The Project Gutenberg EBook of Brain Teaser, by Tom Godwin
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll
have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
this ebook.
Title: Brain Teaser
Author: Tom Godwin
Release Date: May 23, 2019 [EBook #59581]
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRAIN TEASER ***
Produced by Greg Weeks, Mary Meehan and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
BRAIN TEASER
BY TOM GODWIN
_How can a ship travel both forward and
backward and sideways in two different directions,
be going twice as fast as the speed of
light--and still be completely motionless?_
[Transcriber's Note: This etext was produced from
Worlds of If Science Fiction, October 1956.
Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that
the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]
Carl Engle stood aside as the flight preparation crew filed out of the
_Argosy_'s airlock. Barnes was the last; fat and bald and squinting
against the brightness of the Arizona sun.
"All set, Carl," he said. "They had us to check and countercheck,
especially the drives."
Engle nodded. "Good. Ground Control reports the Slug cruiser still
circling seven hundred miles out and they think the Slugs suspect
something."
"Damned centipedes!" Barnes said. "I still say they're telepathic." He
looked at his watch. Zero hour minus twenty-six minutes. "Good luck,
boy, and I hope this space warp dingus works like they think it will."
He waddled down the boarding ramp and Engle went through the airlock,
frowning a little as he threw the switches that would withdraw the ramp
and close the airlock behind him. Barnes' implied doubt in the success
of the space warp shuttle was not comforting. If the shuttle failed
to work, the _Argosy_ would be on the proverbial spot with the Slug
cruiser eager to smear it well thereupon....
Access to the control room was up through the room that housed the
space warp shuttle. Dr. Harding, the tall, bristle-browed physicist,
and his young assistant, Garvin, looked up briefly as he entered then
returned their attention to their work. The master computer, borrowed
from M.I.T., stood like a colossal many-dialed refrigerator along one
wall. A protective railing around it bore a blunt KEEP OUT sign and
it was never left unwatched. Garvin was seated before it, his fingers
flitting over the keyboard and the computer's answer panel replying
with strange mathematical symbols.
The space warp shuttle sat in the middle of the room, a cube
approximately two-thirds of a meter along the edge, studded with dials
and knobs and surmounted by a ball of some shining silvery alloy. Dr.
Harding was talking into the transdimensional communicator mounted
beside the shuttle.
Engle went on to the computer and waited outside the railing until
Garvin finished with his work and turned in his seat to face him.
"The last check question," Garvin said. "Now to sweat out the last
twenty minutes."
"If you've got the time, how about telling me about the shuttle,"
said Engle, "I've been kept in the dark about it; but from what I
understand, the shuttle builds up a field around the ship, with the
silver ball as the center of the field, and this field goes into
another dimension called the 'space warp'."
"Ah--it could be described in that manner," Garvin said, smiling a
little. "A clear description could not be made without the use of
several special kinds of mathematics, but you might say this field in
normal space is like a bubble under water. The air bubble seeks its own
element, rises rapidly until it emerges into free air--in this case,
the space warp. This transition into the warp is almost instantaneous
and the shuttle automatically ceases operation when the warp is fully
entered. The shuttle is no longer needed; the hypothetical bubble no
longer exists--it has found its own element and merged with it."
"I know that a light-hour of travel in the warp is supposed to be
equivalent to several light-years in normal space," Engle said, "but
what about when you want to get back into normal space?"
"The original process is simply reversed: the shuttle creates a
'bubble' that cannot exist in the warp and seeks its own element,
normal space."
"I see. But if the shuttle should--"
He never completed the question. Dr. Harding strode over, his eyes blue
and piercing under the fierce eyebrows as he fixed them on him. He
spoke without preamble:
"You realize the importance of this test flight with the shuttle, of
course? Entirely aside from our personal survival should the Slug
cruiser intercept us."
"Yes, sir," he answered, feeling the question suggested an even lower
opinion of his intelligence than he had thought Harding held.
Project Space Warp existed for the purpose of sending the _Argosy_
to Sirius by means of the space warp shuttle and bringing back the
_Thunderbolt_ by the same swift method. The _Thunderbolt_, Earth's
first near-to-light-speed interstellar ship, was a huge ship; armed,
armored, and invincible. It had been built to meet every conceivable
danger that might be encountered in interstellar exploration--but the
danger had come to the solar system from the direction of Capella nine
years after the departure of the _Thunderbolt_. Eight cruisers of the
pulpy, ten-foot centipede-like things called Slugs had methodically
destroyed the colonies on Mars and Venus and established their own
outposts there. Earth's ground defenses had held the enemy at bay
beyond the atmosphere for a year but such defense could not be
maintained indefinitely. The _Thunderbolt_ was needed quickly and its
own drives could not bring it back in less than ten years....
"We will go into the warp well beyond the atmosphere," Harding
said. "Transition cannot be made within an atmosphere. Since a very
moderate normal space velocity of the ship will be transformed into a
greater-than-light velocity when in the warp, it is desirable that we
make turn-over and decelerate to a very low speed before going into the
warp."
