The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Trinity Archive, Vol. I, No. 6, April
1888, by Trinity College
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
Title: The Trinity Archive, Vol. I, No. 6, April 1888
Author: Trinity College
Release Date: November 20, 2020 [EBook #63822]
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TRINITY ARCHIVE, APRIL 1888 ***
Produced by hekula03, David King, and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net. (This book was
produced from images made available by the HathiTrust
Digital Library.)
The Trinity Archive (Vol. I, No. 6)
Vol. I., No. 6, April 1888
THE TRINITY ARCHIVE
PUBLISHED BY THE LITERARY SOCIETIES.
Monthly. TRINITY COLLEGE, N. C. Price, 15 cts.
CONTENTS.
The World is Round 103-105
The Subjunctive Mood 105-108
Woman's Easter 108
Editorials: The Farmer's Alliance; Self-reliance; Study of History; The
German Throne; Sectionalism 108-110
Reviews: The Temperance Movement; English Grammar; Why of Methodism;
Political Geography of N. C. 111-112
Exchanges 113-114
Locals 115-116
Alumni 117-118
Miscellaneous 119
MANAGERS' NOTICES.
Correspondents will please send all matter intended for publication to
Prof. J. L. Armstrong, Trinity College, N. C.
Terms of Subscription.
One dollar, per scholastic year (nine issues), if paid in advance; if
not paid in advance, one dollar and twenty cents.
To any one who will send us a Club of Five cash yearly subscribers, we
will give a year's subscription, free.
Remittances should be made by postal note, postal order, or registered
letter, and made payable to "Business Managers of the TRINITY ARCHIVE."
Terms of Advertising.
1 column, per issue, $3.00; per scholastic year, $20.00
1/2 " " 1.75; " 12.00
1/3 " " 1.25; " 9.00
1 inch, " .75; " 5.00
All business communications should be forwarded to
NICHOLSON & JONES,
_Business Managers_,
TRINITY COLLEGE, N. C.
_Entered as second-class matter in Post Office at Trinity College, N.
C._
F. FISHBLATE,
THE
LEADING CLOTHIER
OF NORTH CAROLINA.
WE KEEP ALL THE LATEST STYLES IN
CLOTHING, HATS,
--AND--
Furnishing Goods.
Our line of Fine Dress Suits and Overcoats is the largest
and finest ever seen. In our Hat and Furnishing Goods
Department you can find anything you could ask for.
All we ask is a call to convince you that our stock is the
largest, finest and cheapest you have ever seen.
Respectfully,
F. FISHBLATE,
GREENSBORO, N. C.
C. M. VANSTORY, MANAGER.
P. S. Suits made to order from samples a specialty.
Orders by mail will receive prompt attention.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
A FREE TICKET
TO
Farrior & Crabtree's
Boot and Shoe Store,
South Elm St., GREENSBORO, N. C.
SOLE AGENTS FOR
Zeigler Bros., Jas. Means' $3,
And Wm. Dorsch & Son's
FINE GOODS.
C. B. HAYWORTH,
The People's Liveryman,
HIGH POINT, N. C.
Good Stock and conveyances. Prices reasonable.
Patronage of Trinity Students solicited.
MOFFITT & BRADSHAW,
DRUGGISTS AND PHARMACISTS,
Next Door above Bank, _High Point, N. C._
DEALERS IN
PURE DRUGS AND MEDICINES,
Toilet and Fancy Articles, Perfumeries, &c.
We cordially invite students and friends of Trinity College to call
and see us when in need of anything in our line.
FRIENDS OF TRINITY,
SUBSCRIBE FOR
_THE TRINITY ARCHIVE_.
$1.00 PER YEAR.
_Business Friends Send us Advertisements._
Richmond Straight Cut No. 1 Cigarettes.
[Illustration]
Cigarette smokers who
are willing to pay a
little more than the
price charged for the
ordinary trade cigarettes,
will find this
brand superior to all
others.
The Richmond Straight Cut No. 1 Cigarettes
are made from the brightest, most delicately flavored and highest
cost gold leaf grown in Virginia. This is the old and original
brand of Straight Cut Cigarettes, and was brought out by us in
the year 1875. Beware of imitations and observe that the firm
name as below is on every package.
ALLEN & GINTER, MANUFACTURERS,
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.
GREENSBORO
Female College,
GREENSBORO, N. C.
The Sixty-Sixth Session of this well-equipped and prosperous
School will begin on the 11th of January, 1888. Faculty (consisting
of three Gentleman and eleven Ladies) able, accomplished and
faithful. Instruction thorough in all departments. Superior advantages
offered in the departments of
Music, Art, Elocution and Modern Languages.
Location, healthful and beautiful; fare good. Premises large,
with ample walks for out-door recreation. Buildings large,
convenient, comfortable, and furnished with all the appliances of
A FIRST CLASS FEMALE COLLEGE.
Special attention paid to physical health, comfort, and development,
and moral and spiritual culture.
For catalogue apply to
T. M. JONES, PRESIDENT.
Group Photographs.
I would announce to the students of Trinity College
that with a view to doing school work I have
specially fitted myself for making
LARGE GROUPS,
such as Classes, Fraternities, Literary Societies, &c.
Will be glad to serve with whatever they need in
Photography, in that or any other line of work. I
also make
Portrait Frames and Mats to Order.
Respectfully,
=S. L. ALDERMAN=,
GREENSBORO, N. C.
THE
Trinity Archive.
Published under Supervision of the Professor of English.
TRINITY COLLEGE, APRIL, 1888.
THE WORLD IS ROUND.
The following is an extract from a modernized version of "The Voyages
and Travels of Sir John Mandeville, Kt." He set out in 1322 and was
thirty years in making his "Voyages and Travels," an account of which he
wrote in French, and this was afterwards Englished, probably by some one
else.
