Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, 1853, by Various
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
Title: Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, 1853
A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
Author: Various
Editor: George Bell
Release Date: January 21, 2007 [EBook #20409]
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
Journals.)
Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
are listed at the end of the text.
{493} NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
* * * * *
"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
* * * * *
No. 186.]
Saturday, May 21, 1853.
[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
* * * * *
CONTENTS.
NOTES:-- Page
Lord Bacon's "Advancement of Learning" 493
Erection of Forts at Michnee and Pylos, by C. Forbes 495
Hoveden's Annals: Bohn's "Antiquarian Library," by
James Graves 495
FOLK LORE:--Raven Superstition--African Folk Lore
--Funeral Custom 496
Shakspeare Readings, No. VII. 496
MINOR NOTES:--Portrait of Luther--Randle Wilbraham
--Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott--Crassus'
Saying 498
QUERIES:--
Bees and the Sphynx atropos, by Sydney Smirke 499
"The Craftsman's Apology," by James Crossley 499
Palissy and Cardinal Wiseman 499
MINOR QUERIES:--Polidus--St. Paul's Epistles to
Seneca--Meaning of "folowed"--Roman Catholic
Registers--St. Alban's Day--Meigham, the London
Printer--Adamsoniana--Canker or Brier Rose--
"Short red, god red"--Overseers of Wills--Lepel's
Regiment--Vincent Family--Passage in the First
Part of Faust--Lady Anne Gray--Continental Brasses
--Peter Beaver--Cremonas--Cranmer and Calvin 499
MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--"A Letter to a Convocation
Man"--Prester John--Homer's Iliad in a
Nut--Monogram of Parker Society--The Five Alls--
Corvizer 502
REPLIES:--
English Comedians in Germany 503
A Gentleman executed for whipping a Slave to Death,
by Henry H. Breen 503
Longevity 504
Derivation of Canada, by Robert Wright 504
Setantiorum Portus 505
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Stereoscopic Queries
--Photographic Portraits of Criminals, &c.--Photography
applied to Catalogues of Books--Application
of Photography to the Microscope 505
REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Discovery At Nuneham
Regis--Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas--Parochial Libraries
--Painter--Pepys's "Morena"--Pylades and
Corinna--Judge Smith--Grindle--Simile of the Soul
and the Magnetic Needle--English Bishops deprived
by Queen Elizabeth--Borrowed Thoughts--Dr. South
_v._ Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c.--Foucault's Experiment
--Passage in "Locksley Hall"--Lake of
Geneva--"Inter cuncta micans"--"Its"--Gloves
at Fairs--Astronomical Query--Tortoiseshell Tom
Cat--Sizain on the Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender
--Wandering Jew--Hallett and Dr. Saxby--
"My mind to me a kingdom is"--Claret--Suicide at
Marseilles--Etymology of Slang--Scanderbeg's Sword
--Arago on the Weather--Rathe--Carr Pedigree--
Banbury Cakes--Detached Belfry Towers, &c. 507
MISCELLANEOUS:--
Notes on Books, &c. 513
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 514
Notices to Correspondents 514
Advertisements 514
* * * * *
NOTES.
LORD BACON'S "ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING."
Considering the large number of quotations from previous writers which
occur in Lord Bacon's works, and especially in his most popular and
generally read works--his _Essays_ and his _Advancement of Learning_--it is
remarkable how little his editors have done for the illustration of his
text in this respect. The French editors of Montaigne's _Essays_, who is
likewise a writer abounding in quotations, have bestowed much care on this
portion of their author's text. The defect in question has, however, been
to a great extent supplied in a recent edition of the _Advancement of
Learning_, published by Mr. Parker in West Strand; and it is to be hoped
that the beginning, so usefully made, may be followed up by similar
editions of other of Bacon's works.
The edition in question, though it traces the great majority of Bacon's
quotations, has left some gleanings to its successors; and I propose now to
call attention to a few passages of the _Advancement of Learning_ which,
after the labours of the late editor, seem still to require further
elucidation. My references are to the pages of the new edition:--
P. 25. "Then grew the flowing and watery vein of Osorius the Portugal
bishop to be in price."
The editor prints _Orosius_ for _Osorius_, and adds this note:
"All the editions have _Osorius_, which, however, must be a mere
misprint. He was not a Portuguese, but a Spaniard, born at Tarragona,
nor indeed ever a bishop. He was sent by St. Augustine on a mission to
Jerusalem, and is supposed to have died in Africa in the earlier part
of the fifth century."
The text of Bacon is quite right. The allusion is not to Paulus Orosius, a
Spaniard, who flourished at the beginning of the fifth century; but to
Jerome Osorio, who was born at Lisbon in 1506, afterwards became Bishop of
Silves, and died in 1580. His works were published at Rome in 1592, in 4
vols. folio. His principal work, _De rebus Emanuelis Virtute et Auspicio
gestis_, which first appeared in 1571, was several times reprinted, and was
translated into French and English. {494}
P. 31. "Time, which is the author of authors."
In _Nov. Org._, i. 84., Time is called "Auctor auctorum, atque adeo omnis
auctoritatis."
P. 34. "But of these conceits Aristotle speaketh seriously and wisely,
when he saith, 'Qui respiciunt ad pauca de facili pronunciant."
The editor does not attempt to trace this passage. Query, If it is not in
Aristotle, where is it to be found?
P. 60. "Ulysses, 'Qui vetulam prætulit immortalitati' is a figure of
those which prefer custom and habit before all excellency."
The editor refers to _Cic. de Orat._, i. 44., where it is said that such is
the love of country,
"Ut Ithacam illam, in asperrimis saxulis, tanquam nidulum, affixam,
sapientissimus vir immortalitati anteponeret."
Another application of the saying is made by Bacon in his Essay VIII., "On
Marriage and Single Life:"
"Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly
loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses, 'vetulam suam prætulit
immortalitati.'"
The passage in Cicero does not agree with the dictum quoted by Bacon, which
seems to be a reference to the _Odyssey_, v. 136. 208-10.
P. 62. "Claudus in vià antevertit cursorem extra viam."
The same proverb is quoted in _Nov. Org._, i. 61.
P. 85. "Omnia mutantur, nil interit"--
from Ovid, _Met._, xv. 165.
Several passages are cited by Bacon from Seneca, which the editor does not
trace. Thus, in p. 146., it is said,--
"Nocet illis eloquentia, quibus non rerum cupiditatem facit, sed sui."
Page 147.,--
"Vere magnum habere fragilitatem hominis, securitatem Dei."
The same passage is also quoted by Bacon in Essay V., "On Adversity," and
in the treatise _De Sap. Vet._, vol. x. p. 343., edit. Montagu.
Again, p. 159.:
"De partibus vitæ quisque deliberat, de summâ nemo."
Page 152.,--
"Cogita quamdiu eadem feceris," &c.,
repeated in part in the "Essay on Death."
This last passage is taken, with considerable verbal variations, from
Epist. 77. § 6.
"Therefore Aristotle, when he thinks to tax Democritus, doth in truth
commend him, where he saith, _If we shall indeed dispute, and not
follow after similitudes_," &c.
The passage referred to is in _Eth. Nic._, vi. 3.; but it contains no
allusion to Democritus, who is not even named in the _Ethics_; and the word
which Bacon renders _dispute_ ([Greek: akribologeisthai]) means _to speak
with precision_.
P. 163. "For as the ancient politiques in popular states were wont to
compare the people to the sea, and the orators to the winds."
The allusion is to a couplet of Solon:
"[Greek: ex anemôn de thalassa tarassetai? ên de tis autên]
[Greek: mê kinêi, pantôn esti dikaiotatê.]"
_Fragm._ i. 8., ed. Gaisford.
And to a passage of Livy (xxviii. 27.):
"Multitudo omnis, sicut natura maris, per se immobilis est, venti et
auræ cient."
Compare Babrius, fab. 71.
P. 165. "Did not one of the Fathers, in great indignation, call poesy
_vinum dæmonum_?"
The same citation recurs in Essay I., "On Truth:"
"One of the Fathers, in great severity, called poesy _vinum dæmonum_."
Query, Who is the Father alluded to?
Page 177., the sayings, "Faber quisque fortunæ propriæ" is cited; and
again, p. 178., "Faber quisque fortunæ suæ." In Essay XL., "On Fortune," it
is quoted, with the addition, "saith the poet." The words are to be found
in Sallust, _Ad Cæsar. de Rep. Ord._, ii. 1.:
"Sed res docuit, id verum esse, quad in carminibus Appius ait, fabrum
suæ esse quemque fortunæ."
The Appius alluded to is Appius Claudius the Censor.
Bacon proceeds to say:
"This conceit or position [viz. 'Faber quisque,' &c.], if it be too
much declared and professed, hath been thought a thing impolitic and
unlucky, as was observed in Timotheus the Athenian, who, having done
many great services to the estate in his government, and giving an
account thereof to the people, as the manner was, did conclude every
particular with this clause, 'And in this Fortune had no part.' And it
came so to pass, that he never prospered in anything he took in hand
afterwards."
The anecdote is as follows:--Timotheus had been ridiculed by the comic
poets, on account of the small share which his own management had had in
his successes. A satirical painting had likewise been made, in which he was
represented sleeping, while Fortune stood over him, and drew the cities
into his net. (See Plutarch, _Reg. et Imp. Apophth._, vol. ii. p. 42., ed.
Tauchnitz; Ælian, V. H. xiii. 42.) On one occasion, however, having
returned from a successful expedition, he remarked to the Athenians, in
allusion to the previous sarcasms, that in this campaign at least Fortune
had no share. Plutarch, who relates the latter {495} anecdote in his _Life
of Sylla_, c. 6., proceeds to say, that this boast gave so much offence to
the deity, that he never afterwards prospered in any of his enterprises.
His reverse of luck, in consequence of his vainglorious language against
Fortune, is also alluded to by Dio Chrysost. _Orat._, lxiv. § 19., edit.
Emper. It will be observed that Plutarch refers the saying of Timotheus to
a single expedition; whereas Bacon multiplies it, by extending it over a
series of acts.
P. 172. "Cicero reporteth that it was then in use for senators that had
name and opinion for general wise men, as Coruncanius, Curius, Lælius,
and many others, to walk at certain hours in the Place," &c.
The passage alluded to is _De Orat._, iii. 83. The persons there named are
Sex. Ælius, Manius Manilius, P. Crassus, Tib. Coruncanius, and Scipio.
P. 179. "We will begin, therefore, with this precept, according to the
ancient opinion, that the sinews of wisdom are slowness of belief, and
distrust."
The precept adverted to is the verse of Epicharmus:
"[Greek: naphe kai memnas' apistein? arthra tauta tôn phrenôn.]"
P. 180. "Fraus sibi in parvis fidem præstruit, ut majore emolumento
fallat."
Query, Where does this passage occur, as well as the expression "alimenta
socordiæ," which Demosthenes, according to Bacon, applies to small favours.
L.
* * * * *
ERECTION OF FORTRESS AT MICHNEE AND PYLOS.
Mr. Dartnell, Surgeon of H. M. 53rd regiment, gives the following account
of the building of a fort which has lately been erected at Michnee to check
the incursions of the Momunds into the Peshawur Valley:
"There was little to be done, except to build a fort, and here the
officers had to superintend and direct the working parties which were
daily sent out.... Laborers from far and near, Cashmerees, Caboolees,
men from the Hindoo Koosh, Afreedees, Khyberees, &c., all working
together with hearty goodwill, and a sort of good-humoured rivalry....
It is only when working by contract, however, that the Cashmeree
displays his full physical powers, and it is then perfectly refreshing,
in such a physically relaxing and take-the-world-as-it-goes sort of a
country as this, to observe him.... And then to see him carry a burden!
On his head? No. On his back? Yes, but after a fashion of his own,
perfectly natural and entirely independent of basket, or receptacle of
any kind in which to place it. I have now in my garden some half-dozen
of these labourers at work, removing immense masses of clay, which are
nearly as hard as flint, and how do they manage? My friend Jumah Khan
reverts his arms, and clasping his hands together behind his back,
receives the pyramidal load, which generally overtops his head, and
thus he conveys it to its destination," &c.--Colburn's _United Service
Magazine_, December, 1852, pp. 514, 515.
Thucydides tells us that as soon as the crews of the Athenian ships,
weatherbound at Pylos in the spring of the year B.C. 425, had made up their
minds to kill time by fortifying their harbour of refuge,--
"They took the work in hand, and plied it briskly.... The mud that was
anywhere requisite, for want of vessels, they carried on their
shoulders, bending forwards as much as possible, that it might have
room to stick on, and holding it up with both hands clasped fast behind
that it might not slide down."--Book iv. chap. 4. (Smith's
Translation.)
C. FORBES.
Temple.
* * * * *
HOVEDEN'S ANNALS--BOHN'S "ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY."
Considering the cheap issue of all standard works of reference a great boon
to the general student, I was predisposed to welcome heartily Mr. Bohn's
_Antiquarian Library_. If, however, _cheapness_ be accompanied by
_incorrectness_, the promised boon I conceive to be worthless; even one or
two glaring errors rendering the student distrustful of the entire series.
I was led to form the first of these conclusions on receiving vol. i. of a
translation of the _Annals of Roger de Hoveden_, by Henry T. Riley, Esq.,
barrister-at-law; who introduces the work by a flourish of trumpets in the
Preface, on the multifarious errors of the London and Frankfort editions,
and the labour taken to correct _his own_; to the second by observing,
whilst cutting the leaves, the following glaring errors, put forward too as
_corrections_:--Vol. i. p. 350., Henry II. is stated by the _Annalist_ to
have landed in Ireland, A.D. 1172, "at a place which is called _Croch_,
distant _eight miles_ from the city of Waterford." Here Mr. Riley, with
perfect gravity, suggests _Cork_[1] as the true reading!! Can it be, that a
barrister-at-law, with an ominously Irish-sounding name, is ignorant that
the city of Cork is somewhat more distant than _eight miles_ from the _urbs
intacta_, as Waterford loves to call herself? The fact is, however, that
Hoveden and his former editors were nearly correct: on {496} old maps of
the harbour of Waterford, Crook Castle is laid down inside Creden Head, on
the Waterford side of the harbour; and Crook is still the name of a place
at the point indicated, somewhat more however than eight miles from
Waterford.
Again, at p. 351. occurs Hoveden's well-known and valuable enumeration of
the Irish episcopal sees at the same period, of which Mr. Riley observes:
"Nearly all these are mis-spelt ... they are in a state of almost hopeless
confusion." And then, to make confusion worse confounded, his note on the
Bishop of Ossory (p. 352.) says "In the text, 'Erupolensis' is perhaps a
mistake for 'Ossoriensis.'" Now, _Erupolensis_ happens to be a correct
_alias_ of Ossoriensis: the former characterising the diocese from
Kilkenny, the cathedral city, which being seated on the Nore, or
Neor--Hibernicè _Eoir_, Latinè _Erus_, was sometimes called Erupolis--the
latter from the territory with which the see was and is co-extensive, the
ancient kingdom of Ossory.