"Yes, sir," he said. "I was briefed on that part and I'll bring us as
near to a halt as that cruiser will permit."
"There will be communication between us during the flight," Harding
said. "I will give you further instructions when they become necessary."
He turned away with an air of dismissal. Engle went to the ladder
by the wall. He climbed up it and through the interroom airlock,
closing the airlock behind him; the routine safety measure in case any
single room was punctured. He went to the control board with a vague
resentment gnawing for the first time at his normally placid good
nature.
So far as Harding was concerned--and Garvin, too--he might as well have
been an unusually intelligent baboon.
* * * * *
Zero hour came and the _Argosy_ lifted until Earth was a tremendous,
curving ball below and the stars were brilliant points of light in a
black sky. The Slug cruiser swung to intercept him within the first
minute of flight but it seemed to move with unnatural slowness. It
should have been driving in at full speed and it wasn't....
"Something's up," Ground Control said. "It's coming in too slowly."
"I see that," he answered. "It must be covering something beyond it, in
your radar shadow."
It was. When he was almost free of the last traces of atmosphere he saw
the other cruiser, far out and hidden from Ground Control's radar by
the radar shadow cast by the first one.
He reported, giving its position and course as given him by the robot
astrogating unit.
"We'll have the greatest amount of time if I make turn-over now and
decelerate," he finished.
The voice of Harding came through the auxiliary speaker:
"Do so."
The _Argosy_ swung, end for end, and he decelerated. The cruiser behind
him increased its speed, making certain it would be in position to
cut off any return to Earth. The other cruiser altered its course to
intersect the point in space the _Argosy_ would soon occupy, and the
_Argosy_ was between the rapidly closing jaws of a trap.
He made reports to Ground Control at one-minute intervals. At 11:49 he
said:
"Our velocity is approaching zero. We'll be within range of the second
cruiser's blasters in two more minutes."
Harding spoke again to him:
"We'll go into the warp now. _Do not_ alter the deceleration or the
course of the ship while we're in the warp."
"I won't," he said.
There was a faint mutter from the auxiliary speaker as Harding gave
some instructions to Garvin. Engle took a last look at the viewscreen;
at blue-green Earth looming large in the center, Orion and Sirius
glittering above it and the sun burning bright and yellow on the right.
It was a scene he had observed many times before, all very familiar and
normal--
The chronometer touched 11:50 and normalcy vanished.
Earth and sun and stars fled away from him, altering in appearance
as they went, shrinking, dwindling. The seas and continents of Earth
erupted and shook and boiled before Earth faded and disappeared. The
sun changed from yellow to green to blue, to a tiny point of bright
violet light that raced away into the blackness filling the screen and
faded and disappeared as Earth had done.
Then the viewscreen was black, utterly, completely, dead black. And the
communicator that had connected him with Ground Control was silent,
without the faintest whisper of background sound or space static.
In the silence the voice of Harding as he spoke to Garvin came through
the speaker; puzzled, incredulous, almost shocked:
"Our velocity couldn't have been that great--_and the sun receded into
the ultraviolet!_"
There was the quick sound of hurrying footsteps then the more distant
sound of the computer's keys being operated at a high rate of speed. He
wanted to ask what had gone wrong but he knew no one would answer him.
And it would be a pointless question--it was obvious from Harding's
tone that he did not know, either.
He had an unpleasant feeling that Man's first venture into another
dimension had produced catastrophic results. What had caused sun and
Earth to disappear so quickly--and what force had riven and disfigured
Earth?
Then he realized the significance of Harding's statement about the sun
receding into the ultraviolet.
If the ship had been traveling at a high velocity away from the sun,
the wave length of the sun's light would have been increased in
proportion to the speed of the ship. The sun should have disappeared
in the long-wave infrared end of the spectrum, not the short-wave
ultraviolet.
With the thought came the explanation of the way the continents
and oceans of Earth had quivered and seethed. The shifting of the
spectrum range had shortened normally visible rays into invisibly
short ultraviolet radiations while at the same time formerly invisible
long infrared radiations had been shortened into visible wave
lengths. There had been a continuous displacement into and past the
ultraviolet and each wave length would have reflected best from a
different place--mountains, valleys, oceans, deserts, warm areas, cool
areas,--and the steady progression into the ultraviolet had revealed
each area in quick succession and given the appearance of agitated
movement.
So there was no catastrophe and everything had a logical explanation.
Except how they could have been approaching a sun that he had seen
clearly, visibly, racing away from them.
"Engle--" The voice of Harding came through the speaker. "We're going
back into normal space to make another observation. I don't know just
where we are but we're certain to be far from the cruisers. Don't alter
our course or velocity."
"Yes, sir," he said.
They came out of the warp at 11:53. The communicator burped suddenly
and the viewscreen came to life; a deep, dull red that brightened
quickly. A tiny coal flared up, swelling in size and shifting from red
to orange to yellow--the sun. Earth appeared as a hazy red dot that
enlarged and resolved itself into a planet with distorted continents
that trembled and changed, to resume their natural shapes and colors.