"And men may prove by experience and their understanding, that if a man
found passages by ships, he might go by ships all round the world, above
and beneath; which I prove thus, after what I have seen. For I have been
towards the parts of Brabant, and found by the astrolabe that the polar
star is fifty-three degrees high; and further, in Germany and Bohemia,
it has fifty-eight degrees; and still further towards the north it is
sixty-two degrees and some minutes; for I myself have measured it by the
astrolabe. Now you shall know that opposite the polar star is the other
star, called antarctic, as I have said before. These two stars are
fixed; and about them all the firmament turns as a wheel that turns on
its axle-tree; so that those stars bear the firmament in two equal
parts; so that it has as much above as it has beneath.... And if I had
company and shipping to go further, I believe certainly that we should
have seen all the roundness of the firmament all about. For, as I have
told you before, the half of the firmament is between the two stars,
which half I have seen. And the other half I have seen towards the
north, under the polar star, sixty-two degrees and ten minutes; and
towards the south, I have seen under the antarctic thirty-three degrees
and sixteen minutes; and the half of the firmament in all contains but
one hundred and eighty degrees, of which I have seen sixty-two on the
one part, and thirty-three on the other, which makes ninety-five
degrees, and nearly the half of a degree; so that I have seen all the
firmament except eighty-four degrees and the half of a degree; and that
is not the fourth part of the firmament. By which I tell you, certainly,
that men may go all round the world, as well under as above, and return
to their country, if they had company, and shipping, and guides; and
always they would find men, lands, and isles, as well as in our part of
the world. For they who are towards the antarctic are directly feet
opposite feet of them who dwell under the polar star; as well as we and
they that dwell under us are feet opposite feet. For all parts of sea
and land have their opposites, habitable or passable....
"They, therefore, that start from the west to go towards Jerusalem, as
many days as they go upward to go thither, in so many days may they go
from Jerusalem to other confines of the superficialities of the earth
beyond. And when men go beyond that distance, towards India and to the
foreign isles, they are proceeding on the roundness of the earth and the
sea, under our country. And therefore hath it befallen many times of a
thing that I have heard told when I was young, how a worthy man departed
once from our country to go and discover the world; and so he passed
India, and the isles beyond India, where are more than five thousand
isles; and so long he went by sea and land, and so environed the world
by many seasons, that he found an isle where he heard people speak his
own language, calling an oxen in the plough such words as men speak to
beasts in his own country, whereof he had great wonder, for he knew not
how it might be. But I say that he had gone so long, by land and sea,
that he had gone all round the earth; that he was come again to his own
borders, if he would have passed forth till he had found his native
country. But he turned again from thence, from whence he was come, and
so he lost much painful labor, as himself said, a great while after,
when he was coming home; for it befell after, that he went into Norway,
and the tempest of the sea carried him to an isle; and when he was in
that isle, he knew well that it was the isle where he had heard his own
language spoken before, and the calling of the oxen at the plough. But
it seems to simple and unlearned men that men may not go under the
earth, but that they would fall from under towards the heaven. But that
may not be any more than we fall towards heaven from the earth where we
are; for from what part of the earth that men dwell, either above or
beneath, it seems always to them that they go more right than any other
people. And right as it seems to us that they be under us, so it seems
to them that we are under them; for if a man might fall from the earth
unto the firmament, by greater reason the earth and the sea, that are so
great and so heavy, should fall to the firmament; but that may not be,
and therefore saith our Lord God, 'He hangeth the earth upon nothing.'
"Although it be possible so to go all round the world, yet of a thousand
persons not one might happen to return to his country; for, from the
greatness of the earth and sea, men may go by a thousand different ways,
that no one could be sure of returning exactly to the parts he came
from, unless by chance or by the grace of God; for the earth is very
large, and contains in roundness and circuit, above and beneath, 20,425
miles, after the opinion of the old wise astronomers; and, after my
little wit, it seems to me, saving their reverence, that it is more; for
I say thus: let there be imagined a figure that has a great compass; and
about the point of the great compass, which is called the centre, let
there be made another little compass; then, afterwards, let the great
compass be divided by lines in many parts, and all the lines meet at the
centre; so that in as many parts as the great compass shall be divided,
in so many shall the little one that is about the centre be divided,
although the spaces be less. Let the great compass be represented for
the firmament, and the little compass for the earth; now the firmament
is divided by astronomers into twelve signs, and every sign is divided
into thirty degrees. Also let the earth be divided into as many parts as
the firmament, and let every part answer to a degree of the firmament;
and I know well that, after the authorities in astronomy, seven hundred
furlongs of earth answer to a degree of the firmament, that is
eighty-seven miles and four furlongs. Now, multiplied by three hundred
and sixty times, it makes 31,500 miles, each of eight furlongs,
according to miles of our country. So much hath the earth in circuit
after my opinion and understanding."
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
There is in this fast age a fast-growing tendency, on the part of many
so-called English grammarians, to set aside the uses of the subjunctive
mood and to attempt to make the indicative perform the functions of
both. In the first place, they are striving to do that which is
impossible; in the second place, by their efforts to make the indicative
do the work of both and by their lack of effort to see and understand
and explain the "subtle distinctions involved in the use of the
subjunctive mood," they have entangled the mind of the student of
English grammar in a net-work of obscurity and have cast the dust of
falsehood into his eyes and have thrown the whole subject of the uses of
moods into a fog of ambiguity. Many say but little on the subject of
moods, and it would have been a great deal better for the student if
many of them had said nothing, unless they had approached nearer to the
truth. Some in their definitions for the term 'mood,' imply, if they do
not say positively, that mood is a certain manner of using verbs. No
definition could be more misleading, and none at all would have been far
better. "Most English grammars say that the subjunctive mood is used to
express uncertainty or to state an action conditionally." This shows
again that they are stepping in the dark and that it would be best for
them to stand still until their eyes opened, for nothing can be farther
from the truth. When an uncertainty or a conditionality has reference to
actual fact, it not only _may be_ but _must be_ expressed by a statement
in which the indicative mood is used; as, 'If the man is guilty, he
ought to be hanged.' Here we have a sentence in which the speaker is
dealing with a _fact_, a _reality_, and one about which he is uncertain
and for that reason puts a condition in his statement. This gives us a
sentence in which both uncertainty and conditionality are expressed, and
at the same time one in which the indicative mood is employed; and, if
space permitted, we could give numberless examples from good authors.
