow that my friend brought back
from Germany, he who was on the Peace Ship Commission, and who saw a
train-load of German boys leaving a certain German town to fill in the
gaps caused by the losses at Verdun; and because this sorrow is
characteristic of the mother sorrow of the whole world, and especially
of the American mother, and because it has a note of wonderful triumph,
I tell it.
"I thought they were the hardest women in the world," he said, "for as
I watched them saying farewell to their boys there wasn't a tear.
There was laughter everywhere, shouting and smiles, as if those poor
boys were going off to school, or to a picnic, when we all knew that
they were going to certain death.
"I felt like cursing their indifference to the common impulses of
motherhood. I watched a thousand mothers and women as that train
started, and I didn't see a tear. They stood waving their hands and
smiling until the train was out of sight. I turned in disgust to walk
away when a woman near me fainted, and I caught her as she fell. Then
a low moan went up all over that station platform. It was as if those
mothers moaned as one. There was no hysteria, just a low moan that
swept over them. I saw dozens of them sink to the floor unconscious.
They had kept their grief to themselves until their lads had gone.
They had sent their boys away with a smile, and had kept their
heartache buried until those lads had departed."
I think that this is characteristic of the triumphant motherhood of the
whole world. It is a Silhouette of Sorrow, but it has a background of
the golden glory of bravery which is the admiration of all the world.
A recent despatch says that a woman, an American, sent her boy away
smiling a few weeks ago, and then dropped dead on the station, dead of
grief.
One who has lived and worked in France has silhouette memories of
funeral processions standing out in sombre blackness against a lurid
nation. He has memories of funeral trains in little villages and in
great cities; he has memories of brave men standing as doorkeepers in
hotels, with arms gone, with crosses for bravery on their breasts, but
somehow the cloud of sorrow is always fringed with gold and silver. He
has memories of funeral services in Notre Dame and the Madeleine, and
in little towns all over France, but in and around them all there is
somewhere the glory of sunlight, of hope, of courage. Indeed, one
cannot have silhouettes, even of sorrow, if there is no background of
light and hope.
For we know that even in war-time God "still makes roses," as John
Oxenham, the English poet, tells us:
"Man proposes--God disposes;
Yet our hope in Him reposes
Who in war-time still makes roses."
John Oxenham, one of the outstanding poets of the war, wrote this
verse, and for me it has been a sort of a motto of faith during my
service in France. I have quoted it everywhere I have spoken, and it
has sung its way into my heart, like a benediction with its comfort and
its assurance.
It has been surprising, too, the way the boys have grasped at it. I
have quoted it to them privately, in groups, and in great crowds down
on the line, and back in the rest-camps, and in the ports, and
everywhere I have quoted it I have had many requests to give copies of
it to the boys. I quoted it once in a negro hut, hesitating before I
did so lest they should not appreciate it enough to make quoting it
excusable. But I took a chance.
When the service was over a long line of intelligent-looking negro boys
waited for me. I thought that they just wanted to shake hands, but
much to my astonishment most of them wanted to know if I would give
them a copy of that verse, and so I was kept busy for half an hour
writing off copies of that brief word of faith.
One never quite knows all that this verse means until he has been in
France and has seen the suffering, the heartache, the loneliness, the
mud, and dirt and hurt; the wounds and pain and death which are
everywhere.
Then he turns from all the suffering to find a blood-red poppy blooming
in the field behind him; or a million of them covering a green field
like a great blanket. These poppies are exactly like our golden
California poppies. Like them they grow in the fields and along the
hedges; even covering the unsightly railroad-tracks, as if they would
hide the ugly things of life.
I thought to myself: "They look as if they had once been our golden
California poppies, but that in these years of war every last one of
them had been dipped in the blood of those brave lads who have died for
us, and forever after shall they be crimson in memory of these who have
given so much for humanity."
One day in early June I was driving through Brittany along the coast of
the Atlantic. On the road we passed many old-fashioned men, and women
in their little white bonnets and their black dresses.
We stopped at a beautiful little farmhouse for lunch. It attracted us
because of its serene appearance and its cleanliness. A gray-haired
little old woman was in the yard when we stopped our machine.
The yard was literally sprinkled with blood-red poppies. As we walked
in and were making known our desire for lunch a beautiful girl of about
twenty-five, dressed in mourning, stepped to the doorway, her black
eyes flashing a welcome, and cried out: "Welcome, comrade Americaine."
Behind her was a little girl, her very image.
I guessed at once that in this quiet Brittany home the war had reached
out its devastating hand. I had remarked earlier in the day as we
drove along: "It is all so quiet and beautiful here, with the old-gold
broom flowering everywhere on hedge and hill, and with the crimson
poppies blowing in the wind, that it doesn't seem as if war had touched
Brittany."
A friend who knew better said: "But have you not noticed that women are
pulling the carts, women are tilling the fields? Look at that woman
over there pulling a plough. Have you not noticed that there are no
men but old men everywhere?"
He was right. I could not remember to have seen any young men, and
everywhere women were working in the field, and in one place a woman
was yoked up with an ox, ploughing, while a young girl drove the odd
pair.
"And if that isn't enough, wait until we come to the next cathedral and
I'll show you what corresponds to our 'Honor Rolls' in the churches
back home. Then you'll know whether war has touched Brittany or not."
We entered with reverent hearts the next ancient cathedral of Brittany,
in a little town with a population of only about two thousand, we were
told, and yet out of this town close to five hundred boys had been
killed in the Great War. Their names were posted, written with many a
flourish by some village penman. In the list I saw the names of four
brothers who had been killed, and their father. The entire family had
been wiped out, all but the women.
So I was mistaken. As quiet and peaceful as Brittany was during May
and June, as beautiful with broom and poppies as were its fields, it
had not gone untouched by the cruel hand of war. It, too, had
suffered, as has every hamlet, village, and corner of fair France;
suffered grievously.
Thus I was not surprised to hear that this beautiful young woman was
wearing black because her husband had been killed, and that the little
girl behind her in the doorway had no longer any hope that her soldier
daddy would some day come home and romp with her as of old. At the
lunch we were told all about it. True, there were tears shed in the
telling, and these not alone by these brave Frenchwomen and the little
girl, but it was a sweet, simple story of courage. Several times
during its telling the little girl ran over to kiss the tears out of
her mother's eyes, and to say, with such faith that it thrilled us:
"Never mind, mother, the Américains are here now; they will kill the
cruel Boches."
After dinner we walked amid the red poppies in the great lawn that was
the crowning feature of that white-stone home. On the walls of the
ancient house grew the most wonderful roses that I have ever seen
anywhere, not excepting California. Great white roses, so large and
fragrant that they seemed unreal, delicately moulded red roses, which
unfolded like a baby's lips, climbed those ancient stone walls. The
younger woman cared for them herself, and was engaged in that task of
love even before we went away.
I said to her, in what French I could command: "They are the most
beautiful roses I have ever seen."
"Even in your own beautiful America?" she asked with a smile.
"Yes, more beautiful even than in my own America."
"Yes," she said, "they are most beautiful, but they are more than that;
they are full of hope for me. They are my promise that I shall see him
some time again. They come back each spring. He loved them and cared
for them when he was alive. Even on his leave in 1915 he gloried in
them. And when they come back each spring they seem to come to give me
promise that I shall see him again."
Then I translated Oxenham's verses about the roses for her. The
translation was poor, but she caught the idea, and her face beamed with
a new light, and she said: "Ah, yes, it is as I believe, that the good
God who still makes the beautiful roses, he will not take him away from
me forever."
I never read Oxenham's verse now that I do not see that little cottage
in Brittany that has sheltered the same family for centuries; twined
about with great red and white roses; and the old mother and the young
mother and the little lonely girl.
"Yet our hope in Him reposes
Who in war-time still makes roses."
Another time, down on the Toul front lines, I had this thought forced
home by a strange scene. It was in mid-March and for three days a
heavy blizzard had been blowing. I, who had lived in California for
several years, wondered at this blizzard and revelled in it, although I
had had to drive amid its fury, sometimes creeping along at a snail's
pace, without lights, down near the front lines. It was cruelly cold
and hard for those of us who were in the "truck gang."
One night during this blizzard, which blew with such fury as I have
never seen before, we were lost. At one time we were headed directly
for the German lines, which were close, but an American sentry stopped
us before we had gone very far, demanding in stern tones: "Where are
youse guys goin' that direction?"
I replied: "To Toul."
"To Toul! You're going straight toward the Boche lines. Turn around.
You're the third truck that's got lost in this blizzard. Back that
opposite way is your direction."