How many more errors there may be in the first volume of the work, I cannot
say: but, at all events, what the reader has to complain of is, _not_ that
the translator was unable to tell all about "Croch" and "Erupolis," but
that, not knowing, he has made matters worse by his hardy elucidations.
Truly, at this rate, it were better that no cheap edition of Hoveden were
vouchsafed to the public.
JAMES GRAVES.
Kilkenny.
[Footnote 1: This geographical _morceau_ was nearly equalled by a scribe in
the _Illustrated London News_, who stated that her Gracious Majesty's
steam-yacht, with its royal freight and attendant squadron, when coasting
round from Cork to Dublin in the year 1849, had entered Tramore Bay, and
thence steamed up to Passage in the Waterford Harbour! A truly _royal road_
to safety; and one that, did it exist, would have saved many a gallant crew
and ship, which have met their fate within the landlocked, but ironbound
and shelterless, jaws of Tramore Bay.]
* * * * *
FOLK LORE.
_Raven Superstition._--On a recent occasion, at an ordinary meeting of the
guardians of the poor, an application was made by the relieving officer on
behalf of a single woman residing in the church village at Altarnun. The
cause of seeking relief was stated to be "grief," and on asking for an
explanation, the officer stated that the applicant's inability to work was
owing to depressed spirits, produced by the flight of a croaking raven over
her dwelling on the morning of his visit to the village. The pauper was by
this circumstance, in connexion with its well-known ominous character,
actually frightened into a state of wretched nervous depression, which
induced physical want.
S. R. P.
_African Folk Lore._--The following curious piece of folk lore is quoted
from an extract in _The Critic_ (of April 1, 1853, p. 172.), in the course
of a review of Richardson's _Narrative of a Mission to Central Africa,
&c._:
"To avert the evil eye from the gardens, the people (of Mourzak) put up
the head of an ass, or some portion of the bones of that animal. The
same superstition prevails in all the oases that stud the north of
Africa, from Egypt to the Atlantic, but the people are unwilling to
explain what especial virtue there exists in an ass's skull."
W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.
_Funeral Custom._--In some parts (I believe) of Yorkshire, and perhaps
elsewhere, it is customary to send, immediately after a death, a paper bag
of biscuits, and a card with the name, &c. of the deceased, to his friends,
be they many or few. Can any of your readers explain the matter? I have
more than once seen the card, but not the biscuits.
ABHBA.
* * * * *
SHAKSPEARE READINGS, NO. VII.
"What are 'Aristotle's checks?'"
This is the question that MR. COLLIER proposed in support of the alteration
of _checks_ into _ethics_, at p. 144. of his _Notes and Emendations_. He
terms _checks_ "an absurd blunder," and in the preface he again introduces
it, passing upon it the same unqualified sentence of excommunication, as
upon "bosom multiplied," viz. "it can never be repeated." In this opinion
he is backed by most of the public scribes of the day, especially by the
critic of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for April, who declares "we should be
very sorry to have to discover what the editors have understood by the
_checks_ of Aristotle." Furthermore, this critic thinks that "it is
extremely singular that the mistake should have remained so long
uncorrected;" and he intimates that they who have found any meaning in
_checks_, have done so only because, through ignorance, they could find no
meaning in _ethics_.
Hence it becomes necessary for those who do find a meaning in _checks_, to
defend that meaning; and hence I undertake to answer MR. COLLIER'S
question.
Aristotle's _checks_ are those _moral adjustments_ that form the
distinguishing feature of his philosophy.
They are _the eyes of reason_, whereby he would teach man to avoid
divergence from the straight path of happiness.
They are his moderators, his mediocrities, his metriopathics.
They are his philosophical steering-marks, his moral guiding-lines, whereby
the passions are to be kept in the _via media_; as much removed from total
abnegation on the one hand, as from immoderate indulgence on the other.
Virtue, according to Aristotle, consists in checked or _adjusted_
propensities. Our passions are not in themselves evil, except when
unchecked by reason. And inasmuch as we may overeat, or underfeed ourselves
(the check being temperance), so may we suffer our other propensities to
deviate from the _juste milieu_, either in the direction of indulgence or
of privation. {497}
The art of adjusting the passions requires an apprenticeship to virtue. The
end to be attained is the establishment of good habits. These good habits,
like any other skill, can only be attained by practice. Therefore the
practice of virtue is the education of the passions.
_Ethics_ is the doctrine of _habits_; but habits may be good or bad. When
good, they constitute virtue; when bad, licentiousness.
The doctrine of _checks_ is that branch of _ethics_ which teaches moral
adjustment and restraint.
Therefore _checks_ and _licentiousness_ are in better antithesis to each
other, than _ethics_ can be to either, because ethics includes both.
The Aristotelian idea of _adjustment_, rather than _denial_, of the
passions, is well illustrated in the following passage from Plutarch's
_Morall Vertue_, by Philemon Holland, a contemporary of Shakspeare:
"For neither do they shed and spill the wine upon the floure who are
afraide to be drunke, but delay the same with water: nor those who
feare the violence of a passion, do take it quite away, but rather
temper and qualifie the same: like as folke use to breake horses and
oxen from their flinging out with their heeles, their stiffenes and
curstnes of the head, and stubburnes in receiving the bridle or the
yoke, but do not restraine them of other motions of going about their
worke and doing their deede. And even so, verily, reason maketh good
use of these passions, when they be well tamed, and, as it were,
brought to hand: without overweakening or rooting out cleane that parte
of the soule which is made for to second reason and do it good
service.... Whereas let passions be rid cleane away (if that were
possible to be done), our reason will be found in many things more dull
and idle: like as the pilot and master of a ship hath little to do if
the winde be laid and no gale at all stirring ... as if to _the
discourse of reason_ the gods had adjoined passion as a pricke to
incite, and a chariot to set it forward."
Again, in describing the "Meanes," he says--
"Now to begin with Fortitude, they say it is the meane between
Cowardise and rash Audacitie; of which twaine the one is a defect, the
other an excesse of the yrefull passion: Liberalitie, betweene
Nigardise and Prodigalitie: Clemencie and Mildnesse, betweene
senselesse Indolence and Crueltie: Justice, the meane of giving more or
lesse than due: Temperance, a mediocritie betweene the blockish
stupiditie of the minde, moved with _no touch of pleasure_, and all
unbrideled loosenes, whereby it is abandoned to all sensualitie."--
_The Philosophie of Plutarch_, fol. 1603.
It really does appear to me that there could not be a happier or more
appropriate designation, for a philosophy made up in this way of "meanes"
and adjustments, so as to steer between the _plus_ and _minus_, than a
system of _checks_--not fixed, or rigid rules, as they are sometimes
interpreted to be, but nice allowances of excess or defect, to be
discovered, weighed, and determined by individual reason, in the audit of
each man's conscience, according to the strength or weakness of the
passions he may have to regulate.
I therefore oppose the substitution of _ethics_--
1. Because we have the _primâ facie_ evidence of the text itself, that
_checks_ was Shakspeare's word.
2. Because we have internal evidence, in the significance and excellence of
the phrase, that it was Shakspeare's word.
_Ethics_ was the patent title by which Aristotle's moral philosophy was
universally known; therefore any ignoramus, who never dipped beyond the
title, might, _and would_, have used it. But no person, except one well
read in the philosophy itself, would think of giving it such a designation
as _checks_; which word, nevertheless, is most happily characteristic of
it.
3. Because, as before stated, Aristotle's _checks_, being the restrictive
and regulating portion of Aristotle's _Ethics_, is necessarily a more
diametrical antithesis to Ovid (and his _laxities_).
4. Because I look upon the use of this phrase as one of those nice and
scarcely perceptible touches by which Shakspeare was content rather to hint
at, than to disclose his knowledge,--one of those effects whereby he makes
a single word supply the place of a treatise.
With these opinions, I cannot but look upon this threatened change of
_checks_ into _ethics_, as wholly unwarrantable, and I now protest against
it as earnestly as, upon a former occasion, I did against the alteration of
_sickles_ into _shekels_, or, still worse, into _cycles_ or into _circles_.
It is with great satisfaction I compare four different views taken of this
word by MR. COLLIER, viz.--in the note to the text of his octavo edition of
Shakspeare;--in an additional note in vol. i., page cclxxxiv. of that
edition;--in the first announcement of his annotated folio in the
_Athenæum_ newspaper, Jan. 31st, 1852,--and finally (after my remarks upon
the word in "N. & Q."), his virtual reinstatement of the original _sickle_
(till then supposed a palpable and undeniable misprint) at page 46. of
_Notes and Emendations_, together with the production, _suo motu_, of an
independent reference in support of my position.
To return to this present substitution of _ethics_ for _checks_, a very
singular circumstance connected with it is the ignoring, by both MR.
COLLIER and by the critic in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, of Sir William
Blackstone's original claim to the suggestion, by prior publication of
upwards of half a century. At that time, notwithstanding the great learning
and acuteness of the proposer, the alteration was rejected! And shall we
now be less wise than our fathers? Shall we--misled by the prestige of a
few drops of rusty ink fashioned into letters of formal cut--place implicit
credence in emendations whose only claim to faith, like that of the Mormon
scriptures, is that nobody knows whence they came? {498}
In the passage I have quoted from Philemon Holland, there may be observed
two peculiarities which are generally supposed to be exclusively
Shakspearian: one is the beautiful application of the word "touch"--the
other the phrase "discourse of reason." Where this last expression occurs
in _Hamlet_, it narrowly escaped _emendation_ at the hands of Gifford! (See
Mr. Knight's note, in his illustrated edition of _Shakspeare_.) It is the
true Aristotelian [Greek: dianoia].
There is also a third peculiarity of expression in the same quotation, in
the use of the word _delay_ in the sense of _diluere_, to dilute, temper,
allay. There are at least two passages in Shakspeare's plays where the word
is used in this sense, but which appear to have been overlooked by his
glossarists. The first is in _All's Well that Ends Well_, Act IV. Sc. 3.,
where the French locals are moralising upon Bertram's profligate pursuit of
Diana:
"Now God _delay_ our rebellion--as we are ourselves, what are we?"
The second is in _Cymbeline_, Act V. Sc. 4., where Jupiter tempers his love
with crosses, in order to make his gifts--
"The more _delayed_, delighted."
A. E. B.
* * * * *
Minor Notes.
_Portrait of Luther._--A portrait of Luther, perhaps original, certainly
nearly cotemporary with the Reformer, possessing many excellent qualities,
was some time since shown me. It is in the possession of Mr. Horne, of
Morton in Marsh, Gloucestershire: it was received by him from an elderly
gentleman still living in London, who purchased it many years since at a
sale of pictures. The picture is very dark, on canvass, with a black frame
having a narrow gilt moulding. As the existence of this portrait is perhaps
not known, mention of the fact might interest some of your readers. The
picture, including frame, is perhaps in size thirty inches by twenty-four;
and the age of the sitter, whose features are delineated with remarkable
effects is probably under fifty years.
B. H. C.
_Randle Wilbraham._--Randle Wilbraham, Esq., the grandfather of Lord
Skelmersdale, who died upon the 3rd of April last, was a lawyer of great
eminence, and held the office of treasurer of Lincoln's Inn. The university
of Oxford conferred, by diploma, the degree of D.C.L. upon him in these
notable terms:
"Placuit nobis in Convocatione die 14 mensis Aprilis 1761, solenniter
convocatis spectatissimum Ranulphum Wilbraham, Arm. Coll. Ænæi Nasi
quondam commensalem, in agendis causis pro diversis Tribunalibus per
multos retro annos hodieque versatissimum, Subsenescallum nostrum et
Consiliarium fidissimum, Gradu Doctoris in Jure Civili insignire. Cujus
quidem hæc præcipua ac prope singularis et est, et semper fuit, quod
propriis ingenii et industriæ suæ viribus innixus Aulici favoris nec
appetens, nec particeps, sine ullo magnatum patrocinio, sine turpi
Adulantium aucupio, ad summam tamen in Foro, in Academia, in Senatu,
tum gloriam, tum etiam authoritatem facilem sibi et stabilem munivit
viam, Fortunæ suæ si quis alius Deo Favente vere Faber", &c.
The above is copied from the original diploma, which Mr. Randle Wilbraham
gave to his nephew, the late Dr. William Falconer of Bath. On the death of
Mr. R. Wilbraham, Chief Justice Wilmot wrote "I have lost my old friend Mr.
Wilbraham: he died in the seventy-seventh year of his age, and has not left
a better lawyer, or an honester man behind him."
ANON.
_Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott._--
"Earth walks on Earth,
Glittering in gold:
Earth goes to Earth,
Sooner than it wold:
Earth builds on Earth,
Palaces and towers:
Earth says to Earth:
Soon, all shall be ours."
The above, by Sir W. Scott, I _believe_, has never appeared in print to my
knowledge. It was recited to me by a friend of Sir W. Scott.
R. VINCENT.
_Crassus' Saying._--I find in the Diary of the poet Moore (in Lord John
Russell's edition), vol. ii. p. 148., a conversation recorded with Dr.
Parr, in which the Doctor quotes "the witticism that made Crassus laugh
(the only time in his life): 'Similes habent labra lactucas.'"
It appears (see the quotations in Facciolati) that this sage and
laughter-moving remark of Crassus was made on seeing an ass eating a
thistle; whereon he exclaimed, "Similes habent labra lactucas."
In Bailey's edition of Facciolati it is said, "Proverbium habet locum ubi
similia similibus contingunt,... quo sensu Angli dicimus, 'Like lips like
lettuce: like priest like people.'"
Out of this explanation it is difficult to elicit any sense, much less any
"witticism."
I suggest that Crassus' saying meant, "His (the ass's) lips hold thistles
and lettuces to be both alike;" wanting the discrimination to distinguish
between them. Or, if I may put it into a doggerel rhyme:
"About a donkeys taste why need we fret us?
To lips like his a thistle is a lettuce."
WM. EWART.
University Club.
* * * * * {499}
Queries.
BEES AND THE SPHYNX ATROPOS.
Huber, in his _Observations on the Natural History of Bees_, avers that the
moth called the _Sphynx atropos_ invades and plunders with impunity a hive
containing thousands of bees, notwithstanding the watchfulness, pugnacity,
and formidable weapons of those insects. To account for this phenomenon, he
states that the queen bee has the faculty of emitting a certain sound which
instantly strikes the bees motionless; and he conjectures that this
burglarious moth, being endowed with the same property, uses it to produce
a similar effect, first on the sentinels at the entrance of the hive, and
then on the bees within.