"Of course everybody knows that the subjunctive mood is employed in some
sorts of conditional statements;" but this certainly fails to prove that
the subjunctive mood is _necessary_ to the expression of a condition. In
most conditional statements, there is generally some such conjunction as
'if,' 'lest,' 'unless,' 'though' or 'although' preceding the verb, or
else the inverted position of parts of the sentence is such as to show
the condition without conjunction. 'If thine enemy be hungry, give him
bread to eat.'--_Prov. XV., 21_; 'Cursed be my tribe, if I forgive
him.'--_Sh. Merch. Ven. I., 1_; 'Though he slay me, yet will I trust in
him.'--_Job XIII., 15_; 'My son, if thine heart be wise, my heart shall
rejoice.'-_Prov. XXIII., 15_; 'If this be treason, make the most of
it.'--_Patrick Henry_; 'Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy
and vain deceit.'--_Colos. III., 18_; and, 'If a man desire the office
of a bishop, he desireth a good work.'--_I Tim. III., 1_;--these are a
few examples in which conditions are expressed by conjunctions; and we
find that condition is expressed by something else than verbs or the
moods of verbs. Therefore, if the subjunctive mood is not necessary to
express a condition, we are forced to the conclusion that its function
is something far different from that of expressing mere conditionality,
even when it is used in a conditional statement. And, when we find both
a conditional conjunction and a subjunctive mood in the same statement,
we are forced to believe that the subjunctive mood adds some new force.
'If he be taken, he shall never more be feared.'--_Sh. King Lear II. I.,
8_; 'If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a
liar.'--_I John IV, 20_; 'Tell me ... if he appeal the duke on ancient
malice.'--_Rich. II. I., i, 9_, are examples in which the subjunctive
mood does not express condition, but something more important.
Others of these so-called grammarians speak of moods as being certain
"verb-forms," and thus far they are correct; but they err when they
say that, because in the course of time the distinctive marks have
been worn away and the indicative and subjunctive forms have become
alike in appearance, they are identical, and speak of them as
"indicative-subjunctive forms." Though two verbs may be spelled alike
and look and sound alike, yet that is no reason for saying that they
are alike in grammatical function or in the same mood. '_Depart_ from
me, all ye workers of iniquity.'--_Luke XIII., 27_; 'When ye _depart_
thence, shake off the dust under your feet ...'--_Mark VI., 11._ Here
we have two verbs alike in appearance; but who would say that they are
alike in function? or who would dare call them "indicative-imperative
forms"? It is no more unreasonable to talk of "indicative-imperative
forms" than to talk of "indicative-subjunctive forms." "To talk of
'indicative-subjunctive forms' is like talking of a 'round-square
hole.'" May the Goddess of Grammar look with compassion upon such
mistakes, and, if the offenders ever repent, by her grace grant them
full pardon, for the school-boy never can!
The subjunctive mood has a far more important and almost entirely
different function from those commonly assigned to it. The word 'mood'
comes from the Latin _modus_ (manner) and, as used with reference to
verbs, denotes certain variations of their form, by means of which the
speaker can show the manner in which the action, being or state of being
is connected in his own mind with the things spoken of. The subjunctive
mood includes those forms of the verb which the speaker must use when he
wishes to show that his statement or supposition is connected in his
mind with a matter of mere _conception_ and not a matter of real _fact_,
independent of his own thought about it. The term 'subjunctive' comes
from the Latin _subjungere_ (to join on-to) and was applied to this mood
because it is used more frequently in sub-joined clauses than in
principal clauses; but its name does not limit it to dependent clauses,
for we have many examples that will prove to the contrary; as 'This
single crime, in my judgment, were sufficient to condemn
him.'--_Duncan's Cicero, p. 82_; 'Be he who he will.'--_Sh. R._
(_Koch_); 'It were long to tell.'--_Byron's Giaour_; 'To love thee were
to love myself.'--_Paradise Lost, IX., 959_; 'The rest were long to
tell.--_Ib. I., 507_; Compare the force of the subjunctive in these with
its force in the following examples: 'Whatever betide, be thou at least
kind to my memory.'--_Byron's Marino Faliero II., 1_; 'He stood resigned
to the decree, whatever it were.'--_Ib. I., 2._ Then, if we consider it
worth our while to distinguish in our statements between those made in
connection with real matter of _fact_ and those made in connection with
matter of mere _conception_, the subjunctive mood must remain in our
language, for it is the only means by which we can show this important
distinction. When ever we lay aside the subjunctive mood we lay aside
one of _the_ powers of our language.
C. W.
WOMAN'S EASTER.
BY LUCY LARCOME.
With Mary, ere dawn, in the garden,
I stand at the tomb of the Lord;
I share in her sorrowing wonder;
I hear through the darkness a word,
The first the dear Master hath spoken
Since the awful death-stillness was broken.
He calleth her tenderly--"Mary!"
Sweet, sweet is His voice in the gloom.
He spake to us first, O my sisters,
So breathing our lives into bloom!
He lifteth our souls out of prison;
We, earliest, saw him arisen!
The message of his resurrection
To man it was woman's to give;
It is fresh in her heart through the ages:
"He lives, that ye also may live,
Unfolding, as He hath, the story
Of manhood's attainable glory."
--_Woman's Journal._
Editorials.
M. C. THOMAS _Hesperian_, }
D. C. ROPER, _Columbian_, } EDITORS.
The farmer has at last begun to think for himself, and, as a natural
consequence, he is acting in defense of himself and his rights. This can
truthfully be called an age of organizations. Men of all professions and
occupations are uniting themselves in associations. From this general
approval, one cannot but conclude that such organizations, well
conducted, are beneficial in some way to their respective classes. It,
therefore, behooves the farmer so to prepare himself as to be able to
declare and maintain his rights among the various other co-operative
bodies of the business world. No one, then, will say that the Farmer's
Alliance, _if conducted aright_, will not prove successful in the
accomplishment of the farmer's purpose; but even the farmer will admit
that the natural tendency of such organizations is towards politics. So
soon as this corrupting feature takes root in the Farmer's Alliance, not
only must the Alliance die, but the socio-political status of the farmer
will be lowered.