The morning after it had cleared it was worth all the discomfort to see
the hills and fields of France. One group of hills which I had heard
were the most heavily fortified in all France, loomed like two huge
sentinels before the city. The Germans knew this also, and military
experts say that that is the reason why they did not try to reach Paris
by this route in the beginning of the war.
We were never permitted on these hills, but we had seen them belch fire
many a time as the German airplanes came over the city.
But on this morning, after three days of snow, those great black hills
were transformed, covered with a pure white blanket. The trees were
robed in white. Not a spot of black appeared. Even the great guns on
the top of the hill looked like white fingers pointing toward Berlin.
The roads and fields and hills of France had suddenly been transformed
as by a magic wand into things beautiful and white.
War is black. War is muddy. War is bloody. War is gray. War is full
of hate and hurt and wounds and blood and death and heartache and
heartbreak and homesickness and loneliness.
Thomas Tiplady, in "The Cross at the Front," was right when he
described war as symbolized by the great black cloud of smoke that
unrolled in the sky when a great Jack Johnson had exploded. Everything
that war touches it makes ugly, except the soul, and it cannot blacken
that.
It ruins the fields and makes them torn and cut; it tears the trees
into ragged stumps. It kills the grass and tramples it underfoot. It
takes the most beautiful architecture in the world and makes a pile of
dust and dirt of it. It takes a beautiful face and makes it horrible
with the scars of bayonet and burning gases.
But on this morning God seemed to be covering up all of that ugliness
and dirt and mud and blackness. Fields that the day before had been
nothing but ugly blotches were white and beautiful. Ammunition dumps,
horrible in their suggestion of death, seemed now to have been covered
over and hidden by some kindly hand of love. The great brown-bronzed
hills, the fortifications filled with death and horror were gleaming
white in the morning sunlight.
I said to the other driver: "Well, it's too beautiful to be true, isn't
it? It's a shame to think that when we get back from the front it will
all be gone, melted, and the old mud and dirt will be back again."
"Yes, but it means something to me," he said.
"What does it mean?"
"It means the future."
"What are you talking about, man?"
"Why, it means that some day this land will be beautiful again. It
means that, impossible as that idea seems, the war will cease, that
people will till these fields again, that grass will grow, that flowers
will bloom in these fields again, that people will come back to their
homes in peace. It is symbolical of that great white peace that will
come forever, when the ugly thing we call war will be buried so deeply
underneath the white blanket of peace and brotherhood that the world
will know war no more. It's like a rainbow to me. It is a promise."
I had never heard Tom grow so eloquent before, and what he said sounded
Christian. It sounded like man's talk to me. It was the dream of the
Christ I knew. It was the dream of the prophets of old. It was
Tennyson's dream. Such a dream will not die from the earth, and men
will just keep on dreaming it until some day it will come true, for--
"Man proposes--God disposes;
Yet my hope in Him reposes,
Who in war-time still makes roses."
The white and crimson roses of that little cottage in Brittany, the
quiet and peace and promise and vision of a Jeanne d'Arc in the village
of Domremy; the blooming of a billion red poppies in the fields of
France; the blanketing of the earth with a covering of white snow
sufficient to hide the ugliness of war, even for a day, all give
promise of the God who, in the end, when he has given man every chance
to redeem himself, and who, even amid cruel wars "still makes roses,"
will finally bring to pass "peace on earth; good-will to men."
"_Somewhere in France_."
IX
SILHOUETTES OF SUFFERING
All night long a group of Red Cross and Y. M. C. A. men and women had
been feeding the refugees from Amiens. There were two thousand of them
in one basement room of the Gare du Nord. They had not eaten for
forty-eight hours. Most of them were little children, old men, and
women of all ages.
Two hundred or more of them had been in the hands of the Germans for
two years, and when a few days before it came time for the Germans to
open their second big Somme drive, they had driven these women and
little girls out ahead of them, saying: "Go back to the French now, we
do not want you any longer."
For two days and nights these refugees had tramped the roads of France
without food, many of them carrying little babies in their arms, all of
them weary and sick near unto death.
The little children gripped your heart. As you handed them food and
saw their little claw-like hands clutch at it, and as you saw them
devour it like starved animals, the while clutching at a dirty but
much-loved doll, somehow you could not see for the mists in your eyes
as you walked up and down the narrow aisles of that crowded basement
pouring out chocolate and handing out food. The things you saw every
minute in that room hung a veil over your eyes, and you were afraid all
the while that in your blinding of tears you would step on some
sleeping, starving child, who was lying on the cold floor in utter
exhaustion, regardless of food.
One woman especially attracted me. I noticed her time and time again
as I walked past her with food. She was lying on her back on the
floor, with nothing under her, her arms thrown back over her head, a
child in her arms, or rather, lying against her breast asleep. She
looked like an educated, cultured woman. Her features were beautiful,
but she looked as if she had passed through death and hell in
suffering. I asked her several times as I passed by if she wouldn't
have some food, and each time she gave some to her baby but took none
herself. She could hardly lift her body from the stone basement to
feed the child, and feeling that the thing that she needed most herself
was food, I urged her to eat, but she would not.
Finally I stopped before her and asked her if she was ill. She looked
up into my face and said: "Très fatiguée, monsieur! Très fatiguée,
monsieur!" (Very weary, sir! Very weary, sir!)
By morning she was rested and accepted food. Then she told me her
story. Two days before in her village they had been ordered by the
army to leave their homes in a half-hour; everybody must be gone by
that time; the Germans were coming, and there was no time to lose. She
had hastily gathered some clothes together. The baby was lying in its
crib. Her other child, a little six-year-old girl, had gone out into
the front of the home watching for the truck that was to gather up the
village people. A bomb fell from a German Gotha and killed this child
outright, horribly mangling her body. This suffering mother just had
time to pick the little mangled body up and lay it on a bed, kiss its
cheeks good-by and leave it there, for there was no other way. She did
not even have the satisfaction of burying her child.
"Very weary! Very weary!" I can hear her words yet: "Très fatiguée!
Très fatiguée!" No wonder you were fatigued, mother heart. You had a
right to be, weary unto death. No wonder you did not care to eat all
that long horrible night in the Gare du Nord.
Loneliness is naturally one of the things with which our own boys
suffer most. When one remembers that these Americans of ours are
thousands of miles away from their homes, most of them boys who have
never been away from home in their lives before; most of them boys who
have never crossed the ocean before, they will judge fairly and
understand better the loneliness of the American soldier. It is not a
loneliness that will make him any the less a soldier. Ay, it is
because of that very home love, and that very eagerness to get back to
his home, that he will and does fight like a veteran to get it over.
"Gosh! I wish I would find just one guy from Redding!" a
seventeen-year-old boy said to me one night as I stood in a Y. M. C. A.
hut. He was about the loneliest boy I saw in France. I saw that he
needed to smile. He was nothing but a kid, after all.
"Gosh! I wish I'd see just one guy from San Jose!" I said with a
smile. Then we both laughed and sat down to some chocolate, and had a
good talk, the very thing that the lad was hungry for.
He had been in France for nearly a year and he hadn't seen a single
person he knew. He had been sick a good deal of the time and had just
come from an appendix operation. He was depressed in spirits, and his
homesickness had poured itself out in that one phrase: "Gosh! I wish
I'd see just one guy from Redding!"
Those who do not think that homesickness comes under the heading of
"Suffering" had better look into the face of a truly homesick American
boy in France before he judges.
The English Tommy is only a few hours from home, and knows it. The
French soldier is fighting on his own native soil, but the American is
fighting three thousand miles away from home, and some of them seven
thousand.
"I haven't had a letter in five months from home," a boy in a hospital
said to me. He was lonely and discouraged. And right here may I say
to the American people that there is no one thing that needs more
constant urging than the plea that you write, write, write to your
soldier in France. He would rather have letters than candy, or
cigarettes, or presents of any kind, as much as he loves some of these
material things. I have put it to a vote dozens of times, and the
result is always the same; ten to one they would rather have a letter
from home than a package of cigarettes or a box of candy. I have seen
boys literally suffering pangs that were a thousand times worse than
wounds because they did not receive letters from those at home.
"Hell! Nobody back there cares a damn about me! I haven't received a
letter in five months!" a boy burst out in my presence in Nancy one
night.
"Have you no mother or sister?"
"Yes, but they're careless; they always were about letter-writing."