In another part of his book (2nd edit. 1808, p. 202.) he relates what he
himself witnessed on introducing a strange queen into a hive. The bees,
greatly irritated, pulled her, bit her, and chased her away; but on her
emitting the sound and assuming an extraordinary attitude, "the bees all
hung down their heads and remained motionless." On the following day he
repeated the experiment, and the intrusive queen was similarly maltreated;
but when she emitted her sound, and assumed the attitude, from that moment
the bees again became motionless.
Have more modern observers verified this curious fact? Is it not a case of
mesmerism?
SYDNEY SMIRKE.
* * * * *
"THE CRAFTSMAN'S APOLOGY."
When Bolingbroke published his _Final Answer to the Remarks on the
Craftsman's Vindication, and to all the Libels which have come, or may come
from the same quarter against the Person last mentioned in the Craftsman of
the 22nd May, 1731_, he was answered in five Poetical Letters to the King,
which in keenness of wit, polished satire, and flowing ease of
versification, have not been since surpassed. The title of the tract in
which they are contained is _The Craftsman's Apology, being a Vindication
of his Conduct and Writings in several Letters to the King_, printed for T.
Cooper, 1732, 8vo. pages 32. By whom were these very clever and amusing
letters written? Lord Hervey or Sir Charles Hanbury Williams are the
parties one would think most likely to have written them; but they do not
appear in the list of Lord Hervey's works given by Walpole, or amongst
those noticed by Mr. Croker, or in Sir C. H. Williams's _Collected Works_,
in three volumes. Independently of which, I question whether the
versification is not, in point of harmony, too equal for either of them. If
they be included in the collected works of any other writer of the time,
which I have no immediate recollection of, some of your correspondents will
no doubt be able to point him out. Should it appear that they have not been
reprinted, I shall be disposed to recur again to the subject, and to give
an extract from them, as, of all the attacks ever made upon Bolingbroke,
they seem to me the most pleasant, witty, and effective.
JAS. CROSSLEY.
* * * * *
PALISSY AND CARDINAL WISEMAN.
On April 28, Cardinal Wiseman, at the Manchester Corn Exchange, delivered a
lecture "On the Relation of the Arts of Design to the Arts of Production."
It occupies thirteen columns of _The Tablet_ of May 7, which professes to
give it "from _The Manchester Examiner_, with corrections and additions." I
have read it with pleasure, and shall preserve it as one of the best
discourses on Art ever delivered; but there is a matter of fact, on which I
am not so well satisfied. In noticing Bernard Palissy, the cardinal is
reported to have said:
"For sixteen years he persevered in this way; and then was crowned with
success, and produced the first specimens of coloured and beautiful
pottery, such as are to this day sought by the curious; and _he
received a situation in the king's household, and ended his days in
comfort and respectability_."
In the review of "Morley's Life of Palissy the Potter," _Spectator_, Oct.
9, 1852, it is said:
"The period of the great potter's birth is uncertain. Mr. Morley fixes
it, on probable data, at 1509; but with a latitude of six years on
either side. _Palissy died in 1589 in the Bastile, where he had been
confined four years as a Hugenot; the king and his other friends could
defer his trial, but dared not grant him liberty._"
All the accounts which I have read agree with Mr. Morley and the
_Spectator_. Are they or the cardinal right, supposing him to be correctly
reported?
H. B. C.
U. U. Club.
* * * * *
Minor Queries.
_Polidus._--Can you tell me where the scene of the following play is laid,
and the names of the _dramatis personæ_?--_Polidus, a Tragedy_, by Moses
Browne, 8vo. 1723. The author of this play, who was born in 1703, and died
in 1787, was for some time the curate of the Rev. James Harvey, author of
_Meditations_, and other works. Mr. Browne was afterwards presented to the
vicarage of Olney, in Bucks, where the Rev. John Newton was his curate for
several years.
A. Z.
Glasgow.
[Moses Browne was subsequently Chaplain of Morden College. The
piscatory brotherhood are indebted to him for having revived Walton's
_Complete Angler_, after it had lain dormant for upwards of eighty
years; and this task, he tells us, was undertaken at the request of Dr.
Samuel Johnson.--ED.]
{500}
_St. Paul's Epistles to Seneca._--It has frequently been affirmed that
Seneca became, in the last year of his life, a convert to Christianity--his
canonisation by St. Jerome is undoubted and there was stated to be a MS. of
the above epistle in Merton College. May I ask any of your contributors
whether this MS. has ever been printed?
J. M. S.
Hull.
_Meaning of "folowed."_--Inside the cover of an old Bible and Prayer-Book,
bound in one quarto, Robert Barker, 1611, is the following inscription:
"July eight I was much folowed when I lay in bed alone att Mistris
Whitmore's house, wee haveing agreed too bee married nextt daye.
"God, even our own God, shal bless us. This incouriged mee too hope for
God's favour and blessing through Christ.
"Christopher Curwen and Hannah Whitmore was married att Lambe's Chapel,
near Criplegate, July ninth, 1712."
An entry of his marriage with his first wife, Elizabeth Sutton, 1704, is on
the cover at the beginning of the book.
Can any one of your correspondents enlighten me as to the meaning of the
word _folowed_? The letters are legibly written, and there can be no
mistake about any of them. Is it an expression derived from the Puritans?
H. C. K.
---- Rectory, Hereford.
_Roman Catholic Registers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where
I can find the registers of births, marriages, and burials of Roman
Catholic families living in Berks and Oxon in the reigns of Charles I. and
II.?
A. PT.
_St. Alban's Day._--At p. 340. of the _Chronicles of London Bridge_, it is
stated that Cardinal Fisher was executed on St. Alban's day, June 22, 1535.
How is it that in our present calendar St. Alban's day is not June 22, but
June 17? On looking back I see SIR W. C. TREVELYAN, in our first volume,
inquired the reason of this change, but I do not find any reply to his
Query.
E. H. A.
_Meigham, the London Printer._--J. A. S. is desirous of obtaining
information regarding a printer in London, of the name of Meigham, about
1745-8, or to be directed where to search for such. Meigham conversed, or
corresponded, about Catholicity with Dr. Hay, the then vicar-apostolic of
the Eastern District of Scotland.
_Adamsoniana._--Is anything known of the family of Michel Adamson, or
Michael Adamson, the eminent naturalist and voyager to Senegal, who, though
born in France, is said to have been of Scottish extraction?
Where is the following poem to be met with?
"Ode in Collegium Bengalense, præmio dignata quod alumnis collegiorum
Aberdonensium proposuit vir reverendus C. Buchanan, Coll. Bengalensis
Præfectus Vicarius. Auctore Alexandro Adamson, A.M., Coll. Marisch.
Aberd. alumno."
Allow me to repeat a Query which was inserted in Vol. ii., p. 297., asking
for any information respecting J. Adamson, the author of a rare tract on
Edward II.'s reign, published in 1732, in defence of the Walpole
administration from the attacks of the _Craftsman_.
Who was John Adamson, author of _Fanny of Caernarvon, or the War of the
Roses_, an historical romance, of which a French translation was published
in 1809 at Paris, in 2 vols. 12mo.?
E. H. A.
_Canker or Brier Rose._--Can any of your correspondents tell me why the
brier or dog-rose was anciently called the _canker_? The brier is
particularly free from the disease so called, and the name does not appear
to have been used in disparagement. In Shakspeare's beautiful Sonnet LIV.
are the lines:
"The _canker-blooms_ have full as deep a dye,
As the perfumed tincture of the roses."
In _King Henry IV._, Act I. Sc. 3., Hotspur says:
"Shall it for shame be spoken in these days,
Or fill up chronicles in times to come,
That men of your nobility and power,
Did 'gage them both in an unjust behalf,
(As both of you, God pardon it! have done)
To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose
And plant this thorn, this _canker_ Bolingbroke."
And again, Don John, in _Much Ado about Nothing_, Act I. Sc. 3.:
"I had rather be a _canker_ in a hedge, than a rose in the grave."
ANON.
"_Short red, god red._"--In Roger of Wendover's _Chronicle_, Bohn's
edition, vol. i. p. 345., is a story how Walchere, Bishop of Durham, was
slain in his county court, A.D. 1075, by the suitors on the instigation of
one who cried out in his native tongue "Schort red, god red, slea ye the
bischop."
Sir Walter Scott, in his _Tales of a Grandfather_ (vol. i. p. 85.), tells
the same story of a Bishop of Caithness who was burned for enforcing tithes
in the reign of Alexander II. of Scotland (about 1220).
What authority is there for the latter story? Did Sir Walter confound the
two bishops, or did he add the circumstance for the amusement of Hugh
Littlejohn? Was this the formula usually adopted on such occasions? How
came the Caithness people to speak such good Saxon?
G.
_Overseers of Wills._--I have copies of several wills of the fifteenth and
sixteenth centuries, in {501} which one set of persons are appointed
_executors_ and another _overseers_. What were the rights and duties of
these latter?
J. K.
_Lepel's Regiment._--Can your correspondent MR. ARTHUR HAMILTON inform me
what is the regiment known in 1707 as _Lepel's Regiment_? It was a cavalry
regiment, I believe.
J. K.
_Vincent Family._--Can any of your correspondents give me any information
respecting the descendants of Francis Vincent, grandson of Augustine
Vincent, Rouge Croix Pursuivant at Arms. His sister Elizabeth has, or had
very lately, a representative in the person of Francis Offley Edmunds of
Worsborough, Yorkshire; but nowhere have I been able to obtain any
information respecting himself. If you could give any information on this
subject, you would much oblige
C. WILSON.
_Passage in the First Part of Faust._--
"_Faust._ Es Klopft? Herein! Wer will mich wieder plagen?
_Mephistopheles._ Ich bin's.
_Faust._ Herein!
_Mephis._ Du musst es dreimal sagen.
_Faust._ Herein denn!
_Mephis._ So gefällst du mir."
Why must he say it _three_ times? Is this a superstition that can be traced
in other countries than Germany? In Horace we have Diana thus addressed:
"_Ter_ vocata audis, adimisque letho,
Diva triformis."--Lib. iii. Ode 22.
But she is there the benign Diana, not Hecate.
Are we to understand the passage to mean, that the number _three_ has a
magical influence in summoning spirits; or to teach that the power of evil
is so overruled by a higher Power, that he cannot approach to begin his
work of temptation and ruin unless he be, not once merely, or twice, but
_three_ times, called by the free will and act of the individual who is
surrendering himself to his influence? The subject seems worthy of
elucidation.
W. FRASER.
Tor-Mohun.
_Lady Anne Gray._--Who was the "Lady Anne Gray," or "Lady Gray," who was
one of the attendants on Queen Elizabeth when princess, and is mentioned
first in Sir John Harrington's poem in praise of her ladies?
N. A.
_Continental Brasses._--At a recent meeting of the Archæological Institute,
Mr. Nesbitt exhibited rubbings of some fine brasses at Bamberg, Naumberg,
Meissen, and Erfurt. Mr. Nesbitt would confer a favour on the readers of
"N. & Q." by stating the names and dates of those sepulchral memorials, and
the churches from which he obtained the rubbings, and thus aid in carrying
out MR. W. SPARROW SIMPSON'S excellent suggestion for obtaining a complete
list of monumental brasses on the Continent.
WILLIAM W. KING.
_Peter Beaver._--In the early part of the last century, a gentleman named
Peter Beaver, whose daughter was married in 1739 to Latham Blacker, Esq.,
of Rathescar, lived in the old and fashionable town of Drogheda. Can any
one inform me as to the year of his death, and whether he left a son? The
name has disappeared in Drogheda. I would likewise be glad to know the
origin of the name; and, if it be a corruption of Beauvoir, at what time,
and for what reason, was it changed? The crest is the animal of the same
name.
ABHBA.
_Cremonas._--Can any of your numerous correspondents kindly supply me with
a list of the earliest and the latest of the instruments of each of the
famous _cremona_ makers? Such a list would be a valuable contribution to
"N. & Q."
Mr. Dubourg's work on the _Violin_, excellent as it is in many respects,
contains but a meagre account of the instrument itself, and is sadly
deficient on the subject of my Query. May I ask him, and I have reason for
so doing, on what authority he gives 1664 as the year of the birth of
Antonius Stradivarius, in his last edition?
H. C. K.
_Cranmer and Calvin._--In the _Christian Observer_ for March 1827 (No. 303.
p. 150.) it is stated that the late Rev. T. Brock, of Guernsey, had been
assured by an eminent scholar of Geneva, afterwards a clergyman in our
church, that he had met with, in a public library at Geneva, a printed
correspondence in Latin between Archbishop Cranmer and Calvin, in which the
latter forewarned the former, that though he perfectly understood the
meaning of the baptismal service, yet "the time would come when" it "would
be misconceived, and received as implying that baptism absolutely conveyed
regeneration;" and that Cranmer replied, "that it is not possible such a
construction can be put upon the passage, the church having sufficiently
explained her meaning in the Articles and elsewhere." I have heard that
search was made for these documents by M. D'Aubigné and others, but without
success; one of the reports being, that "the documents had been apparently
_cut out_." Mr. Brock's informant, I hear, was a Rev. Marc De Joux, who
afterwards became an Irvingite, left Guernsey, and went to the Mauritius,
where it is believed he still resides. With the _theological_ question I
wish not here to meddle, or to express an opinion. But I should be glad if
you will kindly permit me to inquire whether any of your readers can give
any information as to the existence of the supposed "printed"
correspondence {502} referred to? whether or not it does exist? and, if so,
where?
C. D.
* * * * *
Minor Queries with Answers.
"_A Letter to a Convocation Man_" (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 415.).--I beg to
thank "N. & Q." for the answer to my inquiry respecting the authorship of
this letter. I should be very glad to learn further particulars respecting
Sir Bartholomew Shower. Was he a member of the House of Commons, as the
author of the Letter intimates that he himself was? I shall also be very
thankful if TYRO, or any other correspondent, will answer for me these
Queries, suggested by the same Letter.
"It was the opinion, indeed, of a late _great preacher_, that
Christians under a Mahometan or Pagan government, ought to value the
peace of the country above the conversion of the people there."
Who is the preacher here referred to?
Who were the authors, and what were the titles of the many _Defences_ of
Sherlock's _Vindication of the Holy and Ever Blessed Trinity_, and _The
Divinity and Death of Christ_? *
And what farther is to be learned of Mr. Papin, a Socinian, who jointed the
Church of Rome about that period? +
Who was Chief Justice in 1697? Was it Chief Justice Treby? ++
Trelawney, Bishop of Exeter, excommunicated Dr. Bury. When was the living
the latter enjoyed "untouched and even unquestioned by another bishop?" §
In case the answers to these should not appear of sufficient importance to
be put into type, I enclose an envelope.