* * * * *
Self-reliance is one of the first things that a college student should
learn. At the very beginning of his college course he should determine
to discard all unnecessary aid, it matters not how anxious he may be to
take a high stand in his class and in his Society. Hard labor is the
price of all excellence, and if he is not willing to exert himself he
should be satisfied with low grades, &c. The young man who uses
translations to be able to get along in his class, and plagiarizes in
his Society in order to win, among a certain class of students, the
reputation of being a good speaker, could not possibly devise a better
plan by which to ruin himself. Such a student may get up a short-lived
reputation, but he will be found out eventually and will experience a
great mortification. The student who does not rely in the main on his
own exertions may go to college all his life and yet not be truly
educated. Colleges do not exist for the purpose of cramming a student
with text-book knowledge, but to teach him to use his mental powers to
the best advantage. Every student should use his own brains, and not
rely upon translations or fellow students, and thus "beat" his way
through college. Let self-reliance be the motto of every student at
Trinity.
* * * * *
The study of history in American colleges has made wonderful progress
during the latter part of this century. But still there are many people
who consider it almost unorthodox to study anything but the present.
Those who venture to write about Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle, they
would consider as fit companions for the monks of the Middle Ages who
thought that seclusion and a little knowledge of Latin constituted the
essence of true religion. There is something in "the olden time" to
enlist our love and win our admiration. To many a student, those old
Druid priests, sacrificing human victims under Britain's primeval oaks,
are objects of wonder. There is an inexplicable peculiarity in their
midnight sacrifices which excites the curiosity of the youthful and
stimulates the reflecting mind to greater research. But this is not all.
The best way to improve the present is to profit by the examples of the
past. The great military chieftains of modern times have always studied
with great care and consideration the campaigns of Alexander, Caesar and
Hannibal, and have therefore escaped defeat. So should every political
leader carefully study the policy of Sparta under Lycurgus, of Beotia
under Epaminondas, of Athens under Solon and Pericles, and of France
under Charlemagne. Indeed, every citizen should have a knowledge of the
social and political history of fallen empires, monarchies and
democracies in order to avoid their Scylla and Charybdis.
William I., King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany, though dead, will
ever live in the memory of both American and European people through the
lasting results of the past half century's events. No other person has
been so uninterruptedly successful in the accomplishment of his plans.
No other monarch has held as he has, the affections and conserved the
trusts of his people. Hence, it is natural and proper that they should
mourn his loss, and tremble at the uncertainty of finding in a successor
all the qualities of their late ruler. The Emperor Frederick is slowly
dying. It was hoped that on his succession to the throne the German
policy would be liberalized and that the strength which the Empire had
acquired would be manifested in allowing more freedom in the expression
of opinion and in political action. But such hopes must soon prove vain;
for the crown will soon pass to the Emperor William's grandson, who is
thought to be of quite a different cast from his heroic and hapeless
father. He will have the counsel and assistance of Bismarck, but
nevertheless the world will breathe uneasily for months, and, it may be,
for years to come. The great question with the German people is, will
the change bring in its train continued peace or a beginning of war.
The recent speeches of several of the most prominent Republicans in the
United States Senate, notably that of Mr. Ingalls, reflects discredit
not only upon them, but also upon their constituents throughout the
North. They prove conclusively that sectional hatred has not yet ceased
to exist among a large class of people at the North, and that they still
cherish a malignant feeling of resentment toward the South. The spirit
displayed in these speeches is contemptible, and the very essence of
narrow-mindedness; it would ill become the Middle Ages, much less this
enlightened nineteenth century. It is in vain that appeals are made to
cause the North and the South to forget the past, and become re-united
in the bonds of brotherhood and affection, so long as representatives of
the North pursue such a virulent course toward the Southern people. Mr.
Ingalls' speech proves him to be a partisan demagogue, and unworthy to
hold his present high position. The best class of people of both
sections have long since become disgusted with bloody-shirt politics and
hearing sectional feeling appealed to, and should see to it that
broad-minded men are chosen to represent them in Congress. Then, and not
till then, will both sections become fully reconciled.
Reviews.
J. S. BASSETT, _Hesperian_, }
W. J. HELMS, _Columbian_, } EDITORS.
THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT: or, The Conflict between Man and Alcohol.
By Henry William Blair, United States Senator from New Hampshire.
Boston, William E. Smythe Company. 8vo., pp. xxiv 583. 1888.
Every voter should read this book. The author, who, by reason of his
many philanthropic efforts and high political position, commands the
confidence of all, presents for consideration a comprehensive statement
of the nature and the physical and moral effects of alcoholic drinks,
discusses proposed remedies for the evil it entails, dwells on
prohibition, and gives an historical sketch of the efforts made in
temperance reform. Those who wish to understand this rapidly growing
question would find what they desire in this book. The argument is
substantiated by facts, and many valuable tables are given. Maps,
colored plates showing the effects of alcohol on the physical organs,
and fifty-eight full page portraits of leading workers in the temperence
cause, together with a clear, forcible style, good type and attractive
binding, add much to the general desirableness of the work. It contains
a portrait of Prof. J. C. Price, of Zion Wesley College, Salisbury, N.
C., and mention is made of him as "one of the foremost temperance
orators now living." An elaborate index and an appendix containing
Justice Harlan's opinion on the Kansas cases closes the volume.
* * * * *
LESSONS IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR. By Alfred H. Welsh (Ohio State
University), Author of "Development of English Literature and
Language," &c. pp. vii, 237. Chicago: John C. Buckbee and Company.
1888.
This work begins with a treatise on the origin, growth and relations of
the English language, which might well form the introductory chapter to
any brief work on English literature. In a few words the story of our
language is told from the 5th century when the Angles, Saxons and Jutes
landed in England to the present time. The fact may also be noted that
the author in his treatment of the alphabet, of nouns, and of pronouns,
has departed slightly from the "old order of things," and avoided some
errors made by other grammarians.