I tried to fix up excuses for them, but it tested both my imagination
and my enthusiasm to do it. I could put no real heart into making
excuses for them, and so my words fell like lame birds to the ground,
and the tragedy of it was that both of us knew there was no good
excuse. It was the most pitiable case I saw in France. God pity the
careless mother or sister or father or friend who isn't willing to take
the time and make the sacrifice that is needed to at least supply a
letter three times a week to the lad who is willing to sacrifice his
all, if need be, that those at home may live in peace, free from the
horror of the Hun.
"Less Sweaters
And More Letters"
might very well be the motto of the folks here at home, for the boys
would profit more in the long run, both in their bodies and in their
souls. A censor friend of mine said to me one day: "If you ever get a
chance when you go home to urge the people of America to write, and
write, and write to their boys, do it with all your heart. You could
do no better service to the boys than that."
"What makes you feel so keenly about it?" I asked him, for he talked so
earnestly that it surprised me. Ordinarily you think of the censor as
utterly devoid of humanitarian impulses, just a sort of a machine to
slice out the really interesting things in your letters, a great human
blue pencil, or a great human pair of scissors. But here was a censor
that felt deeply what he was saying.
"I'll tell you," he replied, "it is because some of the letters that I
read which are going back home from lonely boys, begging somebody to
write to them; literally begging somebody, anybody, to write! It gets
my goat! I can't stand it. I often feel like adding a sentence to
some letters myself going home, telling them they ought to be ashamed
the way they treat their boys about letter-writing; but the rules are
so stringent that I must neither add to nor take from a letter save in
the line of my duties. I'd like to tell a few of the people back home
what I think of them, and I'd like for them to read some of the
heartaches that I read in the letters of the boys. Then they'd
understand how I feel about it."
I shall never forget my friend the wrestler when I asked how it was
that he kept so clean, and he replied: "The letters help a lot."
I have seen boys suffering from wounds of every description. I have
seen them lying in hospitals with broken backs. I have seen them with
blinded eyes. I have seen them with legs gone, and arms. I have seen
them when the doctors were dressing their wounds. I remember one
captain who had fifty wounds in his back, and he had them dressed
without a single cry. I have seen them gassed, and I have seen them
shot to pieces with shell shock, and yet the worst suffering I have
seen in France has been on the part of boys whose folks back home have
neglected them; boys who, day after day, had seen the other fellows get
their letters regularly, boys who had gone with hope in their hearts
time after time for letters, and then had lost hope. This is real
suffering, suffering that does more to knock the morale out of a lad
than anything that I know in France.
Silhouettes of Suffering stand out in my memory with great vividness.
One general cause of suffering in addition to the above is loneliness
in the heart of the young husband and father, who has a wife and kiddie
back home.
I remember one young officer that I saw in a Paris hotel. He had been
out in the Vosges Mountains with a company of wood-choppers for six
months. He had come in for his first leave. His leave lasted eight
days. Instead of going to the theatres he sat around in our officers'
hotel lobby and watched the women walking about, the Y. M. C. A. girls
who were the hostesses there. They noticed him as he sat there all
evening, hardly moving. After several nights one of the men
secretaries went up to him and said: "Why don't you go over and talk
with them? They would be glad to talk with you."
"Oh," he said, "I never was much for women at home, except my wife and
kid. I never did know how to talk to women. Especially now, for I've
been up in the woods for six months. Just let me sit here and look at
'em. That's enough for me. Just let me sit here and look at 'em!"
And that was the way he spent his leave, just loafing around in that
hotel lobby watching the women at their work.
"This has been the loneliest day of my life," a major said to me on
Mother Day in a great port of entry.
"Why, major?"
Then he reached into his pocket and pulled out the picture of a
seven-year-old boy and that boy's mother.
Suffering? Yes, of course I have seen boys wounded, as I have said,
but for real downright suffering, loneliness is worst, and it lies
entirely within the province of the folks at home to alleviate this
suffering. I have seen a boy morose and surly, discouraged and grouchy
in the morning. He didn't know what was the matter with himself. In
the afternoon I have seen him laughing and yelling like a wild animal
at play, happy as a lark.
What was the difference? He had gotten a letter.
[Illustration: What was the difference? He had gotten a letter.]
Then there is the Silhouette of Physical Suffering. Hundreds of these
sombre silhouettes stand out against a lurid background of fire and
blood. One only I quote because it has a fringe of hope.
The boy's back was broken. It had been broken by a shell concussion.
There were no visible signs of a wound on his body anywhere, the
doctors told me in the hospital. He did not know it as yet. He
thought it was his leg that was hurt. They asked me to tell him, as
gently as I could. It was a hard task to give a man.
He was lying on a raised bed so that, when I went up to it, it came up
to my neck almost, and when I talked with the lad I could look straight
into his eyes. Those eyes I shall never forget, they were so fearless,
so brave, and yet so full of weariness and suffering.
I took his hand and said: "Boy, I am a preacher." For once I didn't
say anything about being a secretary. I just told him I was a preacher.
He said: "I am so glad you have come. I just wanted to see a real,
honest-to-goodness preacher." He forced a smile to accompany this
sentence.
"Well, I'm all of that, and proud of it," I replied, smiling back into
his brave eyes.
"I'm so tired. I try to be brave, but I've been lying here for three
months now, and my leg doesn't seem to get any better. It pains all
the time until I think I'll die with the agony of it. I never sleep
only when they give me something. But I try hard to be brave."
"You are brave!" I said to him. "They all tell me that, the doctors
and nurses."
"They are so good to me." he said in low tones so that I had to bend to
hear them. "But my leg; they don't seem to be able to help me."
Then I told him as gently as I could that it was not his leg, that it
was his back, and that he would likely not get well. Then I tried to
tell him of the room in his Father's house that was ready for him when
he was ready to accept it, and of what a glorious welcome there was
there.
He reached out for my hand in the semi-darkness of that evening. I can
feel his hand-clasp yet. I didn't know what to say, but a phrase that
had lingered in my mind from an old story came to the rescue.
"Don't you want the Christ to help you bear your pain?" I asked him.
"That is just what I do want," he said simply. "That was why I was so
glad you came--an honest-to-goodness preacher," and he smiled again, so
bravely, in spite of his suffering, and in spite of the news that I had
just broken to him.
Then we prayed. I stood beside his bed holding his hand and praying.
The room was full of other wounded boys, but in the twilight I doubt if
a lad there knew what we were doing. I spoke low, just so he could
hear, and the Master knew what was in my heart without hearing.
When I was through I felt a pressure of his hand, and he said: "Now I
feel stronger. He is helping me bear my burden. Thank you for coming,
and"--then he paused for words "and--thank you for bringing Him."
Yes, there is suffering in France, suffering among our soldiers, too,
but suffering that is glorified by courage.
X
SOLDIER SILHOUETTES
One night down near the front lines as we drove the great truck slowly
over the icy roads, on the top of a little knoll stood a lone sentinel
against a background of snow, and that is a silhouette that I shall
never forget.
Another night there was a beautiful afterglow, and being a lover of the
beautiful as well as a driver of a truck, I was lost in the wonder of
the crimson flush against the western hills.
"Makes me homesick," said the big man beside me, whose home is in the
West. "Looks for all the world like one of our Arizona afterglows."
"It is beautiful," I replied, and then we were both lost in silent
appreciation of the scene before us, when suddenly we were startled
witless.
"Halt!" rang out through the semi-darkness. "Who goes there?"
"Y. M. C. A." we shot back as quick as lightning, for we had learned
that it doesn't pay to waste time in answering a sentinel's challenge
down within sound of the German guns.
"Pass on, friends," was the grinning reply. That rascal of a sentry
had caught us unawares, lost in the afterglow, and he was tickled over
having startled us into astonishment.
But even though he did give us a scare, I am sure that the picture of
him standing there in the middle of that French road, with his gun
raised against the afterglow, will be one of the outstanding
silhouettes of the memories of France.
Then there was the old Scotch dominie down at Château-Thierry, with the
marines. The boys called him "Doc," and loved him, for he had been
with them for eight months.
One night, in the midst of the hottest fighting in June, the old
secretary thought he would go out in the night and see how the boys
were getting along. He walked cautiously along the edge of the woods
when suddenly the word "Halt!" shot out in low but distinct tones.
"Who goes there?"
"A friend," the secretary replied.
"Oh, it's you, is it, Doc? Gee, I'm glad to see you! This is a darned
weird place to-night. Every time the wind blows I think it's a Boche."
There was a slight noise out in No Man's Land. "What's that, Doc, a
Boche?"
"I think not."
"You can't tell, Doc; they're everywhere. If I've seen one, I've seen
ten thousand to-night on this watch."