W. FRASER.
Tor-Mohun.
P.S.--The misprint you point out, Vol. vii., p. 409., of _Oxoniensis_ for
_Exoniensis_, occurred in the Appendix to Wake's _State of the Church and
Clergy of England_, p. 4.
[* The titles of nearly twenty works relating to Sherlock's Trinitarian
Controversy will be found _s. v._ in the _Bodleian Catalogue_, vol.
iii. p. 462. See also Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_.
+ A long account of Mr. Papin is given in Rose's as well as in
Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_.
++ Sir George Treby was Chief Justice of Common Pleas in 1697.
§ Bishop Trelawney, it appears, suspended Dr. Arthur Bury from the
rectorship of Exeter College for some heterodox notions in his work,
_The Naked Gospel_. The affair was carried by appeal from the King's
Bench to the House of Lords, when Bishop Stillingfleet delivered a
speech on the "Case of Visitation of Colleges," printed in his
_Ecclesiastical Cases_, part ii. p. 411. Wood states that Dr. Bury was
soon after restored. For an account of this controversy, and the works
relating to it, see Gough's _British Topography_, vol. ii. p. 147., and
Wood's _Athenæ_ (Bliss), vol. iv. p. 483.
Any farther communications on the above Queries shall be forwarded to
the correspondent.]
_Prester John._--I should be glad, through the medium of "N. & Q.," to be
favoured with some information relative to this mysterious personage.
STRATH CLYDE.
[The history of Prester John, or of the individuals bearing that
appellation, appears involved in considerable confusion and obscurity.
Most of our Encyclopædias contain notices of this mysterious personage,
especially Rees's, and Collier's _Great Historical Dictionary_. "The
fame of _Prester_ or _Presbyter_ John," says Gibbon, "a khan, whose
power was vainly magnified by the Nestorian missionaries, and who is
said to have received at their hands the rite of baptism, and even of
ordination, has long amused the credulity of Europe. In its long
progress to Mosul, Jerusalem, Rome, &c., the story of Prester John
evaporated into a monstrous fable, of which some features have been
borrowed from the Lama of Thibet (_Hist. Généaologique des Tartares_,
part ii. p. 42.; _Hist. de Gengiscan_, p. 31. &c.), and were ignorantly
transferred by the Portuguese to the emperor of Abyssinia (Ludolph.
_Hist. Æthop. Comment._ l. ii. c. 1.). Yet is is probable that, in the
twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Nestorian Christianity was professed
in the horde of the Keraites."]
_Homer's Iliad in a Nut._--On the tomb of those celebrated gardeners,
Tradescant father and son, these lines occur in the course of the
inscription:
"Whilst they (as Homer's Iliad in a nut),
A World of Wonders in one closet shut."
Will you explain the comparison implied in the words "as Homer's Iliad in a
nut?"
DAVID.
[It refers to the account given by Pliny, vii. 21., that the _Iliad_
was copied in so small a hand, that the whole work could lie in a
walnut-shell: "In nuce inclusam Iliada Homeri carmen, in membrana
scriptum tradidit Cicero." Pliny's authority is Cicero _apvd Gellium_,
ix. 421. See M. Huet's account of a similar experiment in _Gentleman's
Magazine_, vol. xxxix. p. 347.]
_Monogram of Parker Society._--What is the meaning of the monogram adopted
by the Parker Society on all their publications?
TYRO.
[The monogram is "MATTHEW PARKER," Archbishop of Canterbury in the
reign of Queen Elizabeth.]
_The Five Alls._--Can any of your readers give me an interpretation of a
sign on an inn in Oxford, which bears this inscription?
"THE FIVE ALLS."
I can make nothing of it.
CURIOSUS.
Oxford.
[Captain Grose shall interpret this Query. He says, "The Five Alls is a
country sign, representing five human figures, each having a motto. The
first is a king in his regalia, 'I govern all.' The second, a {503}
bishop in pontificals, 'I pray for all.' Third, a lawyer in his gown,
'I plead for all.' Fourth, a soldier in his regimentals, 'I fight for
all.' Fifth, a poor countryman with his scythe and rake, 'I _pay_ for
all!'"]
_Corvizer._--In a deed of the middle of the last century, I find this
addition to the name of a person residing at Conway. The word is similarly
employed in a list of interments of some "common people," contained in
Browne Willis's account of Bangor Cathedral. What does it mean, and whence
is it derived?
H. B.
Bangor.
[An obsolete word for a cordwainer or shoemaker. See Ash's
_Dictionary._]
* * * * *
Replies.
ENGLISH COMEDIANS IN GERMANY.
(Vol. ii., pp. 184. 459.; Vol. iii., p. 21.; Vol. vii., pp. 114. 360.)
In 1605 the English comedians first appeared in Prussia. In October they
performed before the Duchess Maria Eleonora at Koningsberg, for which they
were well paid; they then proceeded to Elbing, whence they were dismissed
with twenty thalers, since they produced scandalous things ("weil sie
schandbare Dinge fürgebracht"). In 1607, they were again sent away, after
they had performed the preceding year at Rostock. Some time after, the
Elector of Brandenburg, Joh. Sigismund, employed a certain noble, Hans von
Stockfisch, to obtain a theatrical company from England and the
Netherlands. A troop of nineteen comedians, under the direction of John
Spencer, came with sixteen musicians to add lustre to the electoral feasts.
In 1611, they received 720 marks, as well as many hundred ells of various
stuffs for costumes and decorations; of which great quantities were used in
1612. Many a time was it necessary to ransom them at great cost from inns
and lodging-houses; so that the prince, in 1613, resolved to rid himself of
these dear guests, and gave them a recommendation to the Elector of Saxony.
In 1616 we find them in Dantzic, where they gave eight representations; and
two years later, the Electress of Brandenburg, through Hans von Stockfisch,
procured eighteen comedians, who performed at Elbing, Koningsberg, and
other places, and were paid for their trouble ("für ihre gehabte Mühe eins
für alles") 200 Polish guilders.
In 1639, English comedians are again found in Koningsberg; and, for the
last time, in 1650, at Vienna, where William Roe, John Waide, Gideon,
Gellius, and Robert Casse, obtained a license from Ferdinand I.
In 1620 appeared a volume of _Englische Comedien und Tragedien, &c._ (2nd
edit., 1624), which was followed by a second; and in 1670 by a third: in
which last, however, the English element is not so prominent.
These statements of Dr. Hagen are confirmed by numerous quotations from
original documents, published by him in the _Neue Preuss. Provincial
Blätter_, Koningsb., 1850, vol. x.; vid. et _Gesch. der Deuts.
Schauspielk._, by E. Devrient, Leipzic, 1848. Professor Hagen maintains,
that in the beginning of the seventeenth century, the English comedies were
performed in Dutch; and that, in Germany, the same persons were called
indifferently English or Dutch comedians. They were Englishmen who had
found shelter under the English trading companies in the Netherlands ("Es
waren Engländer die in den englischen Handelscompagnien in den Niederlanden
ein Unterkommen gefunden.")--From the _Navorscher_.
J. M.
* * * * *
A GENTLEMAN EXECUTED FOR WHIPPING A SLAVE TO DEATH.
(Vol. vii., p. 107.)
The occurrence noticed by W. W. is, I believe, the only instance on record
in the West Indies of the _actual_ execution of a gentleman for the murder,
by whipping or otherwise, of a slave. Nor is this strange. In the days of
slavery every owner of slaves was regarded in the light of a gentleman, and
his "right to do what he liked with his own" was seldom called in question
by judges or juries, who were themselves among the principal shareholders.
The case of Hodge was, however, of an aggravated character. For the trivial
offence of stealing a mango, he had caused one of his slaves to be whipped
to death; and this was, perhaps, the least shocking of the repeated acts of
cruelty which he was known to have committed upon the slaves of his estate.
During slavery each colony had its Hodge, and some had more than one. The
most conspicuous character of this kind in St. Lucia was _Jacques O'Neill
de Tyrone_, a gentleman who belonged to an Irish family, originally settled
in Martinique, and who boasted of his descent from one of the ancient kings
of Ireland. This man had long been notorious for his cruelty to his slaves.
At last, on the surrender of the colony to the British in 1803, the
attention of the authorities was awakened; a charge of murder was brought
against him, and he was sentenced to death. From this sentence he appealed
to a higher court; but such was the state of public feeling at the bare
idea of putting a white man to death for any offence against a slave, that
for a long time the members of the court could not be induced to meet; and
when they did meet, it was only to reverse the sentence of the court below.
I have now before me the proceedings of both courts. {504} The sentence of
the inferior court, presided over by an European judge, is based upon the
clearest evidence of O'Neill's having caused two of his slaves to be
murdered in his presence, and their heads cut off and stuck upon poles as a
warning to the others. The sentence of the Court of Appeal, presided over
by a brother planter, and entirely composed of planters, reverses the
sentence, without assigning any reason for its decision, beyond the mere
allegations of the accused party. Such was criminal justice in the days of
slavery!
HENRY H. BREEN.
St. Lucia.
* * * * *
LONGEVITY.
(Vol. vii., p. 358., &c.)
On looking over some volumes of the _Annual Register_, from its
commencement in 1758, I find instances of longevity very common, if we can
credit its reports. In vol. iv., for the year 1761, amongst the deaths, of
which there are many between 100 and 110, the following occur:
January. "At Philadelphia, Mr. Charles Cottrell, aged 120 years; and
three days after, his wife, aged 115. This couple lived together in the
marriage state 98 years in great union and harmony."
April. "Mrs. Gillam, of Aldersgate Street, aged 113."
July. "John Newell, Esq., at Michael(s)town, Ireland, aged 127,
grandson to old Parr, who died at the age of 152."
August. "James Carlewhite, of Seatown, in Scotland, aged 111.
"John Lyon, of Bandon, in the county of Cork, Ireland, aged 116."
In September there are three aged 106; one 107; one 111; one 112; and one
114 registered. I will take three from the year 1768, viz.:
January. "Died lately in the Isle of Sky, in Scotland, Mr. Donald
M^cGregor, a farmer there, in the 117th year of his age.
"Last week, died at Burythorpe, near Malton in Yorkshire, Francis
Confit, aged 150 years: he was maintained by the parish above sixty
years, and retained his senses to the very last."
April. "Near Ennis, Joan M^cDonough, aged 138 years."
Should sufficient interest attach to this subject, and any of the
correspondents of "N. & Q." wish it, I will be very happy to contribute my
mite, and make out a list of all the deaths above 120 years, or even 110,
from the commencement of the _Annual Register_, but am afraid it will be
found rather long.
J. S. A.
Old Broad Street.
A few years ago there lived in New Ross, in the county of Wexford, two old
men. The one, a slater named Furlong, a person of very intemperate habits,
died an inmate of the poorhouse in his 101st year: he was able to take long
walks up to a very short period before his death; and I have heard that he,
his son, and grandson, have been all together on a roof slating at the same
time. The other man was a nurseryman named Hayden, who died in his 108th
year: his memory was very good as to events that happened in his youth, and
his limbs, though shrunk up considerably, served him well. He was also in
the frequent habit of taking long walks not long before his death.
J. W. D.
* * * * *
DERIVATION OF CANADA.
(Vol. vii., p. 380.)
The derivation given in the "cutting from an old newspaper," contributed by
MR. BREEN, seems little better than that of Dr. Douglas, who derives the
name from a _M. Cane_, to whom he attributes the honour of being the
discoverer of the St. Lawrence.
In the first place, the "cutting" is not correct, in so far as Gaspar
Cortereal never ascended the river, having merely entered the gulf, to
which the name of St. Lawrence was afterwards given by Jacques Carter.
Neither was the main object of the expedition the discovery of a passage
into the Indian Sea, but the discovery of gold; and it was the
disappointment of the adventurers in not finding the precious metal which
is supposed to have caused them to exclaim "Aca nada!" (Nothing here).
The author of the _Conquest of Canada_, in the first chapter of that
valuable work, says that "an ancient Castilian tradition existed, that the
Spaniards visited these coasts before the French,"--to which tradition
probably this supposititious derivation owes its origin.
Hennepin, who likewise assigns to the Spaniards priority of discovery,
asserts that they called the land _El Capo di Nada_ (Cape Nothing) for the
same reason.
But the derivation given by Charlevoix, in his _Nouvelle France_, should
set all doubt upon the point at rest; _Cannáda_ signifying, in the Iroquois
language, a number of huts (_un amas de cabanes_), or a village. The name
came to be applied to the whole country in this manner:--The natives being
asked what they called the first settlement at which Cartier and his
companions arrived, answered, "Cannáda;" not meaning the particular
appellation of the place, which was Stadacóna (the modern Quebec), but
simply a village. In like manner, they applied the same word to Hochelága
(Montreal) and to other places; whence the Europeans, hearing every
locality designated by the same term, _Cannáda_, very naturally applied it
to the entire valley of the St. Lawrence. It may not here be out of place
to notice, that with respect to the derivation of _Quebec_, the weight of
evidence {505} would likewise seem to be favourable to an aboriginal
source, as Champlain speaks of "la pointe de Québec, ainsi appellée des
sauvages;" not satisfied with which, some writers assert that the far-famed
city was named after Candebec, a town on the Seine; while others say that
the Norman navigators, on perceiving the lofty headland, exclaimed "Quel
bec!" of which they believe the present name to be a corruption. Dissenting
from all other authorities upon the subject, Mr. Hawkins, the editor of a
local guide-book called _The Picture of Quebec_, traces the name to an
European source, which he considers to be conclusive, owing to the
existence of a seal bearing date 7 Henry V. (1420), and on which the Earl
of Suffolk is styled "Domine de Hamburg et de Québec."
ROBERT WRIGHT.
* * * * *
SETANTIORUM PORTUS.
(Vol. vii., pp. 180. 246.)
Although the positions assigned by Camden to the ancient names of the
various estuaries on the coasts of Lancashire and Cumberland are very much
at variance with those laid down by more modern geographers; still, with
regard to the particular locality assigned by him to the _Setantiorum
Portus_, he has made a suggestion which seems worthy the attention of your
able correspondent C.
His position for _Morecambe Bay_ is a small inlet to the south of the
entrance of _Solway Firth_, into which the rivers _Waver_ and _Wampool_
empty themselves, and on which stands "the abbey of _Ulme_, or _Holme
Cultraine_." He derives the name from the British, as signifying a "crooked
sea," which doubtless is correct; we have _Môr taweh_, the main sea;
_Morudd_, the Red Sea; and _Môr camm_ may be supposed to indicate a bay
much indented with inlets. It is needless to say that the present
_Morecambe Bay_ answers this description far more accurately than that in
the Solway Firth. _Belisama Æstuarium_ he assigns to the mouth of the
Ribble, and is obliged to allot _Setantiorum Portus_ to the remaining
estuary, now called Morecambe Bay. However, he seems not quite satisfied
with this last arrangement, and suggests that it would be more appropriate
if we might read, as is found in some copies, _Setantiorum_ [Greek: limnê],
instead of [Greek: limên], thus assigning the name of Setantii to the
inhabitants of the _lake district_.