The remainder of the book abounds in many errors and contains very
little worthy of commendation. The Parts of Speech are defined
inductively, and this "Induction," which generally occupies pages of
preparatory explanation, leaves the pupil in such a state of
bewilderment that he does not recognize the proposition when it is
reached. It is to be regretted that the verb should ever have received
such treatment as it has here. The disposition of the Moods is almost
shocking. The much-mooted "Potential" Mood with its 'may,' 'can,'
'must,' 'might,' 'could,' 'would,' or 'should,' is given special stress,
while the Subjunctive is utterly rejected on the following grounds: (1)
"There is no peculiar form for it; (2) there is no peculiar meaning for
it, it being indicative or potential in meaning according as it has the
indicative or potential form."
The first objection is frivolous from the fact that in modern English
other parts of speech are open to the same criticism. The author himself
tells us the word '_that_' may be either a _relative_ or a
_demonstrative_ pronoun; yet is not the _form_ the same? The second
objection is likewise groundless. [See article "Subjunctive Mood," p.
104, ARCHIVE.]
The absurdity of a Potential Mood is well shown by the following from
Mason: "The so-called Potential Mood is the product of a series of
blunders and misconceptions, and has been discarded by all the best
authorities. 'I can write' or 'I must write' is not a _mood_ at all in
the sense in which 'I write,' 'I should write,' or 'Write [thou],' is a
mood. If you take a subject (say 'John'), and a verb (say 'write'), when
the Indicative, Subjunctive, or Imperative Mood is used, the _act of
writing_ predicated of John in some manner, affirmatively or negatively,
as matter of fact, as matter of conception, or as matter of volition.
But if we say 'John can write,' or 'John must write,' we predicate of
John not _writing_, but the _ability_ to write, or the _obligation_ to
write, which is a totally different affair. Nobody thinks of giving the
name 'Potential Mood' to such combinations as 'Scribere possum,' 'Ich
kann schreiben,' or 'Je puis écrire.' Its retention in English grammar
is anomalous and absurd."
* * * * *
THE WHY OF METHODISM. By Daniel Dorchester, D. D., New York.
Phillips and Hunt, pp., 182, 16m. 1887.
This work is the expansion of a line of thought set forth by Dr.
Dorchester in a sermon preached at Chlemsford, Mass., in response to the
Unitarian minister at that place, who challenged the doctrines of all
other denominations. The author discusses the origin, character,
influence and polity of the Methodist Church, then adds some practical
lessons drawn from what precedes, and gives a table showing the
numerical standing of the church up to within the last half decade. To
the whole is added an ample index, thus making the book useful for
reference. To those who desire to arrive at a concise concept of
Methodism, we can confidently say read it and keep it for reference. The
printer has also done his duty and the volume presents a very attractive
appearance.
* * * * *
Read the interesting article on the life of Darwin, in the April number
of the _Atlantic Monthly_.
Exchanges.
A. M. SHARP, _Hesperian_, }
G. N. RAPER, _Columbian_, } EDITORS.
Simplicity, says Pope, is the mean between ostentation and rusticity.
The man who does not take this mean as his goal in life will never
fulfil the duty for which he was designed. A nation's civilization
depends upon the culture and good manners of the citizens who make up
that civilization. The South can boast of her good manners springing
from the commingled blood of the Cavalier and Huguenot, before the War.
Now, since the greatest obstacle was forever obliterated when the
requiem of slavery was sounded at Appomatox, what is to hinder people
from obtaining the highest type of this development? A recent number of
the _College Message_ truly says that the great obstacles of the present
are the modern dude and coquette, and the inordinate worship of the
"Almighty dollar."
* * * * *
_The Oak Leaf_ discusses to some extent "The Importance of Literary
Society Work," in which many reasons are given why boys should attend to
Society duty as well as to the regular routine work of the school room.
The writer is broad in his views and his arguments are based on common
sense principles. The Society hall is the place to begin public
speaking, and debating is mightier than patent systems as a cure for
mind-wandering, which is perhaps one of the gravest difficulties that
the student has to overcome. Forensic discussion, in addition to wearing
away bashfulness, gives the participant the habit of concentrated and
continuous thought.
* * * * *
Carlyle has said that history is nothing but the biographies of great
men. Such being the case, the study of the lives and characters of those
who have been the chief actors in the drama of the world's history will
be an enchanting way by which the civilization and refinement of
different people can be understood. The ARCHIVE was glad to see in a
recent issue of the _Western Sentinel_ a communication on "Patrick
Henry," in which the author briefly describes the career of
"the forest born Demosthenes
Whose thunder shook the Philip of the seas."
No newspaper can do anything which will be of more advantage to its
readers than give a column to such articles.
* * * * *
The February number of the _Thompson Student_ has an article on "Foreign
Immigration," which reflects much credit upon the author. This is a
question which is pregnant with the most vital issues concerning the
welfare of the nation. Although Foreign Immigration has been "one of the
most potent factors in the settlement and developement of the country,"
it has long ceased to be a blessing, and instead has become a curse,
which, if not properly checked, will soon overwhelm our country in
nihilism, anarchism and atheism.
* * * * *
The _Thompson Student_ is a new exchange hailing from Siler City, N. C.
* * * * *
The March number of _The Wake Forest Student_ is up to its usual
standard of excellence. Among the articles worthy of notice, are several
short pieces on the subject of "The Need of a More Outspoken Sentiment
among Students." These articles are brief and to the point. They deal a
well directed blow at the mistaken idea, too prevalent among students,
of shielding one of their number in his violations of the regulations of
law and order. _The Archive_ endorses anything which has for its object
the extermination of this evil.