That old gray-haired secretary will never forget that night when he
walked among the men in the trenches with his little gifts and his word
of cheer, that memorable night before the Americans made themselves
heroes forever in the Bois du Belleau. He will never forget the sound
of that boy sentry's voice when he said, "Gee, Doc, I'm glad it's you";
nor will he forget the looks of the boy as he stood there in the
darkness, the guardian of America's hopes and homes, nor will he forget
the firm, warm clasp of the lad's hands as he walked away to greet
others of his comrades.
These are Soldier Silhouettes that remain vivid until time dies, until
the "springs of the seas run dust," as Markham says:
"Forget it not 'til the crowns are crumbled;
'Til the swords of the Kings are rent with rust;
Forget it not 'til the hills lie humbled;
And the springs of the seas run dust."
No, we do not forget scenes and moments like these in our lives.
Then there is the silhouette of the profile of the captain of a certain
American machine-gun company who, in March, marched with his men into
the Somme line. He was an old football-player back in the States, and
we were having a last dinner together in Paris, a group of college men.
After dinner, when we had finished discussing the dangers of the coming
weeks, and he had told us that his major had said to him, "If fifteen
per cent of us come out alive, I shall be glad," and after we had
drifted back to the old college days, and home and babies, and after he
had shown us a picture of his wife and his kiddies, it became strangely
quiet in the room, and suddenly he turned his face from us, with just
the profile showing against the light of the window, and exclaimed: "My
God, fellows, for a half-hour you have made me forget that there is a
war, and I have been back on the old campus again playing football, and
back with my babies."
Then his jaw set, and I shall never forget the profile of his face as
that set look came back and once again he became the captain of a
machine-gun company.
Then there was the lone church service that my friend Clarke held one
evening at a crossroads of France. He had held seven services that
Sunday, one in a machine-gun company's dugout, with six men; another
with a group of a dozen men in a front-line trench; another with
several officers in an officers' dugout; another with a battery outfit
who were "On Call," expecting orders to send over a few shells; another
with several men out in No Man's Land, on the sunny side of an old
upturned mass of tree roots; one in a listening-post, and finally this
service with a lone sentry at a crossroads.
"But how did you do it?" I asked.
"I just saw him there," Clarke replied, "and he looked lonely, and I
walked up and said: 'How'd you like to have me read a little out of the
Book?'
"'Fine!' he said.
"Then I prayed with him, standing there at the crossroads, and I asked
him if he didn't want to pray. He was a church boy back home, and he
prayed as fine a prayer as ever I heard. Then we sang a hymn together.
It was 'Jesus, Lover of My Soul,' and neither of us can sing much, but
as I look back on it, it was the sweetest music that I ever had a part
in making. The only thing I didn't do was take up a collection.
Outside of that, it was just as if we had gone through a regular church
service at home. I even preached a little to him. No, not just
preached, but talked to him about the Master."
"Did you even go so far with your lone one-man congregation as to have
a benediction?" I asked him.
"No, I just said what was in my heart when we were through, 'God bless
and keep you, boy,' and went on."
"I never heard a finer benediction than that, old man," I replied with
feeling.
And the silhouette of that one Y. M. C. A. secretary holding a
religious service with a lone sentry of a Sunday evening, bringing back
to the lad's memory sacred things of home and church and the Christ,
giving him a new hold on the bigger, better things, bringing the Christ
out to him there on that road, that silhouette is mine to keep forever
close to my heart. I shall see that and shall smile in my soul over it
when eternity calls, and shall thank God for its sweetening influence
in my life.
And so this comfort may come to the mothers and fathers of America,
that through the various agencies of the American army, through General
Pershing's intense interest in righteous things, through that
Lincoln-like Christian leader of the chaplains, Bishop Brent, through
the Y. M. C. A., and the Salvation Army, and the Knights of Columbus,
your boy has his chance, whatever creed, or race, or church, to worship
his God as he wishes; and not one misses this opportunity, even the
lonely sentinel on the road. And the glorious thing about it is that
boys who never before thought of going to church at home, crowd the
huts on Sundays and for the good-night prayers on week-days.
Just before the battle of Château-Thierry, "Doc," of whom I have spoken
in this chapter before, said: "Boys, do you want a communion service?"
"Yes," they shouted.
Knowing that there were Catholics and Jews and Protestants and
non-believers there, he said: "Now, anybody who doesn't want to take
communion may leave."
Not a single man left. Out of one hundred or more men only two did not
kneel to take of the sacred bread and wine. Two Jews knelt with the
others, several Roman Catholics, and men of all Protestant
denominations. Half of them were dead before another sunrise came
around, but they had had their service.
Every man has his opportunity to worship God in his own way and as
nearly as possible at his own altars in France. There was the story of
"The Rosary."
It was Hospital Hut Number ----, and half a thousand boys from the
front, wounded in every conceivable way, were sitting there in the hut
in a Sunday-evening service. Many of them had crutches beside them;
others canes. Some of them, had their heads bandaged; others of them
carried their arms in slings. Some of them had lost legs, and some of
them had no arms left. Their eager faces were lighted with a strange
light, such as is not seen on land or sea, and on most of those faces,
unashamed, ran over pale cheeks the tears of homesickness as the young
corporal whom I had taken with me from another town sang "The Rosary."
I have never heard it sung with more tenderness, nor have I heard it
sung in more beautiful voice. That young lad was singing his heart out
to those other boys. He had not been up front himself as yet, for he
was in a base port attending to his duties, which were just as
important as those up front, but it was hard for him to see it that
way. So he loved and respected these other lads who had, to his way of
thinking, been more fortunate than he, because they had seen actual
fighting. He respected them because of their wounds, and he wanted to
help them. So he lifted that rich, sweet, sympathetic tenor voice
until the great hut rang with the old, old song, and hearts were melted
everywhere. I saw, back in the audience, a group of nurses with bowed
heads. They knew what the rosary meant to those who suffer and die in
the Catholic faith. They, too, had memories of that beautiful song. A
group of officers, including a major, all wounded, listened with heads
bowed.
As I sat on the crude stage and saw the effects of his magical voice on
this crowd I got to thinking of what this war is meaning to that fine
understanding of those who count the beads of the rosary and those who
do not. I had seen so many examples of fine fraternal fellowship
between Catholic and Protestant that I felt that I ought to put it down
in some permanent form.
There is a true story of one of our Y. M. C. A. secretaries who was
called to the bedside of a dying Catholic boy. There was no priest
available, and the boy wanted a rosary so badly. In his half-delirium
he begged for a rosary. This young Protestant Y. M. C. A. secretary
started out for a French village, five miles away, on foot, to try to
find a rosary for this sick Catholic boy, and after several hours'
search he found a peasant woman whom he made understand the emergency
of the situation, and he got the loan of the rosary and took it back
through five miles of mud to the bedside of that Catholic lad, and
comforted him with the feel of it in his fevered hands and the hope of
it in his fevered soul. When I heard this story it stirred me to the
very fountain depths, but I have seen so much of this fine spirit of
service in the Y. M. C. A. since then that I have come to know that as
far as the Y. M. C. A. is concerned all barriers of church narrowness
are entirely swept away.
I have had most delightful comradeship since I have been in France in
one great area as religious director with two Knights of Columbus
secretaries and one father--Chaplain Davis--all of whom say freely and
eagerly: "We have never had anything but the finest spirit of
co-operation and friendship from the Y. M. C. A."
"Why," added Chaplain Davis, a Catholic priest, "why, the first Sunday
I was here, when I had no place to take my boys for mass, a secretary
came to me and offered me the hut. It has always been that way."
The story of the French priest who confessed a dying Catholic boy
through a Y. M. C. A. Protestant secretary interpreter, in a Y. M. C.
A. hut, has been told far and wide, but it is only illustrative of the
broadening lines of Catholicism and the wider fraternal relations of
all professed Christians.
The marvellous story that my friend, the French chaplain, tells of
being marooned in a shell-hole at Verdun for several days with a
Catholic priest, and of their discussion of religion and life there
under shell-fire, and the tenderness with which the Catholic priest
kissed the hand of the Protestant French chaplain when the two had
agreed that, after all, there was one common God for a common,
suffering nation of people, and that this war would break all church
barriers down, and that out of it would come a new spirit in the
Catholic church, a new brotherhood for all. That was an impressive
indication of the thing that is sweeping France to-day in church
circles, and that will sweep America after the war.