The old editions of Ptolemy, both Greek and Latin, are very incorrect, and,
there is little doubt, have suffered from alterations and interpolations at
the hands of ignorant persons. I have not access at present to any edition
of his geography, either of Erasmus, Servetus, or Bertius, so I know not
whether any weight should be allowed to the following circumstance; in the
_Britannia Romana_, in Gibson's _Camden_, this is almost the only _Portus_
to be found round the coast of England. The terms there used are (with one
more exception) invariably _æstuarium_, or _fluvii ostium_. If this
variation in the old reading be accepted, the appellation as given by
Montanus, Bertius, and others, to _Winandermere_, becomes more
intelligible.
H. C. K.
---- Rectory, Hereford.
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
_Stereoscopic Queries._--Can any of your readers inform me what are the
proper angles under which stereoscopic pictures should be taken?
Mr. Beard, I am informed, takes his stereoscopic portraits at about 6½°, or
1 in 9; that is to say, his cameras are placed 1 inch apart for every 9
inches the sitter is removed from them. The distance of the sitter with him
is generally, I believe, 8 feet, which would give 10-2/3 inches for the
extent of the separation between his cameras. More than this has the
effect, he says, of making the pictures appear to stand out unnaturally;
that is to say, if the cameras were to be placed 12 inches apart (which
would be equal to 1 in 8), the pictures would seem to be in greater relief
than the objects.
I find that the pictures on a French stereoscopic slide I have by me have
been taken at an angle of 10°, or 1 in 6. This was evidently photographed
at a considerable distance, the triumphal arch in the Place de Carousel (of
which it is a representation) being reduced to about 1¼ inch in height. How
comes it then that the angle is here increased to 10° from 6½°, or to 1 in
6 from 1 in 9.
Moreover, the only work I have been able to obtain on the mode of taking
stereoscopic pictures, lays it down that all portraits, or near objects,
should be taken under an angle of 15°, or, as it says, 1 in 5; that is, if
the camera is 20 feet from the sitter, the distance between its first and
second position (supposing only one to be used) should not exceed 4 feet:
otherwise, adds the author, "the stereosity will appear unnaturally great."
When two cameras are employed, the instructions proceed to state that the
distance between them would be about 1/10th of the distance from the part
of the object focussed. The example given is a group of portraits, and the
angle, 1 in 10, is afterwards spoken of as being equivalent to an arc of
10°.
Farther on, we are told that "the angle should be lessened as the distance
between the nearest and farthest objects increase. Example: if the farthest
object be twice as far from the camera as the near object, the angle should
be 5° to a central point between these two.
Now, I find by calculation that the measurements and the angle here
mentioned by no means {506} agree. For instance, an angle of 15° is spoken
of as being equivalent to the measurement 1 in 5. An angle of 10° is said,
or implied, to be the same as 1 in 10. This is far from being the fact.
According to my calculations, the following are the real equivalents:--
An angle of 15° is equal to 1 in 4.
" 12° " 1 in 5.
" 10° " 1 in 6.
" 6½° " 1 in 9.
" 6° " 1 in 10.
" 5° " 1 in 12.
" 4° " 1 in 15.
Will any of your readers oblige me by solving the above anomalies, and by
giving the proper angles or measurement under which objects should be taken
when near, moderately distant, or far removed from the camera; stating, at
the same time, at how many feet from the camera an object is to be
considered as near, or distant, or between the two? It would be a great
assistance to beginners in the stereoscopic art, if some experienced
gentleman would state the best distances and angles for taking busts,
portraits, groups, buildings, and landscapes.
It is said that stereoscopic pictures at great distances, such as views,
should be taken "with a small aperture." But as the exact dimensions are
not mentioned, it would be equally serviceable if, to the other details,
were added some account of the dimensions of the apertures required for the
several angles.
In the directions given in the work from which I have quoted, it is said
that when pictures are taken with one camera placed in different positions,
the angle should be 15°; but when taken with two cameras, the angle should
be 10°. Is this right? And, if so, why the difference?
In the account given by you of Mr. Wilkinson's ingenious mode of levelling
the cameras for stereoscopic pictures, it is said the plumb-line should be
three feet long, and that the diagonal lines drawn on the ground glass
should be made to cut the principal object focussed on the glass; and "when
you have moved it, the camera, 8 _or_ 10 feet, make it cut the same object
again." At what distance is the object presumed to be?
Any information upon the above matters will be a great service, and
consequently no slight favour conferred upon your constant reader since the
photographic correspondence has been commenced.
[phi].
_Photographic Portraits of Criminals, &c._--Such experience as I have had
both in drawing portraits and taking photographs, impels me to hint to the
authorities of Scotland Yard that they will by no means find taking the
portraits of gentlemen that are "wanted" infallible, and I anticipate some
unpleasant mistakes will ere long arise. I have observed that inability to
recognize a portrait is as frequent in the case of photographs as on
canvass, or in any other way. I defy the whole world of artists to reduce
the why and wherefore into a reasonable shape; one will declare that
"either" looks as if the individual was going to cry; the next critic will
say he sees nothing but a pleasant smile. "I should never have known who it
is if you hadn't told me," says a third; the next says "it's his eyes, but
not his nose;" and perhaps the next will say, "it's his nose, but not his
eyes."
I was present not long since at the showing a portrait, which I think about
the climax of doubt. "Not a bit like," was the first exclamation. The poor
artist sank into his chair; after, however, a brief contemplation, "It's
very like, _in-deed_; it's excellent:" this was said by a gentleman of the
highest attainments, and one of the best poets of the day.
Some persons (I beg pardon of the ladies) take the habiliments as the
standard of recognition. I do not accuse them of doing it wilfully; they do
not know it themselves. For example, Miss Smith will know Miss Jones a mile
or so off. By her general air, or her face? Oh no! It's by the bonnet she
helped her to choose at Madame What-d'ye-call's, because the colour suited
he complexion.
These are some of the mortifications attendant on artistic labour, and if
they occur with the educated classes, they are more likely to happen even
to "intelligent policemen," as the newspaper have it. If I dissent from the
plan it is because I doubt its efficiency, but do not deny that it is worth
a trial. If the French like to carry their portraits about with them on
their passports to show to policemen, let them submit to the humiliation. I
doubt very much whether the Chamber of Deputies would have made a law of
it: it appears a new idea in jurisprudence that a man _must_ sit for his
picture. Any one, however, understanding the camera, would be alive before
the removal of the cup of the lens, and be ready with a wry face; I do not
suppose he could be imprisoned for _that_.
Both plans are miserable travesties on the lovely uses of portrait painting
and photography. Side by side with Cowper's passionate address to his
mother's picture, how does it look?
"Oh, that those lips had language! Life has pass'd
With me but roughly since I saw thee last."
And,
"Blest be the art that can immortalise."
If photography has an advantage over canvas, it does indeed immortalise
(the painting may imitate, and the portrait may be good; but there is
something more profoundly affecting in having the actual, the real shade of
a friend perhaps long {507} since in his grave); and we ought not only to
be grateful to the illustrious inventors of the art, but prevent these base
uses being made of it.
In short, apart from the uncertainty of recognition, which I have not in
the least caricatured, if Giles Scroggins, housebreaker and coiner, and all
the swell mob, are to be photographed, it will bring the art into disgrace,
and people's friends will inquire delicately where it was done, when they
show their lively effigies. It may also mislead by a sharp rogue's
adroitness; and I question very much its legality.
WELD TAYLOR.
_Photography applied to Catalogues of Books._--May not photography be
usefully applied to the making of catalogues of large libraries? It would
seem no difficult matter to obtain any number of photographs, of any
required size, of the title-page of any book. Suppose the plan adopted,
that five photographs of each were taken; they may be arranged in five
catalogues, as follows:--Era, subject, country, author, title. These being
arranged alphabetically, would form five catalogues of a library probably
sufficient to meet the wants of all. Any number of additional divisions may
be added. By adopting a fixed breadth--say three inches--for the
photographs, to be pasted in double columns in folio, interchanges may take
place of those unerring slips, and thus librarians aid each other. I throw
out this crude idea, in the hope that photographers and librarians may
combine to carry it out.
ALBERT BLOR, LL.D.
Dublin.
_Application of Photography to the Microscope._--May I request the
re-insertion of the photographic Query of R. J. F. in Vol. vi., p. 612., as
I cannot find that it has received an answer, viz., What extra apparatus is
required to a first-rate microscope in order to obtain photographic
microscopic pictures?
J.
* * * * *
Replies to Minor Queries.
_Discovery at Nuneham Regis_ (Vol. vi., p. 558.).--May the decapitated
body, found in juxta-position with other members of the Chichester family,
not be that of Sir John Chichester the Younger, mentioned in Burke's
_Peerage and Baronetage_, under the head "Chichester, Sir Arthur, of
Raleigh, co. Devon," as being that fourth son of Sir John Chichester, Knt.,
M.P. for the co. Devon, who was Governor of Carrickfergus, and lost his
life "by decapitation," after falling into the hands of James Macsorley
Macdonnel, Earl of Antrim?
The removal of the body from Ireland to the resting-place of other members
of the family would not be a very improbable event, and quite consistent
with the natural affection of relatives, under such mournful circumstances.
J. H. T.
_Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas_ (Vol. vii., pp. 357. 416.).--Permit me to
acquaint your correspondent that among the many singular and curious books
which formed the library of that talented antiquary the late Charles
Kirkpatrick Sharp, and which were sold here by auction some time ago, there
was a small 12mo. volume containing _French translations_, with rude
woodcuts, of--
1. "La Vie joyeuse et recreative de Tiel-Ullespiegle, de ses Faits
merveilleux et Fortunes qu'il a eues; lequel par aucune Ruse ne se
laissa pas tromper. A Troyes, chez Garner, 1838."
2. "Histoire de Richard Sans Peur, Duc de Normandie, Fils de Robert le
Diable, &c. A Troyes, chez Oudot, 1745."
T. G. S.
Edinburgh.
_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432.; Vol. vii., pp. 193. 369. 438.).--
"In the year 1635, upon the request of the Rev. Anthony Tuckney, Vicar
of Boston, it was ordained by the Archbishop of Canterbury (Laud), then
on his metropolitical visitation at Boston, 'that the roome over the
porch of the saide churche shall be repaired and decently fitted up to
make a librarye, to the end that, in case any well and charitably
disposed person shall hereafter bestow any books to the use of the
parish, they may be there safely preserved and kept.'"
This library at present contains several hundred volumes of ancient
(patristic, scholastic, and post-Reformation) divinity.
I hope to be able ere long to make a correct catalogue of the books at
present remaining, and at the same time make an attempt to restore them to
that decent "keeping" in which the great and good archbishop desired they
might remain.
Query: In making preparations for the catalogue, I have been informed by a
gentleman that he remembers two or more _cart loads_ of books from this
library being sold by the churchwardens, and, as he believes, by the then
archdeacon's orders, at waste paper price; that the bulk of them was
purchased by a bookseller then resident in Boston, and re-sold by him to a
clergyman in the neighbourhood of Silsby.
1. What was the date of the sale?
2. The name of the _Venerable_ Archdeacon who perpetrated this robbery?
3. Whether there are any legal means for recovering the missing works?
My extracts are from Thompson's _History of Boston_, a correspondent of
yours, a new edition of whose laborious work is about to appear.
THOMAS COLLIS.
Boston.
_Painter--Derrick_ (Vol. vii., pp. 178. 391.).--I cannot agree with
J. S. C. that _painter_ is a corruption of _punter_, from the Saxon _punt_,
a boat. {508} According to the construction and analogy of our language, a
_punter_ or _boater_ would be the person who worked or managed the boat. I
consider that _painter_--like _halter_ and _tether_, derived from Gothic
words signifying to _hold_ and to _tie_--is a corruption of _bynder_, from
the Saxon _bynd_, to bind. If the Anglo-Norman word _panter_, a snare for
catching and holding birds, be a corruption of _bynder_, we are brought to
the word at once. Or, indeed, we may go no farther back than _panter_.
J. C. G. says that _derrick_ is an ancient British word: perhaps he will be
kind enough to let us know its signification. I always understood that a
_derrick_ took its name from _Derrick_, the notorious executioner at
Tyburn, in the early part of the seventeenth century, whose name was long a
general term for hangman. In merchant ships, the _derrick_, for hoisting up
goods, is always placed at the hatchway, close by the _gallows_. The
_derrick_, however, is not a nautical appliance alone; it has been long
used to raise stones at buildings; but the crane, and that excellent
invention the handy-paddy, has now almost put it out of employment. What
will philologists, two or three centuries hence, make out of the word
_handy-paddy_, which is universally used by workmen to designate the
powerful winch, traversing on temporary rails, employed to raise heavy
weights at large buildings. For the benefit of posterity, I may say that it
is very _handy_ for the masons, and almost invariably worked by Irishmen.
As a collateral evidence to my opinion, that _painter_ is derived from the
Saxon _bynder_, through the Anglo-Norman _panter_, and that _derrick_ is
from _Derrick_ the hangman, I may add that these words are unknown in the
nautical technology of any other language.
W. PINKERTON.
Ham.
_Pepys's "Morena"_ (Vol. vii., p. 118.).--MR. WARDEN may like to be
informed that his conjecture about the meaning of this word is fully
confirmed by the following passage in the _Diary_, 6th October, 1661, which
has hitherto unaccountably escaped observation:
"There was also my _pretty black girl_, Mrs. Dekins and Mrs. Margaret
Pen this day come to church."
BRAYBROOKE.
_Pylades and Corinna_ (Vol. vii., p. 305.).--If your correspondent's
question have reference to the two volumes in octavo published under this
title in 1731, assuredly Defoe had nothing to do with them, as must be
evident to any one on the most cursory glance. The volumes contain memoirs
of Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, on whom Dryden conferred the poetical title of
Corinna, and the letters which passed between her and Richard Gwinnett, her
intended husband. A biography of this lady, neither whose life nor poetry
were of the best, may be found in Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._, vol. xxix. p.
281., and a farther one in Cibber's _Lives_, vol. iv. The _Dunciad_, and
her part in the publication of Pope's early correspondence, have given her
an unhappy notoriety. I must say, however, that, notwithstanding his
provocation, I cannot but think that he treated this poor woman
ungenerously.
JAMES CROSSLEY.