* * * * *
Who has not heard the story of the hunter who, when about to engage in
mortal combat with an infuriated bear, sent up the following touching
petition: "O, Lord, I am an old man now, yet I have never asked any
favor of you in all my life. It seems to me that there will soon be a
considerable difficulty here, and I want you, please, to do one thing
for me, and if you will, I'll never ask anything of you as long as I
live. I want you, please, to be on my side in this difficulty; this is
what I want you to do. But if you can't be on my side, please sit on the
fence, as it were, and don't help the bear, and I will show you one of
the best bear fights you ever saw in all your life."
_The University Magazine_, in an article entitled "The Origin of a good
Story," would have us believe that this is only a new version of a
prayer offered by some old German before engaging in battle. The
deviation is ingeniously worked out, but we like the story better in the
shape in which we have always heard it.
* * * * *
The secret of the success of great men has been found in the improvement
of the _spare_ moments. It took only a few drops of water to overthrow
the colossal Empire of Napoleon, and so a few unimproved moments may be
the cause of failure when those times come which try men's souls. One
species of the misuse of time is the school-boy's systematic _loafing_.
Some boys are born with this inclination. Others think that their genius
will carry them safely through, but too often when called up on
recitation they are forced to say, "I didn't have the time to get this
lesson." All those who are thus affected will do well to read the
editorial on "Loafing" which appeared in the March number of the
_Haverfordian_.
* * * * *
The birth-place of Andrew Jackson need no longer be a subject of
dispute. _The College Visitor_ gives us to understand that Waxhaw, S.
C., is the place in which the illustrious warrior statesman first saw
the light. If this information be authentic, North Carolina will have to
resign her claims, and console herself with the hope of being more
fruitful of Presidents in the future.
Locals.
T. E. McCRARY, _Hes._, }
L. L. BURKHEAD, _Col._, } REPORTERS.
April-showers.
Street Lamps.
Ham and Eggs.
Farmers are busy planting.
Smoky-row is still an eye-sore.
The tin-roof of the College has been repainted.
A bear is reported to have been seen in this vicinity. Several have seen
his huge form and heard his frightful grunt.
Consult the advertising column of THE ARCHIVE before purchasing your
base-ball and tennis goods.
Col. Pickett, of Dallas, Texas, was here on the 10th of last month and
addressed us in the interest of the Farmers' Alliance.
Messrs. Roberts, Holland and Burkhead have returned from the Newberne
fair where they had, as they say, the biggest time out of jail.
When you go to High Point be sure and stop at the Bellevue. The
Proprietor is a friend to Trinity students.
Mr. Paul Jones, of Tarboro, a graduate of this College is teaching
elocution here. He has twenty pupils. We wish him much success with the
boys.
"Coffee" is the Ladies-man of the College, but the girls say that he
tells them all the same story.
Lindsay & Bro., of High Point, are selling their stock of clothing at
cost.
"Dick" rode at the tournament but did not get a ring. Of course his
horse shied!
Rev. E. H. Davis, of High Point, was with us a short while back. Come
again, Ed.
The Greensboro Brass Band has been engaged to give us music for our
coming commencement. And we expect to have good music as well as a good
time. Come.
When you are in Thomasville, stop at Grimes' Hotel, and if you are sick
call on Grimes and Strickland.
"Possum" still keeps the path warm between here and Archdale. Sometime
the boys will have to hunt him up and pull him out of the mud.
Mrs. Jefferson Davis returned to her home in LaGrange on the 17th ulto.,
after a short visit to her parents.
A bright Prep, who attended the concert at Thomasville remarked that he
did not see the town, but saw lots of pretty girls. We echo "them
sentiments."
We will have no Senior Presentation this year, as all of the seniors
have as much work as they can attend to without writing speeches for
that occasion.
Everybody is getting ready for Commencement. The Marshal and the Manager
are making arrangements to accommodate a large crowd, and also to make
that crowd enjoy themselves.
The ARCHIVE tenders thanks for the kindness shown our Business Manager
at High Point and Thomasville.
The young ladies of Thomasville Female College gave a literary and
musical entertainment on the 16th. Several of our boys attended and were
well pleased, especially with the girls.
Behold the effect that studying Poetics has had on some of our boys! We
glean the following from the notebook of one of our Juniors. May the
muse who was the cause of this be cast into the uttermost depths of the
bottomless pit!
The March wind it bloweth
And the student he goeth
To visit the big oyster-fair;
But soon he returneth
And his teacher discerneth
His senses were weakened while there.
Tho' the fair maiden chideth,
In the tourney he rideth
To see what a rep. he could make;
But the sunlight it glanceth
And his noble horse pranceth
And "narry" a ring did he take.
Will the Local Editors of the ARCHIVE parse the word "had" in the third
item of the local column of the March number and give rule therefor?
Please answer through columns of the same.
Respectfully,
ALUMNUS OF '59.
In explanation, we refer to ABBOTT, _How to Parse_, § 386:
"(1). 'Better wait a while.'
(2). 'You had better be quiet.'
Here 'had' is Subjunctive, meaning 'would have;' and the sentence would
be in full--
(2). 'You would have (find) it better to be quiet.'
(3). 'I had rather be a door-keeper,' _i. e._ 'I soon_er_ ['_rather_'
meant 'early,' 'soon'] would have,' _i. e._ 'I prefer to be a
door-keeper.'"
Base Ball is now the game of the season. Four or five clubs have been
formed and there is a match-game nearly every afternoon. Mr. W. H.
Johnston is Captain of the first nine, which is named "The Crowell." The
Trinity club has been successful in days gone by and expects to keep up
its past reputation under its new name and Captain.
Mr. C. G. Peacock left on the 1st of March for Philadelphia where he
will take a business course at Pierce's Business College, preparatory to
entering business. Success to you Charlie!
We understand that Mr. Jarrell, of High Point, is leader of a
Prohibition Vigilance Committee and those who drink and those who sell
will be brought before the authorities every time.
Trinity was enlivened by the charming faces of Misses Lena Hudgins,
Lizzie Ballance and Lizzie Lawrence, of the G. F. C., who were visiting
Miss Mamie Robbins. They returned on the 25th. Next day the
"spider-legs" were sick: their webs had been broken.