Then there is that other story of the Catholic priest who had been in
the same regiment with a French Protestant chaplain, each of whom
deeply respected the other because of the unflinching bravery that each
had displayed under intense shell-fire, and of the great love that each
had seen the other show in two years of constant warfare in the same
regiment. Then came that terrible morning at Verdun, when the French
Protestant chaplain, the friend of the Catholic priest, had been killed
while trying to bring in a wounded Catholic boy from No Man's Land. On
the day of this Protestant chaplain's funeral the Catholic priest stood
in God's Acre with bared head, and spoke as tender and as sincere a
eulogy as ever a man spoke over the grave of a dear friend, spoke with
the tears in his eyes most of the time. Church lines were forgotten
here. It was a prophetic scene, this, where a Catholic priest spoke at
the funeral of a Protestant chaplain. It was prophetic of that new
church brotherhood that is to come after the war is over.
XI
SKY SILHOUETTES
They are the lights, the lights of war. Sometimes they are just the
stars shining out that makes the wounded soldier out in No Man's Land
look up, in spite of shell-fire and thunder, in spite of wounds and
death, in spite of loneliness and heartache, in spite of mud and rain,
to exclaim, as Donald Hankey tells us in a most wonderful chapter of "A
Student in Arms": "God! God everywhere, and underneath are the
everlasting arms!"
Sometimes the Sky Silhouettes number among their own just a moonlight
night with a crescent moon sailing quietly and serenely over the
horizon in the east, while great guns belch fire in the west, a fire
that seems to shame the timid moon itself.
Sometimes they are search-lights cleaving the sky over a great city
like Paris, or along the front lines, or gleaming from an air-ship.
Sometimes they are signal-lights flashing out of the darkness from a
patrolling plane overhead, or a blazing trail of fire as a patrol falls
to its death in a battle by night.
Sometimes they are signal-lights flashing from an observation balloon
anchored in the darkness over the trenches to guard the troops from
dangers in the air.
Sometimes they are the flashes, the fleet, swallow-like flashes, of an
enemy plane caught in the burning, blazing path of a search-light, and
then hounded by it to its death.
Sometimes they are signals flashed from the top of a cruiser on the
high seas across the storm-tossed waters to a little destroyer, which
flashes back its answer, and then in turn flashes a message of light to
one of the convoying planes overhead in the dim dusk of early evening.
Sometimes these Sky Silhouettes are the range-finders that poise in the
air for a few seconds, guiding the air patrols home, and sometimes they
are just the varied, interesting, gleaming, flashing "Lights of War."
XII
THE LIGHTS OF WAR
One's introduction into the war zone and into war-zone cities and
villages, and one's visits "down the line" to the front by night, will
always be filled with the thrill of the unusual because of the Lights
of War. Where lights used to be, there are no lights now, and where
they were not seen before the war, they are radiant and rampant now.
The first place that an American traveller notices this absence of
lights is on the boat crossing over the Atlantic. From the first night
out of New York the boats travel without a single light showing. Every
light inside of the boat is covered with a heavy black crape, and the
port-holes and windows are so scrupulously and carefully chained down
that the average open-air fiend from California or elsewhere feels that
he will suffocate before morning comes, and even in the bitterest of
winter weather I have known some fresh-air fiends to prefer the deck of
the ship, with all of its bitter winds and cold, to the inside of a
cabin with no windows open. I stood on the deck of an ocean liner
"Somewhere on the Atlantic" a few months ago as the great ship was
ploughing its zigzag course through the black waters, dodging
submarines. There was not a star in the sky. There was not a light on
the boat. Absolutely the only lights that one saw was when he leaned
over the railing and saw the splash of innumerable phosphorescent
organisms breaking against the boat. I have seen the like of it only
once before, and this was on the Pacific down at Asilomar one evening,
when the waves were running fire with phosphorescence. It was a
beautiful sight there and on the Atlantic too.
IT WAS MIDNIGHT
On this particular night, as far as one could see, this brilliant
organic light illuminated the sea like the hands of my luminous
wrist-watch were made brilliant by phosphorescence. I noticed this and
looked down at my watch to see what time it was. It was midnight.
As I looked, my friend, who was standing beside me on the deck, said:
"The last order is that no wrist-watches that are luminous may be
exposed on the decks at night. That order came along with the order
forbidding smoking on the decks at night. The Germans can sight the
light of a cigar a long distance through their periscopes."
I smiled to myself, for it was my first introduction to the romantic
part that lights and the lack o' lights is playing in this great World
War. Then my friend continued his observations as we stood there on
the aft deck watching the white waves break, glorious with
phosphorescence. He said: "What a topsyturvy world it is. Three years
ago if a great ship like this had dared to cross the Atlantic without a
single light showing, it would have horrified the entire world, and
that ship captain would have been called to trial by every country that
sails the seas. He would have been adjudged insane. But now every
ship sails the seas with no navigation-lights showing."
IN WAR COUNTRY
But when one gets his real introduction into the lights o' war is when
he gets into the war country. It is eight o'clock in a great French
city. This French city has been known the world over for its brilliant
lights. It has been known for its gayly lighted boulevards, and indeed
this might apply to one of three or four French cities. Light was the
one scintillating characteristic of this great city. The first night
that one finds himself here he feels as though he were wandering about
in a country village at home. No arc-lights shine. The window-lights
are all extinguished. The few lights on the great boulevards are so
dimmed that their luminosity is about that of a healthy firefly in June
back home. One gropes his way about, feeling ahead of him and
navigating cautiously, even the main boulevards.
The first time I walked down the streets of this great city at night I
had the same feeling that I had on the Atlantic. I was sailing without
lights, on an unknown course, and I felt every minute that I would bump
into some unseen human craft, as indeed I did, both a feminine craft
and a male craft. I also had the feeling that in this particular city,
in the darkness I might be submarined by a city human U-boat, which
would slip up behind me. After having my second trip here I still have
that feeling as I walk the streets; the unlighted streets of this city,
and especially the side-streets, by night.
FRENCH CITY DURING RAID
But the one time when you catch the very heart and soul of the lights
o' war is when you happen to drop into a French city while the Boches
are making a raid overhead. I have had this experience in towns and
villages and cities. At the signal of the siren the lights of the
entire city suddenly snuff out, and the city or town or village is in
total darkness. Candles may be lighted and are lighted, but on the
whole one either walks the dark streets flashing his electric "Ever
Ready," or huddled up in a subway or in a cellar, or in a hallway
listening to the barrage of defense guns and to the bombs dropping,
watches and listens and waits in total darkness, and while he waits he
isn't certain half the time whether the noise he hears is the dropping
of German bombs or the beating of his own heart. Both make entirely
too much noise for peace and comfort.
As one approaches the front-line cities and towns he learns something
more about the lights o' war. It is dark. He is in a little town and
must go to another town nearer the front lines. He is standing at the
depot (gare). No lights are visible save here and there an absolutely
necessary red or green light, which is veiled dimly. His train pulls
silently in. There is not a single light on it from one end to the
other. It creeps in like a great snake. There is nobody to tell you
whether this is your train or not, but you take a chance and climb into
a compartment which is pitch-dark.
HEARS AMERICAN VOICE
You have a ticket that calls for first-class military compartment, but
you climbed into the first open door you saw, and didn't know and
didn't care whether it was first, second, third, or tenth class just so
you got on your way. Your eyes soon became accustomed to the darkness
and you discerned two or three forms in the seat opposite you. You
wondered if they were French, Italians, Belgians, English, Australians,
Canadians, Moroccans, Algerians, or Americans. It was too dark to see,
but suddenly you heard a familiar voice saying, "Gosh, I wish I was
back in little ole New York," and you made a grab in the darkness for
that lad's hand.
All during your trip no trainman appears. You are left to your own
sweet will at nights in the war zone when you are on a train. No
stations are announced. You are supposed to have sense enough to know
where you are going, and to have gumption enough to get off without
either being assisted or told to do so. The assumption, I suppose, is
that anybody who travels in the war zone knows where he is going.
Personally, I felt like the American phrase, "I don't know where I'm
going but I'm on the way," and I tried to jump off at two or three
towns before I got to my own destination, but the American soldiers had
been that way before on their way to the trenches, and wouldn't let me
off at the wrong place. I thought surely that somebody would come
along to take my ticket, but nobody appeared. I soon found that night
trains "on the line" pay little attention to such minor matters as
tickets, and I have a pocketful that have never been taken up. Time
after time I have piled into a train at night, after buying a ticket to
my destination; have journeyed to my destination, have gone through the
depot and to my hotel without ever seeing a trainman to take the
ticket. I was let severely alone. And even if a conductor had come
along through the train it would have been too dark for him to have
seen me, and I am sure I could have dodged him had I so desired. Maybe
that's the reason they don't take the tickets up. Anyhow, I have given
you a picture of a great train in the war zone, winding its way toward
the front, in complete darkness.