_Judge Smith_ (Vol. vii., p. 463.).--I must confess my ignorance of any
Judge Smith flourishing in the reign of Elizabeth. I know of only three
judges of that name.
1. John Smith, a Baron of the Exchequer during the last seven years of the
reign of Henry VIII. From him descended the Lords Carrington of Wotton
Waven, in Warwickshire, a title which became extinct in 1705.
2. John Smith, who was also a Baron of the Exchequer in the reign of Anne.
He became Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Scotland in 1708, and died in
1726. He endowed a hospital for poor widows at Frolesworth in
Leicestershire.
3. Sidney Stafford Smythe, likewise a Baron of the Exchequer under George
II. and III., and Chief Baron in the latter reign. He was of the same
family as that of the present Viscount Strangford.
If Z. E. R. would be good enough to send a copy of the inscription on the
monument in Chesterfield Church, and give some particulars of the family
seated at Winston Hall, the difficulty will probably be removed.
EDWARD FOSS.
_Grindle_ (Vol. vii., pp. 107. 307. 384.).--As one at least of the readers
of "N. & Q." living near _Grindle_ (Greendale is modern), allow me to say
that from the little I know of the places, they appear to me "to possess no
traces of those natural features which would justify the demoniacal
derivation proposed by I. E." However, as my judgment may be of little
worth, if "I. E. of Oxford" should ever migrate into these parts, and will
favour me with a call, with credentials of being the veritable I. E. of "N.
& Q.," I shall have much pleasure in assisting him to examine for himself
all the local knowledge which a short walk to the spots may enable him to
acquire.
H. T. ELLACOMBE.
Rectory, Clyst St. George.
_Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle_ (Vol. vi., pp. 127. 207. 280.
368. 566.).--Dr. Arnold, with more religion than science, thus employs this
simile:
"Men get embarrassed by the common cases of misguided conscience; but a
compass may be out of order as well as a conscience, and the needle may
point due south if you hold a powerful magnet in that direction. Still
the compass, generally speaking, is a true and sure guide, and so is
the conscience; and you {509} can trace the deranging influence on the
latter quite as surely as on the former."--_Life and Correspondence_,
2nd ed. p. 390.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
_English Bishops deprived by Queen Elizabeth, 1559_ (Vol. vii., p.
260.).--I have endeavoured to procure some information for A. S. A. on
those points which MR. DREDGE left unnoticed, but find that, after his
diligent search, very little indeed is to be gleaned. _Bishop Payne_ died
in January, 1559/60 (Strype's _Annals_, anno 1559). Dod, in vol. i. p. 507.
of his _Church History_, mentions a letter of _Bishop Goldwell's_, or, as
he calls him, _Godwell's_, to Dr. Allen, dated anno 1581:
"This letter," he says, "seems to be written not long before Bishop
Godwell's death, for I meet with no farther mention of him. Here the
reader may take notice of a mistake in Dr. Heylin, who tells us he died
prisoner in Wisbich Castle, which is to be understood of Bishop
Watson."
Of _Bishop Pate_ he says:
"He was alive in 1562, but how long after I do not find."--Vol. i. p.
488.
_Bishop Pole_, according to the same authority, died a prisoner at large
about the latter end of May, 1568. _Bishop Frampton_ died May 25, 1708
(Calamy's _Own Times_, vol. ii. p. 119.). I cannot ascertain the day of
_Bishop White's_ death, but he was buried, according to Evelyn (vol. iii.
p. 364.), June 5, 1698.
TYRO.
Dublin.
_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. vii., p. 203.).--The thought which ERICA shows
has been used by Butler and Macaulay is a grain from an often-pillaged
granary; a tag of yarn from a piece of cloth used ever since its make for
darning and patching; a drop of honey from a hive round which robber-bees
and predatory wasps have never ceased to wander,--the _Anatomy of
Melancholy_:
"Though there were giants of old in physic and philosophy, yet I say
with Didacus Stella[2], 'a dwarf standing on the shoulders of a giant
may see farther than a giant himself.' I may likely add, alter, and see
farther than my predecessors; and it is no greater prejudice for me to
indite after others, than for Ælianus Montaltus, that famous physician,
to write _De Morbis Capitis_, after Jason Pratensis," &c.
The pagination (that of Tegg's edition, 1849) will not guide those who with
Elia sicken at the profanity of "unearthing the bones of that fantastic old
great man," and know not a "sight more heartless" than the reprint of his
_Opus_.
SIGMA.
Sunderland.
[Footnote 2: In _Luc._ 10. tom. ii.: "Pigmi gigantum humeris impositi
plusquam ipsi gigantes vident."--_Preface_, p. 8.]
_Dr. South_ v. _Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c._ (Vol. vi., p. 575. Vol. vii.,
p. 311.).--One authority has been overlooked by MR. BREEN, which seems as
likely as any to have given currency to the saying, viz. Dean Swift. In
_Gulliver's Travels_ (1727), Voyage to the Houyhnhnms, the hero gives the
king some information respecting British ministers of state, which I
apprehend in Swift's day was no exaggeration. The minister, Gulliver says,
"applies his words to all uses except to the indication of his mind." It
must be confessed, however, that this authority is some seven years after
Dr. South.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
_Foucault's Experiment_ (Vol. vii., p. 330.).--The reality of the rotation,
and the cause assigned to it by Foucault in his experiment, is now admitted
without question by scientific men. But in measuring the amount of the
motion of the pendulum, so many disturbing causes were found to be at work,
that the numerical results have not been obtained as yet with exactness.
The best account is, perhaps, the original one in the _Comptes Rendus_. Mr.
Foucault has lately invented an instrument founded on a similar principle,
to find the latitude of a place.
ELSNO.
_Passage in "Locksley Hall"_ (Vol. vi., p. 272.; Vol. vii., pp. 25.
146.).--Of these three commentators neither appears to me to have hit
Tennyson's meaning, though CORYLUS has made the nearest shot. I ought to
set out by confessing that it was not originally clear to myself, but that
I could not for a monument doubt, when the following explanation was
suggested to me by a friend. The "curlews" themselves are the "dreary
gleams:" the words are what the Latin Grammar calls "duo substantiva
ejusdem rei." I take the meaning, in plain prose to be this: "The curlews
are uttering their peculiar cry, as they fly over Locksley Hall, looking
like (to me, the spectator) dreary gleams crossing the moorland."
I could supply A. A. D. with several examples _in English_, from my
commonplace-book, of the "bold figure of speech not uncommon in the vivid
language of Greece;" and among the rest, one from Tennyson himself, to wit:
"Now, scarce three paces measured from the mound,
We stumbled on a stationary _voice_," &c.
But I doubt whether the poet had those passages in his thought, when he
penned the opening of his noble poem "Locksley Hall." Of course I do not
_know_, any more than A. A. D., and the rest; and I suppose we shall none
of us get any enlightenment "by authority."
HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.
_Lake of Geneva_ (Vol. vii. p. 406.).--The account given in the _Chronicle
of Marius_ of what is called "an earthquake or landslip in the valley of
the {510} Upper Rhone," is evidently that of a sudden _débâcle_ destructive
of life and property, but not such as to effect any permanent change in the
configuration of the country. That an antiquary like Montfaucon should have
fallen into the blunder of supposing that the Lacus Lemanus was then
formed, may well excite surprise. The breadth of the new-formed lake, as
given by Marius, is impossible, as the mountains in the valley are scarcely
anywhere more than a mile apart. The valley of the Upper Rhone is liable to
such _débâcles_, and one which would fill it might be called a lake,
although of short duration. Having witnessed the effects of the _débâcle_
of 1818 a few weeks after it happened, I can easily understand how such a
one as that described by Marius should have produced the effects attributed
to it, and yet have left no traces of its action after the lapse of
centuries.
J. S.
Athenæum.
_"Inter cuncta micans," &c._ (Vol. vi., p. 413.).--In a small work, _Lives
of Eminent Saxons_, part i. p. 104., the above lines are ascribed to
Aldhelm, and a translation by Mr. Boyd is subjoined.
To Aldhelm also are attributed the lines so often alluded to in "N. & Q.,"
"Roma tibi subito," &c.
B. H. C.
_"Its"_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.; Vol. vii., p. 160.).--As the proposer of the
question on this word, so kindly replied to by MR. KEIGHTLEY, may I give
two instances of its use from the Old Version of the Psalms?
"Which in due season bringeth forth _its_ fruit abundantly."--Ps. i. 3.
"Thou didst prepare first a place, and set _its_ roots so fast."--Ps.
lxxx. 10.
The American _Bibliotheca Sacra_ for October 1851, p. 735., says (speaking
of the time when the authorised version of the Scriptures was executed),
"the genitive _its_ was not then in use;" which is disproved by the
quotations already given.
B. H. C.
_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--The custom of "hanging out the
glove at fair time," as described by E. G. R., is, in all probability, of
Chester origin. The annals of that city show that its two great annual
fairs were established, or rather confirmed, by a charter of Hugh Lupus,
the first Norman Earl of Chester, who granted to the abbot and convent of
St. Werburgh (now the cathedral) "the extraordinary privilege, that no
criminals resorting to their fairs at Chester should be arrested for any
crime whatever, except such as they might have committed during their stay
in the city." For several centuries, Chester was famous for the manufacture
of gloves; and in token thereof, it was the custom for some days before,
and during the continuance of the fair, to hang out from the town-hall,
then situate at the High Cross, their local emblem of commerce--a _glove_:
thereby proclaiming that non-freemen and strangers were permitted to trade
within the city, a privilege at all other times enjoyed by the citizens
only. During this period of temporary "free trade," debtors were safe from
the tender mercies of their creditors, and free from the visits of the
sheriff's officer and his satellites. On the removal of the town-hall to
another part of the city, the leathern symbol of "unrestricted competition"
was suspended, at the appointed season, from the roof of St. Peter's
Church; until that reckless foe to antiquity, the Reform Bill, aimed a
heavy blow at all our prescriptive rights and privileges, and decreed that
the stranger should be henceforth on a footing with the freeborn citizen.
Notwithstanding this, the authorities of the city still continued to "hang
out their banner on the outward walls;" and it is only within the last ten
years that the time-honoured custom has ceased to exist.
T. HUGHES.
Chester.
_Astronomical Query_ (Vol. vii., p.84.).--Your fair correspondent LEONORA
makes a mistake in reference to the position, in regard to the zodiac, of
the newly-discovered planets. It is indeed not at all surprising that these
bodies were not discovered before, for this reason--they _do not move
within the circle of the zodiac_: they lie far beyond it, so much so, that
to include them the zodiac must be expanded to at least five times its
present breadth. Hence they lie out of the path of ordinary observation,
and their discovery is usually the result of keen telescopic examination of
distant parts of the heavens. LEONORA is of course aware, that, with the
exception of Neptune (the discovery of which is a peculiar case), all the
recently discovered planets belong to the cluster of asteroids which move
between Mars and Jupiter. These are all invisible to the eye with the
exception of Vesta, and she is not to be distinguished by any but an
experienced star-gazer, and under most favourable circumstances; their
minuteness, their _extra_-zodiacal position, and the outrageous orbits
which they describe, all conspire to keep them out of human ken until they
are detected by the telescope, and ascertained to be planets either by
their optical appearances, or by a course of watching and comparison of
their positions with catalogues of the fixed stars.
SHIRLEY HIBBERD.
_Tortoiseshell Tom Cat_ (Vol. v., p. 465.; Vol. vii., p. 271.).--See Hone's
_Year Book_, p. 728.
ZEUS.
_Sizain on the Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender_ (Vol. vii., p.
270.).--This is given as one of the prize epigrams in the _Gentleman's
Magazine_ for 1735, vol. v. p. 157.
ZEUS. {511}
_Wandering Jew_ (Vol. vii., p. 261.).--Your correspondent will find an
account of the Wandering Jew prefixed to "Le Juif errant," the 3ième
livraison of _Chants et Chansons Populaires de la France_.
THOS. LAWRENCE.
Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
The earliest account of this legend is in Roger of Wendover, under the year
1228: _De Joseph, qui ultimum Christi adventum adhuc vivus exspectat_, vol.
iv. p. 176. of the Historical Society's edition, vol. ii. p. 512. of Bohn's
Translation: see also Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, vol iii. p. 360.,
Bohn's edition.
ZEUS.
_Hallett and Dr. Saxby_ (Vol. vii., p. 41.).--I know nothing of the
parties, but have the book about which S. R. inquires. The title is not
accurately given in the _Literary Journal_. Instead of "An Ode to Virtue,"
by Dr. Morris Saxby, it is _An Ode on Virtue by a Young Author, dedicated
to Dr. William Saxby; with a Preface and Notes, Critical and Explanatory,
by a Friend_--"Mens sibi conscia recti"--A good intention. Printed anno
Domini MDCCXCI, pp. 16.
A more stupid production could not easily be found; but, as it must be
scarce, if the story about the destruction of all but eight copies is true,
I transcribe a part of the dedication:
"Most August Doctor,
"The reputation you have acquired by professional merit, with the
respect which is universally shown to you on account of your practical
observance of moral philosophy, has induced me to select you as a
protector of the following work; which being evidently intended to
promote a cause for which you was always a zealous advocate, I have
nourished the most flattering hopes that you will be rather pleased
than offended by this unwarrantable presumption.
"It is necessary I should deviate from the general rule of celebrating
a patron's virtues in a high strain of panegyric, being sensible how
generally yours are known, and how justly admired."--P. 3.
The ode contains only ten lines:
"Virtue, a mere chimera amongst the fair,
Is now quite vanquished into air;
Formerly it was thought a thing of worth,
But now who thinks of such poor stuff.
It's only put on to deceive,
That us poor mortals on them may crave;
Fall down and swear their beauty far
Surpasses what are ever saw!
Then they who think all's true that's said," &c.
I omit the final line as unseemly.
Dr. Saxby is mentioned only on the title-page, and that part of the
dedication which I have copied. He must have been a sensitive man to have
felt such an attack, and a prompt one to settle his account with the author
so quickly. As it is obvious that the ode was published solely to annoy
him, we may be allowed to hope that in the "severe personal chastisement"
he was not sparing of whipcord. The absence of place of publication and
printer's name render inquiry difficult; and there is no indication as to
whether Dr. Saxby was of Divinity, Law, or Physic.
H. B. C.
U. U. Club.
_"My mind to me a kingdom is"_ (Vol. i., pp. 302. 489.; Vol. vi., pp. 555.
615.).--The idea is Shakspeare's (Third Part of _Hen. VI._):
"_Keeper._ Ay, but thou talk'st as if thou wert a king.
_K. Henry._ Why, so I am in mind; and that's enough."