Alumni.
G. T. ADAMS, _Hesperian_, }
E. K. WOLFE, _Columbian_, } EDITORS.
LOUISBURG, N. C., }
March 20th, 1888. }
EDITOR OF THE ARCHIVE:--After an absence of nearly three years I visited
this month the place of my college days, my Alma Mater. Though strange
faces meet one on every hand, yet 'tis the place that makes friends of
us all.
And now, Mr. Editor, as you see, this short letter is directed to you,
but I am also addressing myself to the Alumni of Trinity College, and
especially to those of '85. The Alumni of this college are many. They
are scattered far and wide throughout our State, and all no doubt at the
present rejoice as they recognize a bright future for this college. Yes,
the future _is_ bright, but not yet reached. New men have been put in to
fill long standing vacancies, professors of learning and integrity. The
number of students is increasing, and with it reviving the whole
community; and mighty efforts are being made in securing an endowment
fund. But we must not stop here without hailing with delight and pride
the noble enterprise set on foot by the students themselves. For no
outsider can be said to be the originator. An undertaking it is that
reflects worth an honor not only on the students but also on the Alumni
who will respond to the solicitations of these students.
There are one hundred students who have obligated themselves to stand, I
mean each one of the hundred, for the sum of fifty dollars, payable at a
time not as yet determined upon, making, as will be seen, the sum of
five thousand dollars, which amount is to be used in the erection of a
new building for the Society Halls and for other purposes. Any one who
wishes to contribute can send check for any amount to any one of the
hundred.
Whose duty is it to respond first? I say it is the duty of the Alumni.
The faculty may teach, the preachers may preach, the students may come,
but the strength of the institution lies in the Alumni. As the tree, so
is everything judged by its products. I wish it could be said that the
class of '85 gave more money to Trinity College than any other class
that has ever left the institution.
I have placed my name opposite the sum of fifty dollars to go in aid of
the new Building, and I hope, as I am the first of the class of '85, I
will not be the last.
The Trustees are working faithfully for the Endowment Fund, and let the
students continue in their good work, so heartily encouraged by Prof.
English, who has given the granite free of charge, a gift that will long
stand a monument to his noble character and unwavering hope for the
institution in which he is now an instructor.
Most respectfully,
PAUL JONES.
--W. P. Andrews, '86, is principal of Jefferson High School, Jefferson,
S. C.
--C. W. Ogburn, '62, is agent for the Home Library Association,
Greensboro, N. C.
--J. W. Alspaugh, '55, is cashier of the First National Bank of Winston,
N. C.
--Frank Armfield who was here in '86, is merchandising for his father in
Monroe, N. C.
--R. P. Dicks is a manufacturer at Randleman, N. C. After leaving
Trinity and spending a few years in Texas, he decided to make the "Old
North State" his home.
--E. T. White, '78, is a prominent physician and citizen of Oxford, N.
C.
--William T. Cheatham, Jr., is merchandising in Henderson, N. C. He was
here in '85.
--J. J. White, '70, is a successful farmer in Trinity Township. He
resides near Trinity College.
--A. P. Tyer, who was here in '74, has charge of Pineville Circuit,
Pineville, N. C. He is a constant worker and has a promising future.
--J. W. Balance, '58, is prospering as a merchant at Lewiston, N. C. He
has a son at Trinity.
--Geo. M. Bulla, '79, has occupied quite a prominent position in
politics since his graduation from college. In '81 he obtained license
to practice law, and is now located at Lexington with his father. He
represented his county in the House in '85, at which session he received
the unanimous vote of his party for Speaker. He was elected clerk in
'87, the duties of which office he performed with accuracy and dispatch,
meeting the most sanguine expectations of his many friends.
--E. L. Cooley, while at College the popular "Harpist," is proprietor of
a large Furniture and Undertaking establishment of Hillsboro, N. C. We
are glad to learn, Ed., that your efforts are being crowned with
brilliant success.
--J. G. Brown is cashier of the Citizen's National Bank of Raleigh, N.
C.
--J. W. Hanes is one of the leading tobacconists of Winston, N. C.
--J. W. Payne, '54, is clerk of the United States Court and also a
prominent citizen of Greensboro, N. C.
--H. L. Coble, '84, will take charge of Kernersville Academy Aug. 6th,
in the place of Prof. S. C. Lindsay who has moved to High Point to take
charge of the high school there.
--J. A. Carpenter, '86, on graduating from college, began teaching at
Deep Creek Academy. Shortly afterwards he married Miss Mattie Ratliff,
and is now engaged in school-teaching and farming.
--Ernest Deans is book-keeper for the wide-awake young firm of C. A.
Young & Bro., Wilson, N. C.
Miscellaneous.
ENGLISH AS SHE IS SPOKEN.
Talbut is pronounced Tolbut.
Thames is pronounced Tems.
Bulwer is pronounced Buller.
Cowper is pronounced Cooper.
Holburn is pronounced Hobun.
Wemyss is pronounced Weems.
Knollys is pronounced Knowles.
Cockburn is pronounced Coburn.
Brougham is pronounced Broom.
Norwich is pronounced Nowidge.
St. Ledger is pronounced Sillinger.
Hawarden is pronounced Harden.
Colquhoun is pronounced Cohoon.
Cirencester is pronounced Sissister.
Grosvenor is pronounced Grovenor.
Salisbury is pronounced Sawlsbury.
Beauchamp is pronounced Beecham.
Marylebone is pronounced Marrabun.
Abergavenny is pronounced Abergenny.
Marjaribanks is pronounced Marchbanks.
Bolingbroke is pronounced Bullingbrook.--_The Christian Union._
* * * * *
In the University of Berlin there are three hundred instructors and over
seven thousand students. The theological students number eight hundred
and one. There are one hundred and sixty-three students from the United
States.--_Ex._
* * * * *
Self-reliance is one of the highest virtues in which the world is
intended to discipline us: and to depend upon our selves even for our
own personal safety is a large element in our moral training.--_Froude._
DIKE BOOK COMPANY,
Opp. National Bank, GREENSBORO, N. C.