FLASH-LIGHTS
Flash-lights have come into their own in this war. One would as soon
think of living without a flash-light as he would think of travelling
without clothes in Greenland. It simply cannot be done. In any city,
from Paris to the smallest towns on the front, one must have his
flash-light. The streets of the cities and towns of France are a
hundred times more crooked than those of Boston. If Boston's streets
followed the cow-paths, the streets of the cities of France followed
cows with the St. Vitus dance. Around these streets one had to find
his way by night with a flash-light, especially during an air-raid.
One must have a flash, too, for the houses and hotels when an air-raid
is on, and one must have it when one is driving a big truck or an
automobile down along the front lines, for no lights are permitted on
any machines, official or otherwise, after a certain point is reached.
One of the favorite outdoor sports of this preacher for a month was to
lie on his stomach on the front mud-guard of a big Pierce-Arrow through
the war-zone roads, bumping over shell-holes, with a little pocket
flash-light playing on the ground, searching out the shell-holes, and
trying to help the driver keep in the road. It is a delightful
occupation about two o'clock in the morning, with a blizzard blowing,
and knowing that the big truck is rumbling along within sight and sound
of the German big guns. Trucks make more noise on such occasions than
a Twentieth Century Limited. "No lights beyond divisional
headquarters" was the order, and night after night we travelled along
these roads with only an occasional flash of the Ever Ready to guide.
And so it is that the flash-light has come to its own, and every
private soldier, officer, and citizen in France is equipped with one.
He would be like a swordfish without its sword if he didn't have it.
LADDER OF LIGHT
Then suddenly you see a strange finger of light reaching into the sky.
Or you may liken it to a ladder of light climbing the sky. Or you may
liken it to a lance of light piercing the darkness. Or you may just
call it a good, old-fashioned search-light, which it is. It is
watching for Hun planes, and it plays all night long from north to
south, from east to west, restlessly, eagerly, quickly, like a "hound
of the heavens" guarding the earth. First it sweeps the horizon, and
then it suddenly shoots straight up into the zenith like another sun,
and it seems to flood the very skies. No German plane can cut through
that path of light without being seen, and one night I had the rare
privilege of seeing a plane caught by the search-light on its
ever-vigilant patrol. It was a thrilling sight. One minute later the
anti-aircraft guns were thundering away and the shrapnel was breaking
in tiny patches around this plane while the search-lights played on
both the plane and the shrapnel patches of smoke against the sky,
making a wonderful picture. Military writers say that the enemy planes
are more afraid of these search-lights than of the guns.
[Illustration: One night I had the privilege of seeing a plane caught
by the search-light.]
But perhaps the most thrilling sight of all is that dark night when one
sees for the first time the star-shells along the horizon. At first
you may see them ten miles away making luminous the earth. Then as you
drive nearer and nearer, that far-off heat-lightning effect disappears
and you can actually see the curve of the star-shells as they mount
toward the skies over No Man's Land and fall again as gracefully as a
fountain of water. Sometimes you will see them for miles along the
front, making night day and lighting up the fields and surrounding
hills as though for a great celebration.
BURSTING BOMBS
The light of bursting shells as they fall, or of bursting bombs from an
aeroplane, is a short, sharp, quick light like an electric flash when a
wire falls or a flash of sharp lightning, but the light of the great
guns along the line as they thunder their missiles of death can be seen
for miles when a bombardment is on. One forgets the thunder of these
belching monsters, and one forgets the death they carry, in the glory
of the flame of noonday light that they make in the night.
Then there are the range-finders. These suddenly shoot up in the
night, steady and clear, and remain for several minutes burning
brightly before they go out. I used to see these frequently driving
home from the front. They were sent up from the hangars to guide the
French and American planes to a safe landing by night.
Then there is the moonlight. Moonlight nights in towns along the war
front are dreaded, for it invariably means a Boche raid. Clear
moonlight nights with a full moon are fine for lovers in a country that
is at peace, but it may mean death for lovers in a country that is at
war. But moonlight nights are beautiful even in war countries, with
dim old cathedrals looming in the background, and the white villages of
France, a huge château here and there against the hillside or crowning
its summit; and the white roads and white fields of France swinging by.
One forgets there is war then, until he hears the unmistakable beat of
the Hun plane overhead and sees the flash of one, two, three, four,
five, six, ten, twelve, fifteen bombs break in a single field a few
hundred yards away, and the driver remarks: "I knew we'd have a raid
tonight. It's a great night for the Boche!"
STARLIGHT AT FRONT
Then there is the starlight on No Man's Land, for the starlight is a
part of the lights o' war just as are the moonlight and the star-shells
and the little flash-lights and the range-finders and the bursting
shells and bombs. But there are other more significant lights o' war.
There is the "Light that Lies in the Soldiers' Eyes," of which my
friend Lynn Harold Hough has written so beautifully and
understandingly. Only over here it is a different light. It is the
light of a great loneliness for home, hidden back of a light that we
see in the eyes of the three soldiers in the painting "The Spirit of
Seventy-Six." It is there. It is here. One sees it in the eyes of
the lads who have come in out of the trenches after they have had their
baptism of fire. I have seen them come in after successfully repulsing
a German raid and I have seen their eyes fairly luminous with victory,
and that light says, as said the spirit of France, not only "They shall
not pass," but it says something else. It says: "We'll go get 'em!
We'll go get 'em!" That's the light o' war that lies in the soldiers'
eyes back of the light of home. I verily believe that the two are
close akin. The American lad knows that the sooner we lick the Hun the
sooner he'll get back home, where he wants to be more than he wants
anything else on earth.
Y. M. C. A.'s LIGHT
Then there's the light in the Y. M. C. A. hut, and from General
Pershing down to the lowest private the army knows that this is the
warmest, friendliest, most home-like, most welcome light that shines
out through the darkness of war. It not only shines literally by
night, but it shines by day. I have seen some huts back of the front
lines lighted by the most brilliant electricity. Some of it is
obtained from local power-plants, and some of it is made by the Y. M.
C. A. Then I have seen some huts up near the lines that were lighted
by old-fashioned oil-lamps. Then I have been in Y. M. C. A. dugouts
and cellars and holes in the ground, up so close to the German lines
that they were shelled every day, and these have been lighted by tallow
candles stuck in a bottle or in their own melted grease. I have seen
huts back of the lines away from danger of air-raids that could have
their windows wide open, and I have seen the light pouring in a flood
out of these windows, a constant invitation to thousands of American
boys. And again I have seen our huts in places so near the lines that
the secretaries had not only to use candles but to screen their windows
with a double layer of black cloth, so that not a single ray of that
tiny candle might throw its beams to the watching German on the hill
beyond. I never knew before what Shakespeare meant when he said: "How
far a tiny candle throws its beams." But whether it has been in the
more protected huts back of the lines or in the dangerous huts close to
the lines, the lights in the huts are usually the only lights available
for the boys, and to these lights they flock every night. It is a
Rembrandt picture that they make in the dim light of the candles
sitting around the tables writing letters by candle-light. It is their
one warm, bright spot, for a great stove nearly always blazes away in
the Y. M. C. A. hut, and it is the only warmth the lad knows. Few of
the billets or tents in France boast of a stove.
Two things I shall never forget. One was the sight of a Y. M. C. A.
hut that I saw in a town far back of the trenches. It was in the town
where General Pershing's headquarters are located. On the very tip of
the hill above me was the hut. Its every window was a blaze of light.
It was the one dominating, scintillating building of the town, a big
double hut. When I climbed the hill to this hut I found it crowded to
its limits with men from everywhere. The rest of the town was dark and
there was little life, but here was the pulse of social life and
comradeship, and here was the one blaze and glory of light.
The other sight that I shall not forget was up within a few hundred
yards of the German lines. It was night. We were returning from our
furtherest hut "down the line." We met a crowd of American soldiers
tramping through the snow and mud and cold. They were shivering even
as they walked. We stopped the machine and gave them a lift. I asked
one of the lads where he was going. He said: "Down to the 'Y' hut in
----." I said: "Where is your camp?" He replied: "Up at ----." I
said: "Why, boy, that's four miles away from the hut." "We don't care.
We walk it every night. It's the only warm place in reach and the only
place where we can be where there are lights at night and where we can
get to see the fellows and write a letter. We stay there for an hour
or two and tramp back through this ---- (censored) mud to our billets."