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
_Claret_ (Vol. vii., p. 237.).--The word claret seems to me to be the same
as the French word _clairet_, both adjective and substantive; as a
substantive it means a low and cheap sort of _claret_, sold in France, and
drawn from the barrel like beer in England; as an adjective it is a
diminutive of _clair_, and implies that the wine is transparent.
JOHN LAMMENS.
Manchester.
_Suicide at Marseilles_ (Vol. vii., pp. 180. 316.).--The original authority
for the custom at Marseilles, of keeping poison at the public expense for
the accommodation of all who could give the senate satisfactory reasons for
committing suicide, is Valerius Maximus, lib. ii. cap. vi. § 7.
ZEUS.
_Etymology of Slang_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).--
"SLANGS are the greaves with which the legs of convicts are fettered,
having acquired that name from the manner in which they were worn, as
they required a sling of string to keep them off the ground.... The
irons were the _slangs_; and the slang-wearer's language was of course
slangous, as partaking much if not wholly of the
_slang_."--_Sportsman's Slang, a New Dictionary and Varieties of Life_,
by John Bee: Preface, p. 5.
ZEUS.
_Scanderbeg's Sword_ (Vol. vii., pp. 35. 143.).--The proverb, "Scanderbeg's
sword must have Scanderbeg's arm," is founded on the following story:
"George Castriot, Prince of Albania, one of the strongest and
valiantest men that lived these two hundred yeares, had a cimeter,
which Mahomet the Turkish Emperor, his mortall enemy, desired to see.
Castriot (surnamed of the Turks, Ischenderbeg, that is, Great
Alexander, because of his valiantnesse), having received a pledge for
the restitution of his cimeter, sent it so far as Constantinople to
Mahomet, in whose court there was not any man found that could with any
ease wield that piece of steele: so that Mahomet sending it back
againe, enioyned the messenger to tell the prince, that in this action
he kind proceeded enemy-like, and with a fraudulent mind, sending a
counterfeit cimeter {512} to make his enemie afraid. Ischenderbeg writ
back to him, that he had simply without fraud or guile sent him his
owne cimeter, with the which he used to helpe himselfe couragiously in
the wars; but that he had not sent him the hand and the arme which with
the cimeter cleft the Turkes in two, struck off their heads, shoulders,
legs, and other parts, yea, sliced them of by the wast; and that verie
shortly he would show him a fresh proofe thereof; which afterwards he
performed."--_Historical Meditations from the Latin of P. Camerarius_,
by John Molle, Esquire, 1621, book iv. Cap. xvi. p. 299.
The following, relating to the arm and sword of Scanderbeg, may perhaps not
inappropriately be added, although not connected with the proverb:
"Marinus Barletius (lib. i.) reports of Scanderbeg, Prince of Epirus
(that most terrible enemy of the Turks), that, from his mother's womb,
he brought with him into the world a notable mark of warlike glory: for
he had upon his right arm a sword, so well set on, as if it had been
drawn with the pencil of the most curious and skilful painter in the
world."--Wanley's _Wonders of the Little World_, 1678, book i. cap.
vii.
ZEUS.
_Arago on the Weather_ (Vol. vii., p. 40.).--ELSNO will find extracts from
Arago's papers in the _Pictorial Almanack_, 1847, p. 30., and in the _Civil
Engineer and Architects' Journal_, which volume I cannot say, but I think
that for 1847. Also in the _Monthly Chronicle_, vol. i. p. 60., and vol.
ii. p. 209.; the annals of the _Bureau des Longitudes_ for 1834 and the
_Annuaire_ for 1833.
SHIRLEY HIBBERD.
_Rathe_ (Vol. vii., p. 392.).--MR. CROSSLEY is, I believe, mistaken in his
derivation of the word _rathe_ from the Celtic _raithe_, signifying
inclination, although _rather_ seems indisputably to belong to it. _Rathe_
is, I believe, identical with the Saxon adjective _rætha_, signifying
early. Chaucer's--
"What aileth you so _rathe_ for to arise,"
has been already quoted as bearing this meaning. Milton, in Lycidas, has--
"Bring the _rathe_ primrose that forsaken dies."
In a pastoral, called a "Palinode," by E. B., probably Edmond Bolton, in
England's _Helicon_, edit. 1614, occurs:
"And make the _rathe_ and timely primrose grow."
And we have "_rathe_ and late," in a pastoral in Davidson's _Poems_, 4th
edit., London, 1621.
_Rathe_ is a word still in use in the Weald of Sussex, where Saxon still
lingers in the dialect of the common people; and a _rathe_, instead of an
early spring, is spoken of; and a species of early apple is known as the
_Rathe_-ripe.
ANON.
_Carr Pedigree_ (Vol. vii., p. 408.).--The pedigree description of Lady
Carr is "Gresil, daughter of Sir Robert Meredyth, Knt., Chancellor of the
Exchequer in Ireland." Sir George Carr died Feb. 13, 1662-3, and was buried
in Dublin. His sons were 1, Thomas, and 2, William; and a daughter Mary,
who married 1st, Dr. Thomas Margetson (son to the Archbishop of Armagh);
and 2ndly, Dr. Michael Ward. The pedigree is continued through Thomas the
eldest son, who was the father of the Bishop of Killaloe. It does not
appear that William left any issue. His wife's name was Elizabeth, daughter
of Edward Sing, D.D., Lord Bishop of Cork.
W. ST.
_Banbury Cakes_ (Vol. vii., p. 106.).--In _A Treatise of Melancholy_, by T.
Bright, doctor of physic, and published in 1586, I find the following:
"Sodden wheat is of a grosse and melancholicke nourishment, and bread
especially of the fine flower unleavened: of this sort are bag-puddings
or pan-puddings made with flour, frittars, pancakes, such as we call
_Banberie cakes_, and those great ones confected with butter, eggs,
&c., used at weddings; and howsoever it be prepared, rye and bread made
thereof carrieth with it plentie of melancholie."
H. A. B.
_Detached Belfry Towers_ (Vol. vii., pp. 333. 416. 465.).--To your already
extensive list of church towers separate from the church, Launceston
Church, Cornwall, and St. John's Church, Chester, may not unfittingly be
added.
T. HUGHES.
Chester.
Elstow, Bedfordshire, is an instance of a bell tower separated from the
body of the church.
B. H. C.
_Dates on Tombstones_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).--A correspondent asks for
instances of dates on tombstones prior to 1601. I cannot give any, but I
can refer to some slabs lying upon the ground in a churchyard near Oundle
(Tausor if I remember aright), on which appear in relief recumbent figures
with the hands upon the breast, crossed, or in the attitude of prayer.
These are of a much earlier date, and I should be much pleased to know if
many or any such instances elsewhere occur.
B. H. C.
_Subterranean Bells_ (Vol. vii., pp. 128. 328.).--Bells under ground and
under water, so often referred to, remind me of the Oundle Drumming Well,
which I remember seeing when a child. There is a legend connected with it
which I heard, but cannot accurately recollect. The well itself is referred
to in Brand, vol. ii. p. 369. (Bohn's ed.), but the legend is not given.
B. H. C.
_Mistletoe in Ireland_ (Vol. ii., p. 270.).--I have just received, in full
blossom, a very fine spray from a luxuriant plant of this parasite growing
on an apple tree in the gardens of Farmley, the seat of William Lloyd
Flood, Esq., in the county of Kilkenny. This plant of mistletoe has existed
at {513} Farmley beyond the memory of the present generation; but Mr.
Flood's impression, communicated to me, is, that it was artificially
produced from seed by some former gardener. If natural, which _may_ be the
case, this instance of its occurrence in Ireland is, I believe, unique.
JAMES GRAVES.
Kilkenny.
_Stars and Flowers_ (Vol. iv., p. 22.; Vol. vii., p. 151. 341.).--Passages
illustrative of this similitude have been quoted from Cowley, Longfellow,
Hood, and Moir. The metaphor is also made use of by Darwin, in his _Loves
of the Plants_:
"Roll on, ye stars! exult in youthful prime,
Mark with bright curves the printless steps of time;
_Flowers of the sky!_ ye, too, to age must yield,
Frail as your silken sisters of the field."
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
_The Painting by Fuseli_ (Vol. vii., p. 453.).--The picture by the late
Henry Fuseli, R.A., inquired after by MR. SANSOM, is in the collection at
Sir John Soane's Museum; it was purchased by him in 1802.
It was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1780, and is thus entered in the
Catalogue of that year:
"No. 77. Ezzelin Bracciaferro musing over Meduna, destroyed by him, for
disloyalty, during his absence in the Holy Land. _Fuseli._"
There is an engraving of the picture in _Essays on Physiognomy_, by J. C.
Lavater, translated from the French by Henry Hunter, D.D., 4to.: London,
1789. The _second_ volume, p. 294.
The inscription under that engraving, by Holloway, is as follows:
"Ezzelin, Count of Ravenna, surnamed Bracciaferro or Iron Arm, musing
over the body of Meduna; slain by him, for infidelity, during his
absence in the Holy Land."
GEORGE BAILEY.
The subject of your correspondent J. SANSOM'S inquiry is in the Soane
Museum, Lincoln's Inn Fields. Search among the Italian story-tellers will
not discover the origin of the picture of Count Ezzelin's remorse: it
sprung from that fertile source of fearful images--Henry Fuseli's brain.
The work might well have been left without a name, but for the requirements
of the Royal Academy Catalogue, and, it must be added, Fuseli's desire to
mystify the Italian as well as the other scholars of his day.
For confirmation of the correctness of these statements, I refer your
correspondent to the _Life of Fuseli_ by Knowles, and to that by Cunningham
in the _Lives of the British Painters_.
R. F., Jun.
_"Navita Erythræum"_ (Vol. vii., p. 382.).--Since I requested a reference
to these lines, I have possessed myself of a very elaborate Latin work on
_Bells_, in two vols. 8vo., published at Rome, 1822, by Alexander
Lazzarinus, _De Vario Tintinnabulorum usu apud veteres Hebræos et
Ethnicos_: wherein, in a section on the effect of the sound of bells on
different animals, he quotes those very lines from "Cornelius Kilianus
Dufflæus in suis poematibus."
I shall now be thankful to be told something about the said Dufflæus,--who
and what he was,--when and where he lived?
H. T. ELLACOMBE.
Rectory, Clyst St. George.
* * * * *
Miscellaneous.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
The success which has attended _The Chronological New Testament_ has
encouraged the publisher of that most useful work to undertake an edition
of the entire Scriptures on a similar plan; and we have now before us the
First Part of _The English Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments
according to the authorised Version: newly divided into Paragraphs, with
concise Introductions to the several Books; and with Maps and Notes
illustrative of the Chronology, History, and Geography of the Holy
Scriptures; containing also the most remarkable Variations of the ancient
Versions, and the chief Results of modern Criticism_. Even this ample
title-page does not, however, point out the many helps towards a better
understanding of the Word of God, which, by improvements in its division
and typographical arrangement, are here furnished for the use of the devout
student: and which has this great recommendation in our eyes, as we have no
doubt it will be its greatest in that of many of our readers, that it is no
endeavour to furnish a new translation, but only an attempt to turn our
noble authorised version to the best account. The present Part completes
the Book of Genesis, and we have little doubt that its success will be such
as to secure for the publisher that patronage which will enable him to
complete so desirable a work as his "_New Edition of the authorised Version
of the Bible_." While on this subject, we may fitly call attention to the
eighth number of _The Museum of Classical Antiquities: a Quarterly Journal
of Ancient Art_, and its accompanying _Supplement_, both of which are
entirely occupied with a question which, from its connexion with our
holiest and most religious feelings, must always command our deepest
attention,--namely, the true site of Calvary, and of the Holy Sepulchre.
The question is discussed at considerable length, and with great learning
and acuteness; and, we trust, from its generally interesting character, may
have the effect of drawing attention to a journal which deserves the
patronage of scholars to a greater extent than, from the prefatory notice,
it would appear to have received up to the present time.
The Second Part of _The Ulster Journal of Archæology_ has just appeared. We
cannot better recommend it to our antiquarian friends than by pointing out
that it contains the following papers:--1. Metropolitan Visitation of the
Diocese of Derry, A.D. 1397. 2. Iona. 3. Anglo-Norman Families of Lecale,
County Down. {514} 4. Ogham Inscriptions. 5. Irish Surnames, their past and
present Forms. 6. The Island of Tory in the Pagan Period. 7. Origin and
Characteristics of the People in the Counties of Down and Antrim. 8. King
William's Progress to the Boyne. 9. Antiquarian Notes and Queries. 10.
Annals of Ulster.
We ought, in the same way, to specify the various papers to be found in the
recently-published _Reports and Papers read at the Meetings of the
Architectural Society of the Archdeaconry of Northampton and the Counties
of York and Lincoln; and of the Architectural and Archæological Society of
the County of Bedford during the Year 1852_,--but such a course is
obviously impossible. There is one paper in the volume which, as especially
worthy the attention of those interested in our Ecclesiastical History,
deserves to be particularly noticed, namely, the Rev. G. A. Poole's
_Synchronological Table of the Bishops of the English Sees from the Year
1050 to 1550_. How much good service might be done to Historical Literature
by the compilation and printing of many documents of a similar character!
* * * * *
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
SCOTT, REMARKS ON THE BEST WRITINGS OF THE BEST AUTHORS (or some such
title).
SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c.
HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts.
REV. A. DYCE'S EDITION OF DR. RICHARD BENTLEY'S WORKS. Vol. III. Published
by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, Holborn. 1836.
DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, ESQ., by SAMUEL
LORD BISHOP OF ROCHESTER (HORSLEY). The Quarto Edition, printed for Robson.
1779.
BEN JONSON'S WORKS. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., III., IV. Bds.
SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS. 41 Vols. 8vo. The last nine Vols. Boards.
JACOB'S ENGLISH PEERAGE. Folio Edition, 1766. Vols. II., III., and IV.
GAMMER GURTON'S NEEDLE.
ALISON'S EUROPE. (20 Vols.) Vols XIII., XX.
ABBOTSFORD EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS. Odd Vols.
THE TRUTH TELLER. A Periodical.
*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
their names._
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest prices, _carriage free_, to be
sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
* * * * *
Notices to Correspondents.
L. M. M. R. _If our Correspondent will forward copies of the_ Note and
Queries, _they shall have immediate attention._
X. Z. _We cannot undertake to recommend any particular houses for
photographic apparatus or chemicals. Our advertising columns show
sufficiently where they may be procured._
_Many Replies to Correspondents are unavoidably omitted._
_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price
Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._
"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
their Subscribers on the Saturday._
* * * * *
Now ready, 8vo., 7s. 6d.
THE TEXT OF SHAKESPEARE VINDICATED from the Interpolations and Corruptions
advocated by John Payne Collier, Esq., in his "Notes and Emendations." By
SAMUEL WELLER SINGER.