Fine Books and Stationery
OF ALL KINDS.
SETS OF BOOKS
By Standard Authors for sale by sets or singly.
Books of great value, including History, Biography,
Poetry, Travels, &c., for young men and students, at
low prices.
_FULL LINE OF THE POETS._
Latest Publications of Lovell's Library, Munro's
Library and others.
IMPORTANT
To reduce our stock of clothing, we offer same for 30
days at =PRIME COST=
50 Suits $4.50, $5.50, $6.50; 50 Suits $8.50,
$10.50, $12.50; 25 suits, Corkscrew Worsted,
$6.50, $8.50, $12.50, up.
150 pairs Men's Pants, 75c to $5.
50 prs childrens pants, 35c.
R. J. LINDSAY & BRO.
_GRIMES & STRICKLAND_,
Pharmacists and Apothecaries,
THOMASVILLE, N. C.
Keep constantly on hand
PURE and FRESH DRUGS and MEDICINES.
Best brands of Cigars and Tobaccos always on hand.
Prescriptions carefully filled at all hours.
BELLEVUE HOTEL.
J. N. CAMPBELL, MANAGER.
Headquarters for Sportsmen and Commercial
Travelers.
HIGH POINT, N. C.
TRINITY COLLEGE,
TRINITY COLLEGE, N. C., U. S. A.
FACULTY.--Separate chairs in History and Political Economy, Latin
and French, English and German, Greek and Metaphysics, the Natural
Sciences, Mathematics and Engineering, Business and Pedagogy.
DEPARTMENTS.--_Collegiate_, leading to Degrees of A. B. and Ph. B.
_Preparatory_, preparing for admission to college.
_Business_, five months' training for business life.
_Post-Graduate_, advanced studies beyond graduation.
_Pedagogics_, lectures and special work for teachers.
_Theological_, preparatory training for the Christian Ministry.
EXPENSES.--_Tuition_, $3 to $5 per month.
_Board_, $8 to $12 per month.
Tuition should be paid in advance, and books at the time of
purchase.
SPECIAL LECTURES are given weekly to all who may wish to attend, free of
extra charge, on topics of interest. The lecture program of prominent
speakers for the weeks will be announced later.
EXAMINATIONS.--Examinations in course are held twice a year or at the
completion of any particular subject. Examinations for admission to
college in 1888 to any of the regular classes will be held in June on
the day following Commencement, and in September on the day before the
opening of college. Students are admitted to the Preparatory and
Business Departments without examination, but to no other.
The requisites for admission to the Freshman class in 1888 are
Arithmetic, including the Metric System; Algebra to Quadratics; U. S.
History; English Grammar and Analysis; Geography, Descriptive and
Physical; Natural Sciences, Physiology and Hygiene; Latin, three Books
of Caesar and Latin Grammar, including Prosody.
An extra year's work in Latin and Greek will be required for admission
in 1889 to the classical course only (A. B. degree.)
LOCATION.--In Randolph county. Reached _via_ High Point, N. C., over the
Piedmont Air Line. Healthfulness and quiet location render it peculiarly
safe and well adapted to the education of youth and young men.
INFORMATION.--Special circulars issued quarterly, and the regular annual
catalogue will be sent or any desired information given respecting the
Institution, upon application to
JOHN F. CROWELL, A. B. (Yale),
_President_.
WM. PARTRIDGE,
HIGH POINT, N. C.
Makes a specialty of
LADIES' and GENTLEMENS' FINE SHOES,
HAND SEWED SHOES,
FRENCH CALF SHOES,
HAND WELT SHOES,
GOODYEAR WELT SHOES,
McKAY SEWED SHOES,
GENTLEMEN'S GENUINE KANGAROO SHOES.
J. FAUST & SON'S FINE SHOES.
Dunlap & Youman's block of STIFF HATS, also a
fine line of CRUSH HATS.
_WM. PARTRIDGE_,
Boot, Shoe and Hat Store.
BROWN & MATTON,
DRUGGISTS
NEXT DOOR TO POST OFFICE, HIGH POINT, N. C.
Invite the students and friends of Trinity College to examine their
complete line of
Toilet Articles, Perfumery, Stationery,
and all articles usually found in a first-class drug store.
THE BEST. THE BEST.
Holmes' New Readers, Maury's Geographies, and
Holmes' New History are recommended by the State
Board of Education for exclusive use in the schools of
North Carolina. Best books at lowest prices. Every
school should have them,
UNIVERSITY PUB. Co.,
19 Murray St., NEW YORK.
THOMAS BROS.,
Successors to Thomas, Reece & Co.,
POWER
Book AND Job Printers,
GREENSBORO, N. C.
_Printers of "The Archive."_
Transcriber's Notes:
Archaic and colloquial spelling and punctuation was retained.
Missing or obscured punctuation was corrected.
Typographical errors were silently corrected.
Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
Text that was in bold face is enclosed by equals signs (=bold=).
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Trinity Archive, Vol. I, No. 6,
April 1888, by Trinity College
*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TRINITY ARCHIVE, APRIL 1888 ***
***** This file should be named 63822-8.txt or 63822-8.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
http://www.gutenberg.org/6/3/8/2/63822/
Produced by hekula03, David King, and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net. (This book was
produced from images made available by the HathiTrust
Digital Library.)
Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will
be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive
specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this
eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook
for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,
performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given
away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks
not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the
trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the
person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph
1.E.8.
1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the
Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual
works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting
free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily
comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when
you share it without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country outside the United States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear
prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work
on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed,
performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you
are located before using this ebook.
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is
derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works
posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format
other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official
version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain
Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
provided that
* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has
agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation."
* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm
works.
* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
receipt of the work.
* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than
are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The
Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm
trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
without further opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
www.gutenberg.org
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the
mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its
volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous
locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt
Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to
date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and
official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
For additional contact information:
Dr. Gregory B. Newby
Chief Executive and Director
[email protected]
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular
state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works.
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.
Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org
This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