And of all the lights o' war one must know that the lights of the Y. M.
C. A. huts cast their beams not only into the hearts of these lads but
across the world, and sometimes I think across the eternities, for in
these huts innumerable lads are seeing the light that never was on land
or sea, and are finding the light that lights the way to Home. And
these are the lights o' war.
XIII
SILHOUETTES OF SUNSHINE
There is laughter and song and sunshine among our boys in France. Let
every mother and father be sure of that. Your boys are always lonely
for home and for you, but they are not depressed, and they are there to
stay until the job is done. There are times of unutterable loneliness,
but usually they are a buoyant, happy, human crowd of American boys.
Those of us who have lived with them, slept with them, eaten with them,
come back with no sense of gloom or depression. I say to you that the
most buoyant, happy, hopeful, confident crowd of men in the wide world
is the American army in France. If you could see them back of the
lines, even within sound of the guns, playing a game of ball; if you
could see them putting on a minstrel show in a Y. M. C. A. hotel in
Paris; if you could see a team of white boys playing a team of negro
boys; if you could see a whole regiment go in swimming; if you could
see them in a track meet, you would know that, in spite of war, they
are living normal lives, with just about the same proportion of
sunshine and sorrow as they find at home, with the sunshine dominant.
Some Silhouettes of Sunshine gleam against the background of war like
scintillating diamonds and
"Send a thrill of laughter through the framework
of your heart;
And warm your inner being 'til the tear drops
want to start."
There was that watch-trading incident on the Toul line.
The Americans had only been there a week, but it hadn't taken them long
to get acquainted with the French soldiers. About all the two
watch-trading Americans knew of French was "Oui! Oui!" and they used
this every minute.
The American soldiers had a four-dollar Ingersoll watch, and this
illuminated time-piece had caught the eye of the French soldier. He,
in turn, had an expensive, jewelled, Swiss-movement pocket-watch. The
American knew its value and wanted it.
They stood and argued. Several times during the interesting
transaction the American shrugged his shoulders and walked away as if
to say: "Oh, I don't want your old watch. It isn't worth anything."
Then they would get together again, and the gesticulating would begin
all over; the machine-gun staccato of "Oui Oui's" would rattle again,
and the argument would continue, without either one of the contracting
parties knowing a word of the other's language.
At last I saw the American soldier unstrap his Ingersoll and hand it
over to the Frenchman, who, in turn, pulled out the good Swiss-movement
watch, and both parties to the transaction went off happy, for each had
gotten what he wanted.
One of the funniest things that happened in France while I was there
was told me by a wounded boy one Sunday afternoon back of the Notre
Dame cathedral. He was invalided from the Château-Thierry scrap in
which the American marines had played such a heroic part. He was a
member of the marines, and was slightly wounded. He saw that I was a
secretary, and thought to play a good joke on me. He pulled out of his
breast-pocket a small black thing that looked and was bound just like a
Bible. Its corner was dented, and it was plain to be seen that a
bullet had hit it, and that that book had stopped its death-dealing
course.
I should have been warned by a gleam that I saw in his eyes, but was
not. I said: "So you see that it's a good thing to be carrying a Bible
around in your pocket?"
"Yes, that saved my life last week," he said impressively. Then he
showed me the hole in his blouse where it had hit. The hole was still
torn and ragged. In the meantime I was opening what I thought was his
Bible.
It was a deck of cards.
I can hear that fine American lad's laughter yet. It rang like the
bells of the old cathedral itself, in the shadow of which we stood.
His laughter startled the group of old men playing checkers on a park
bench into forgetting their game and joining in the fun. Everybody
stopped to see what the fun was about. That lad had a good one on the
secretary, and he was enjoying it as much as the secretary himself.
Then he said: "Now I'll tell you a good story to make up for fooling
you."
"You had better," I said with a sheepish grin.
Then he began:
"There was a fellow named Rosenbaum brought in with me last week to the
Paris hospital, wounded in three places. They put me beside him and he
told me his story.
"It was at Belleau Wood and the Americans were plunging through to the
other side driving the Boche before them. This Jewish boy is from New
York City, and one of the favorites of the whole marine outfit. He had
gotten separated from his friends. Suddenly he was confronted by a
German captain with a belching automatic revolver. The Hun got him in
the shoulder with the first shot. Then the American made a lunge with
his bayonet, and ran the captain through the neck, but not before the
captain shot him twice through the left leg. The two fell together.
When the boy from New York came to consciousness he reached out and
there was the dead German officer lying beside him.
"The boy took off the captain's helmet first, and pulled it over to
himself. Then he took his revolver and his cartridge-belt and piled
them all in a little pile. Then he took off his shoes and his trousers
and every stitch of clothes that the officer had on, and painfully
strapped them around himself under his own blouse. After he had done
this he strapped the officer's belt on himself. When the
stretcher-bearers got to him and had taken him to a first-aid and the
nurses took his clothes off, they found the officer's outfit.
"'Say, boy, are you a walking pawnshop?' the good-natured doctor said,
and proceeded to take the souvenirs away.
"This was the military procedure, but the New York boy cried and said:
'I'll die on your hands if you take them away.'
"He was a serious case, and so they humored him and let him keep his
souvenirs, and when I saw them take him out to a base hospital this
morning, he still had them strapped to him, with a grin on his face
like a darky eating watermelon."
"What did you say his name was?" I asked.
"Rosenbaum," the boy replied. "Rosenbaum from New York."
"Say, if they'd only recruit a regiment like that from America, we'd
send the whole German army back to Berlin naked," added another soldier
who was standing near.
Then we all had another good laugh, which in its turn disturbed the old
men playing checkers on the bench under the trees back of Notre Dame.
But the soldier who told me the story added thoughtfully a truth that
every one in France knows.
"At that, I'm tellin' you, boy, there aren't any braver soldiers in the
American army than them Jewish boys from New York. I got 'o hand it to
them."
"Yes, we all do," I replied.
This good-natured raillery goes on all over the army, for it is a
cosmopolitan crowd, such as never before wore the uniform of the United
States, and each group, the negro group, the Italian group, the Jewish
group, the Slav group, the Western group, the Southern group, the
Eastern group, all have their little fun at the expense of the others,
and out of it all comes much sunshine and laughter, and no bitterness.
The Jewish boy loves to repeat a good joke on his own kind as well as
the others. I myself saw the letter that a Jewish boy was writing to
his uncle in New York, eulogizing the Y. M. C. A. He was not an
educated lad, but he was a wonderfully sincere boy, and he pleaded his
cause well. He had been treated so well by the "Y" that he wanted his
uncle to give all his spare cash to that great organization. This is
the letter:
"DEAR UNCLE:
"This here Y. M. C. A. is the goods. They give you chocolate when
you're goin' into the trenches and they gives you chocolate when you're
comin' out and they don't charge you nothin' for it neither. If you
are givin' any money don't you give it to none of them Red Crosses nor
to none of them Salvation Armies, nor to none of them Knights of
Columbuses; but you give it to them Y. M. C. A.'s. They treat you
right. They have entertainments for you and wrestlin' matches, and
they give you a place to write. And what's more, Uncle _they don't
have no respect fer no religion_.
"Yours,
"BILL."
Yes, France is full of Silhouettes of Sunshine. There was the eloquent
Y. M. C. A. secretary. And while he didn't exactly know it, he too was
adding his unconscious ray of light to a dull and desolate world.
The Gothas had come over Paris the night before, and so had a group of
some one hundred and fifty new secretaries. The Gothas had played
havoc with two blocks of buildings on a certain Paris street because of
the fact that the bombs they dropped had severed the gas-mains. The
result did have a look of desolation I'll have to admit. So far the
new secretaries had done no damage.
Now there is one thing common to all the newly arrived in France, be
they Y. M. C. A. secretaries, Knights of Columbus workers, Red Cross
men, or just the common garden variety of "investigators," and that is
that for about two weeks they are alert to hear the bloodiest, most
drippy, and desolate-with-danger stories that they can hear, for the
high and holy purpose of writing back home to their favorite paper, or
to their wives or sweethearts, of how near they were to getting killed;
of how the bombs fell just a few minutes before or just a few minutes
after they were "on that very spot"; of how the raid came the very
night after they were in London or Paris; of how just after they had
walked along a certain street the Big Bertha had dropped a shell there;
of how the night after they had slept in a certain hotel down in Nancy
the Germans blew it up. We're all alike the first week, and staid war
correspondents are no exception to the rule. It gets them all.