"To blot old books and alter their contents."
_Rape of Lucrece._
Also, preparing for immediate Publication, in Ten Volumes, fcap. 8vo., to
appear Monthly,
THE DRAMATIC WORKS OF WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, the Text completely revised, with
Notes, and various Readings. By SAMUEL WELLER SINGER.
London: Published by WM. PICKERING.
* * * * *
Just published in 4to. price 22s. cloth,
CATALOGI CODICUM MANUSCRIPTORUM BIBLIOTHECÆ BODLEIANÆ--PARS PRIMA
RECENSIONEM CODICUM GRÆCORUM continens, confecit H. O. COXE, A.M.,
Hypo-Bibliothecarius.
Oxonii.: Typographeo Academico. Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377.
Strand, London; and GARDNER, 7. Paternoster Row.
* * * * *
TO PARENTS, GUARDIANS, RESIDENTS IN INDIA, &c.--A Lady residing within an
hour's drive westward of Hyde Park, and in a most healthy and cheerful
situation, is desirous of taking the entire charge of a little girl, to
share with her only child (about a year and a half old) her maternal care
and affection, together with the strictest attention to mental training.
Terms, including every possible expense except medical attendance, 100l.
per annum. If required, the most unexceptionable references can be
furnished.
Address to T. B. S., care of MR. BELL, Publisher, 186. Fleet Street.
* * * * *
JUST PUBLISHED, PRICE FOURPENCE,
Or sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps,
FENNELL'S SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY,
NO. II.
* * * * *
Containing Interesting Articles on the Medical Practice of Shakspeare's
Son-in-Law, DR. JOHN HALL, of Stratford-on-Avon: including Curious Notices
of Numerous Old Families connected with Gloucestershire, Northamptonshire,
Shropshire, and Warwickshire; more Notes on Shakspeare's Plays, by THOMAS
WHITE, B.A., of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; Curious Ancient Proclamations
against Actors; Old English Proverbs; Report of the recent Shakspearian
Festival at Stratford; Review of J. P. Collier's New Work, &c. &c.
No. I. of the SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY may also be had, PRICE SIXPENCE, or
sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
Also may be had Free on Receipt of Three Postage Stamps, a Fac-simile of a
remarkably Curious and Amusing Newspaper of the Reign of King Charles II.
Published by JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.
* * * * *
Published in September last, Second Edition, price 15s.
ON THE ANCIENT BRITISH, ROMAN, AND SAXON ANTIQUITIES AND FOLK-LORE OF
WORCESTERSHIRE. By JABEZ ALLIES, Esq., F.S.A.
The work details the Antiquities, and elucidates the Ancient Names of
Fields and Places, in every part of the County; traces the Ancient Roads,
discusses the Folk-lore, and notices the Border Antiquities. This edition
contains 500 pages, demy 8vo., with 6 illustrative Engravings, upwards of
40 Woodcuts, and a copious Index. The former edition contained 150 pages.
Those who have, and likewise those who may be pleased to purchase the Work,
can obtain at the publishers, free of charge, a Supplement containing some
additions and corrections, and also high Commendations of the Work, which
have been extracted from various Reviews and Periodicals.
Published by J. H. PARKER, 377. Strand, London; and J. GRAINGER, 18.
Foregate, Worcester.
* * * * *
This day is published in 8vo., pp. 542, price 12s. 6d.
HISTORY of the BYZANTINE EMPIRE, from DCCXVI. to MLVII. By GEORGE FINLAY,
Esq., Honorary Member of the Royal Society of Literature.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London;
Who have lately published, by the same Author,
GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: a Historical View of the Greek Nation, from the
time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman Empire
in the East, B.C. 146-A.D. 717, 8vo., pp. 554, price 16s.
HISTORY OF GREECE, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest by
the Turks, and of the EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND, 1204-1461, 8vo., pp. 520, price
12s. {515}
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
Portraits obtained by the above, for the delicacy of detail rival the
choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
Establishment.
Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of
every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in
all its Branches.
Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B.
HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who
published the application of this agent (see _Athenæum_, Aug. 14th). Their
Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness,
tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months; it may be exported to any
climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO.
manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements
adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for
Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses
from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.
* * * * *
Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,
THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.
Translated from the French.
Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated
Lenses for Portraits and Views.
General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and other
Talbotype Papers.
Pure Photographic Chemicals.
Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.
GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make, Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
Paternoster Row, London.
* * * * *
BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
Chronometer, Gold, 50 Guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.
65. CHEAPSIDE.
* * * * *
CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
* * * * *
Established 1824.
* * * * *
FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of
131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the
different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the
five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured.
The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being
now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits
obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF
PARTNERSHIP.
POLICIES effected before the 30th of June next, will be entitled, at the
next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later
Assurers.
On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be
paid for the first five years.
INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.
Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are
_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud.
Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the
Society's Agents, or of
GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.
_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._
* * * * *
The Twenty-eighth Edition.
NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on
the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means
of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by
DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from
the Author for Five Penny Stamps.
"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the
careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5,
1852._
* * * * *
PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM.
One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth, price 6s.,
THE ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM: or, PORTFOLIO OF ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS;
relating to--
Language, Literature, and Government.
Architecture and Sculpture.
Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Discoveries.
Articles of Dress, &c.
Titles, Dignities, &c.
Names, Trades, Professions.
Parliament, Laws, &c.
Universities and Religious Sects.
Epithets and Phrases.
Remarkable Customs.
Games, Field Sports.
Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week.
Remarkable Localities, &c. &c.
By WILLIAM PULLEYN.
The Third Edition, revised and improved, by MERTON A. THOMS, ESQ.
London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., 85 Queen Street, Cheapside.
* * * * *
SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of
the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his
practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection
of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve
the sight to extreme old age.
ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the
Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so
constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface
of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a
telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than
could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on
application to
WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.
* * * * *
WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.
_Directors._
H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
W. Cabell, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
T. Grissell, Esq.
J. Hunt, Esq.
J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
E. Lucas, Esq.
J. Lys Seager, Esq.
J. B. White, Esq.
J. Carter Wood, Esq.
_Trustees._
W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.
_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on
the Prospectus.
Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
three-fourths of the Profits:--
Age _£ s. d._
17 1 14 4
22 1 18 8
27 2 4 5
32 2 10 8
37 2 18 6
42 3 8 2
ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING
SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
Parliament Street, London.
* * * * *
CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2. Royal Exchange Buildings, London.
Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million.
_Trustees._
Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds.
The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House.
John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford.
* * * * *
This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. the
Mutual System without its risks of liabilities: the Proprietary, with its
security, simplicity, and economy: the Accumulative System, introduced by
this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a deposit bank:
Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, embracing by one
policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an Endowment, and a
Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate Assurances. Bonus
recently declared, 20 per Cent.
EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary. {516}
* * * * *
NEW WORKS
PUBLISHED BY
ADDEY & CO., 21. OLD BOND STREET.
* * * * *
In One Volume, post 8vo., price 10s. 6d. cloth,
AUSTRALIA VISITED AND REVISITED:
A Narrative of recent Travels and old Experiences in the Golden, Pastoral,
and Agricultural Districts of Victoria and New South Wales.
By SAMUEL MOSSMAN, Author of "The Gold Regions of Australia," &c. and
THOMAS BANISTER, Author of "England and her Dependencies," &c.
With Maps by A. K. JOHNSTON, Geographer to Her Majesty.
"The narrative is of a truthful, matter-of-fact character. The writers
tell us what they saw, with little if any colouring or exaggeration.
Wherever there is any interest in the things themselves, it is
preserved in the book, whether it relates to the appearance of the
gold-diggings and the diggers or their mode of life--to the places
frequently depopulated of _men_ by the gold fever pervading the
colonies, to the night bivouac of quiet people to avoid the close
atmosphere and riotous companions at the roadside inns from the crowds
rushing to or returning from the diggings, or to many other more
permanent scenes of still or animated life. With the actual are mingled
remarks on Australia, and advice to emigrants, the latter of which is
of a judicious kind."--_Spectator._
"The authors of this compact volume have well worked out the purpose
they had in view, as put forth in the preface, making the book a real
book, indulging in no flights of imagination lest injury should be
inflicted thereby upon the uninformed and ingenuous.... This
straightforward and eminently practical book."--_Lloyd's Weekly News._
* * * * *
In fcap. 4to., printed and bound in the style of the period, price 21s., or
in morocco, 36s.
THE DIARY AND HOURES OF THE LADYE ADOLIE,
A FAYTHFULLE CHILDE, 1552.
Edited by the LADY CHARLOTTE PEPYS.
"This work resembles several productions of the last few years. The
Diary professes to be written by a noble young lady of the sixteenth
century. 'Lady Adolie' has an advantage over most of its precursors in
the greater depth and variety of the incidents. The Journal begins just
before the accession of Bloody Mary, and ends with the martyrdom of the
youthful writer at Smithfield.... The book is charmingly written; the
kindly, simple, loving spirit of a girl in her teens, thrown much upon
her own resources, is truthfully depicted, as well as the firm piety of
that age."--_Spectator._
"The familiar conversation of the day, as sought to be reproduced in
this Diary, wears an appearance of singular truthfulness, and whether
the topic be the deathbed of good King Edward, the merits of Somerset,
Ladye Jane Grey, her Grace the Ladye Elysabeth, the Queen herself, or
the demeanour of her Spanish husband, the proceedings of Cardinal Pole,
the doings at the Tower prison, the volume reflects as in a faithful
mirror the opinions current in the national mind."--_Globe._
* * * * *
BY THE AUTHOR OF "CHILD'S PLAY."
In medium 4to., handsomely bound, price 15s.
A CHILDREN'S SUMMER.
Eleven Etchings on Steel by E. U. B.
ILLUSTRATED IN PROSE AND RHYME BY M. L. B. & W. M. C.
India Proofs on Large Paper, in Portfolio, price 31s. 6d.
"What cordial admiration, what honest unaffected praise, have we to
bestow on these etchings! Never did we see a more perfect harmony
expressed throughout between accomplishment and grace of hand and moral
beauty of mind. Not the most faultless of mere correctness of drawing
could have the effect which these etchings produce. Within outlines
imperfect as we have described them, often the most exalted fancies are
found. The arrangement is almost always excellent--than the groupings
of the figures, and the composition of each scene, nothing for the most
part can be better. And the beautiful sympathy with children that is
displayed, the enjoyment in their joy, their gay sports their tender
little thoughtful gravities and their innocent purity of affection
which brings round them the thoughts of angels--all this has most
delightful expression in 'A Children's Summer.'"--_Examiner._
* * * * *
In Two Vols. crown 8vo., price 12s., elegantly bound in cloth, gilt,
GRIMM'S HOUSEHOLD STORIES.
COMPLETE EDITION.
The celebrated Stories of the Brothers Grimm.
Embellished with 200 small and 36 full-page Illustrations by E. H. WEHNERT.
"From time to time we have noticed the periodical appearances of this
edition of the famous book of the Brothers Grimm, and have only now to
mention the fact of its completion into two compact, well-filled
volumes. The translation is done in just the simple, homely way which
suits best with the stories.... Every juvenile library should possess
this excellent 'Grimm.'"--_Examiner._
"The two volumes of 'Household Stories,' translated from the Messrs.
Grimm, are the completed form of an edition which was issued in
numbers, and which has from time to time been mentioned by us as in
course of publication. What with Mr. Wehnert's admirable illustrations
(of which the number is almost countless) and the general elegance of
production, the work now presents an appearance sufficiently seductive
to the juvenile class of readers, to whom it is more particularly
addressed."--_Athenæum._
"We cannot again avoid alluding to Mr. Wehnert's illustrations to
'Grimm.' They are instinct with the most vital spirit of German
legendary romance--remote, unreal, grotesque, and suggestive; with
strange bits of landscape and beautiful human faces (those of the
children remarkably so), and with a singular absence of strong contrast
of light and shade, as though the sun which shone upon them was not the
same which shines upon this earth."--_Athenæum_, second notice.
"The stories are delightful."--_Leader._
* * * * *
In 8vo., handsomely bound in cloth gilt, price 5s., the First Volume of
THE CHARM:
A BOOK FOR BOYS AND GIRLS.
THE CONTRIBUTIONS BY MRS. HARRIET MYRTLE, ALFRED ELWES, J. H. PEPPER,
FREDERICA GRAHAM, CLARA DE CHATELAIN, &c.
Embellished with more than One Hundred Illustrations by LEJEUNE, KAULBACH,
WEIR, WEHNERT, ABSOLON, SKILL, &c. &c.
_The Work is continued in Monthly Numbers, price Sixpence each._
"A word in praise of the charming periodical for children, 'The Charm,'
which is more eagerly looked for by several youngsters we know than
"Bleak House' is by their parents."--_Leader._
"Children, we find, love this periodical."--_Critic._
"'The Charm' is an excellent monthly periodical, full of pleasant
stories and engravings."--_Atlas._
"An attractive and well-varied book."--_Spectator._
"'The Charm,' a book for boys and girls, is the completed volume,
handsomely bound, of a book which has been appearing in monthly numbers
during the year, and in which form we have several times noticed it
with warm approval. It is full of interesting matter to read, and
adorned with upwards of one hundred engravings, of admirable execution,
illustrative of natural history, topography, juvenile science,
costumes, and sports, drawn by the best artist."--_Critic._
* * * * *
WITH FIVE HUNDRED PICTURES.
Large 4to., 6s. in elegant Picture Binding, by LUKE LIMNER, a New Edition
of
THE PICTURE PLEASURE BOOK;
CONTAINING FIVE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE MOST EMINENT ARTISTS.
An Edition is also published mounted on cloth, price 12s.
"'The Picture Pleasure Book' is really the child's joy, for it gives
him large folio pages full of woodcuts, executed in the best style of
art, teaching him natural history, educating his eye to good drawing
and graceful form, and telling stories in pictures. It is an admirable
design, and no house that holds children should be without
it."--_Critic._
* * * * *
LONDON: ADDEY AND CO., 21. OLD BOND STREET.
* * * * *
Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10 Stonefield Street, in the Parish of
St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 21.
1853.
Corrections made to printed original.
p501. "the birth of Antonius Stradivarius" - "Autonius" in original
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21,
1853, by Various
*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
***** This file should be named 20409-8.txt or 20409-8.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
https://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/4/0/20409/
Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
Journals.)
Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.
Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.
*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
https://gutenberg.org/license).
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that
- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is
owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments
must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg-tm works.
- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
of receipt of the work.
- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at
809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
[email protected]. Email contact links and up to date contact
information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
page at https://pglaf.org
For additional contact information:
Dr. Gregory B. Newby
Chief Executive and Director
[email protected]
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit https://pglaf.org
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
https://www.gutenberg.org
This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