I came on my friend telling this crowd of eager new secretaries of the
damage that the Gothas had done the night before. There they stood in
a corner of the hotel with open ears, eyes, and mouths. Most of them
were on their toes ready to make a break for their rooms and get all
the horrible details down in their letters home and their diaries
before it escaped them. They were torn between a fear that they would
forget some of the horrid details and for fear some other fellow would
get the big story back home to the local paper before they could get it
there. When I came in, this nonchalant narrator was having the time of
his young life. He was revelling in description. Color and fire and
blood and ruin and desecration flowed from his eloquent lips like water
over Niagara.
When I got close enough to hear, he was at his most climactic and last
period of eloquence. He made a gesture with one hand, waving it
gracefully into the air full length, with these words: "Why, gentlemen,
I didn't see anything worse at the San Francisco earthquake."
In three seconds that crowd had disappeared, each to his own letter,
and each to his own diary. Not a detail must escape. How wonderful it
would be to describe that awful destruction, and say at the end of the
letter: "And this happened just the night before we reached Paris."
Only the vivid artist of description and myself remained in the hotel
lobby, and having heard him mention San Francisco, my own home, I was
naturally curious and wanted to talk a bit over old times, so I went up
to the gentleman and said: "I heard you say to that gang that you
hadn't seen anything worse at the San Francisco earthquake, so I
thought I'd have a chat about San Francisco with you."
"Why, I was never in San Francisco in my life," he said with a grin.
"But you said to those boys, 'I didn't see anything worse at the San
Francisco earthquake,'" I replied.
"Well, I didn't, for I wasn't there. I just gave them guys what they
was lookin' for in all its horrible details, didn't I? Ain't they
satisfied? Well, so am I, bo."
This story has a meaning all its own in addition to the fact that it
produced one of the bright spots in my experiences in France. That
eloquent secretary represents a type who will tell the public about
anything he thinks it wants to know about the "horrible details" of war
in France, and facts do not baffle his inventive genius.
One characteristic of the American soldier in France is his absolute
fearlessness about dangers. He doesn't know how to be afraid. He
wants to see all that is going on. The French tap their heads and say
he is crazy, a gesture they have learned from America. And they have
reason to think so. When the "alert" blows for an air-raid the French
and English have learned to respect it. Not so the American soldier.
"Think I'm comin' clear across that darned ocean to see something, and
then duck down into some blamed old cellar or cave and not see anything
that's goin' on! Not on your life. None o' that for muh! I'm going
to get right out on the street where I can see the whole darned show!"
And that's just what he does. I've been in some twenty-five or thirty
air-raids in four or five cities of France, and I have never yet seen
many Americans who took to the "abris." They all want to see what's
going on, and so they hunt the widest street, and the corner at that,
to watch the air-raids.
One night during a heavy raid in Paris, when the French were safely
hidden in the "abris," because they had sense enough to protect
themselves, I saw about twenty sober but hilarious American soldiers
marching down the middle of the boulevard, arm in arm, singing "Sweet
Adelaide" at the top of their voices, while the bombs were dropping all
over Paris, and a continuous barrage from the anti-aircraft guns was
cannonading until it sounded like a great front-line battle.
That night I happened to be watching the raid myself from a convenient
street-corner. Unconsciously I stood up against a street-lamp with a
shade over me, made of tin about the size of a soldier's steel helmet.
Along came a French street-walker, looked at me standing there under
that tiny canopy, and with a laugh said as she swiftly passed me,
"C'est un abri, monsieur?" looking up. The air-raid had not dampened
her sense of humor even if it had destroyed her trade for that night.
[Illustration: The air-raid had not dampened her sense of humor.]
Another story illustrative of the never-die spirit of the Frenchwomen,
in spite of their sorrows and losses: One night, when the rain was
pouring in torrents, a desolate, chilly night, I saw a girl of the
streets plying her trade, standing where the rain had soaked her
through and through. Were her spirits dampened? Was she discouraged?
Was she blue? No; she stood there in the rain humming the air of an
opera, oblivious to the fact that she was soaked through and through,
and cold to the bone.
This is the undying spirit of France. I do not know whether this girl
was driven to her trade because she had lost her husband in the war,
but I do know that many have been. I do not know anything about her
life. I do know that there she stood, soaked through and through, a
frail child of the street, plying her trade, and singing in the rain.
The silhouette of this frail girl and her spirit is typical of France:
"Her head though bloody is unbowed." Somehow that sight gave me
strength.
The reaction of the German submarining in American waters on the boys
"Over There" will be interesting to home-folks. When the news got to
France that submarines were plying in American waters near New York,
did it produce consternation? No! Did it produce regret? No! Did it
make them mad? No!
It made them laugh. All over France the boys laughed, and laughed;
laughed uproariously; doubled up and laughed. I found this everywhere.
I do not attempt to explain it. It just struck their funny bones. I
heard one fellow say: "Now the next best thing would be for a sub some
night, when there was nobody in the offices, to throw a few shells into
one of those New York skyscrapers."
"I'll say so! I'll say so!" was the laughing reply.
"Wow! There'd be somethin' doin' at home then, wouldn't there?" my
friend the artillery captain said with a grin.
But about the funniest thing I heard along the sunshine-producing line
was not in France but coming home from France, on the transport. It
came from a prisoner on the transport who was sentenced to fifteen
years for striking a top-sergeant.
One night outside of my stateroom I heard some words, and then a blow
struck, and a man fall. There was a general commotion.
The next morning the fellow who struck the blow was summoned before the
captain of the transport.
"See here, my man, you are already sentenced for fifteen years, and
it's a serious offense to strike a man on the high seas."
"I didn't strike him on the high seas, sir, I struck him on the jaw."
The captain was baffled, but went on:
"What did you hit the man for?"
"He argued with me. I can't stand it to be argued with."
"But you shouldn't strike a man and split his mouth open just because
he disagrees with you," said the captain severely.
"I just don't seem to be able to stand it to have a guy argue with me,"
he replied, not abashed in the slightest.
"Well, you go to your bunk. I'll think it over and tell you in the
morning what I'll do about it," said the captain, and turned away.
But the man waited. The captain, seeing this, turned and said: "Well,
what do you want?"
"All I got to say, captain, is that you mustn't let any of them guys
argue with me again, for if they do I'll do the same thing over if you
give me fifty years for it. I just can't stand it to have a man argue
with me."
Silhouettes of Sunshine? France is full of them. There were the
fields full of a million blood-red poppies back in Brittany, and the
banks of old-gold broom blooming along a thousand stone walls; there
were the negro stevedores marching to work, winter and summer, rain or
shine, night or day, always whistling or singing as they marched, to
the wonderment of French and English alike. Their spirits never seemed
to be dampened. They always marched to music of their own making.
There was that baseball game, when an entire company of negroes,
watching their team play a white team, at the climax of the game when
one negro boy had knocked a home run, ran around the bases with him,
more than two hundred laughing, shouting, grinning, singing, yelling
negroes, helping to bring in the score that won the game. Then there
was that Sunday morning when several white captains decided that their
negro boys should have a bath. They took their boys down to an ocean
beach. It was a bit chilly. The negroes stripped at order, but they
didn't like the idea of going into that cold ocean water. One captain
solved the difficulty. He took his own clothes off. He got in front
of his men. He lined them up in formation. Then he said: "Now, boys,
we're going to play that ocean is full of Germans. You stevedores are
always complaining about not getting up front, and you tell me what
you'd do to the Germans if you once got up front. Now I'm going to see
how much nerve you've got. When I say 'Forward! March!' it is a
military order. I'm going to lead you into that water. We are going
in military formation.
"'Forward! March!'"
And that company of black soldiers marched into that cold ocean water,
dreading it with all their souls but soldiers to the core, without a
quaver, eyes to the front, heads up, chests out, unflinchingly, up to
their knees, up to their waists, up to their chins, when the captain
shouted "As you were!" and such a hilarious, shouting, laughing,
splashing, jumping, yelling, fun-filled hour as followed the world
never saw. The gleaming of white teeth, the flashing of ebony limbs
through green water and under sparkling sunlight that Sunday morning
was full of a fine type of fun and laughter that made the world a
better place to live in, and certainly a cleaner place.
War is grim. War is serious. War is full of hurt and hate and pain
and heartache and loneliness and wounds, and mud and death and dearth;
but the American soldier spends more time laughing than he does crying;
more time singing than he does moaning; more time playing than he does
moping; more times shouting than he does whimpering; more time hoping
than he does despairing; and because of this effervescent spirit of
sunshine and laughter his morale is the best morale that any army in
the history of the world has ever shown.
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