Within a few seconds the sun was shining as ever, Earth loomed large
and blue-green before them and the stars of Orion glittered unchanged
beyond. Even their position in space was the same--they had not moved.
But the Slug cruisers had.
One was very near and from its forward port came the violet haze that
always preceded a blaster beam. There was no time to escape--no chance
at all. He spoke into the mike, harsh and urgent:
"_Into the warp!_ There's a blaster beam coming--_move!_"
There was a silence from below that seemed to last an eternity, then
the sound of a switch being slapped hastily. At the same time, the
violet haze before the cruiser erupted into blue fire and the blaster
beam lanced out at them.
It struck somewhere astern. The power output needle swung jerkily as
the generators went out and the emergency batteries took the heavy
load of the shuttle's operation. There was a sensation of falling as
the ship's artificial gravity units ceased functioning. The auxiliary
speaker rattled wordlessly and there was a sound like a hard rush of
wind through it, accompanied by quick bumping sounds.
Then the speaker was still and there was no sound of any kind as the
viewscreen shifted into the ultraviolet and Earth and stars and sun
once again raced away and disappeared in the blackness.
* * * * *
A myriad of lights above the board informed him the generators were
destroyed, the stern section riddled and airless, the emergency
batteries damaged and reduced to quarter charge, the shuttle room
punctured and airless.
And, of course, Harding and Garvin were dead.
He felt a surge of futile anger. It had all been unnecessary. If only
they had not considered him incompetent to be entrusted with anything
more than the ship's operation--if only they had installed an emergency
switch for the shuttle by his control board, there would not have been
the two-second delay following his order and they would have been
safely in the warp before the blaster beam struck.
But they had not trusted him with responsibility and now he was alone
in a space warp he did not understand; sole and full responsibility
for the shuttle suddenly in his hands.
He considered his course of action, then got into a pressure suit.
Magnets in the soles of its heavy boots permitted him to walk in
the absence of gravity and he went to the interroom airlock with
metallically clicking steps. He let himself through the lock and walked
down what had been the room's wall, then across to the center of its
floor.
But for the fact there was no one in the room, it was as he had last
seen it. The shuttle, computer, and other equipment stood in their
orderly positions with their lighted dials unchanged. Until one looked
at the gash ripped in the hull and saw the stains along its edge where
the occupants had been hurled through it by the escaping air.
He went on to the next room and the next. The damage increased as he
proceeded toward the stern. The power generators were sliced into
ribbons and the emergency batteries in such condition it seemed a
miracle they were functioning at all. The drives had received the
greatest damage; they were an unrecognizable mass of wreckage.
He made his way back to the shuttle room, there to appraise his
circumstances. He reached automatically for a cigarette and stopped
when his glove bumped the breast plate of his pressure suit.
First, he would have to make the shuttle room livable; get out of the
pressure suit. He would have to question the computer and he could not
do that with the thick, clumsy gloves on his hands.
The job didn't take long. There were repair plates on the ship and a
quick-hardening plastic spray. He closed the sternward airlock when he
was done and opened the airlock leading to the control room, as well
as the locks beyond. Air filled the shuttle room, with only a minor
over-all loss of air pressure. He removed the suit, attached a pair
of magnetic soles to his shoes so he could operate the keys of the
computer without the movements sending him floating away, and went to
it.
He had never been permitted to touch it before, nor even stand close
enough to see what the keyboard looked like. Now, he saw that the
alphabetical portion of the keyboard was minor compared with the
mathematical portion, many of the symbols strange to him.
The operation of an interplanetary ship required a certain knowledge of
mathematics, but not the kind used by theoretical physicists. He typed,
doubtfully:
ARE YOU CAPABLE OF ANSWERING QUESTIONS PRESENTED IN NON-MATHEMATICAL
FORM?
The word, YES, appeared at once in the answer panel and relief came to
him like the lifting of a heavy burden.
The computer knew as much about the space warp as Harding or anyone
else. It was connected with his drive controls and instruments and knew
how far, how fast, and in what directions the flight had taken place.
It had even been given blueprints of the ship's construction, in case
the structure of the ship should affect the ship's performance in the
warp, and knew every nut, bolt, plate and dimension in the ship.
There was supposed to be a certain method of procedure when questioning
the computer. "It knows--but it can't think," Garvin had once said. "It
lacks the initiative to correlate data and arrive at conclusions unless
the procedure of correlation is given it in detail."
Perhaps he could manage to outline some method of correlation for the
computer. The facts of his predicament were simple enough:
He was in an unknown medium called "the Space Warp." Something not
anticipated occurred when a ship went into the warp and Harding had
not yet solved the mystery when he died. The physicists in Observation
would be able to find the answer but he could not ask them. The
forward movement of the ship was not transferred with it into the warp
and if he emerged into normal space the waiting Slug cruisers would
disintegrate him before he spoke three words to Observation.
There was a pencil and a tablet of paper by the computer. He used
them to calculate the time at which the charge in the damaged
batteries would reach a critical low, beyond which the charge would be
insufficient to activate the shuttle.
The answer was 13:53. He would have to go out of the warp at 13:53 or
remain in it forever. He had a great deal less than two hours in which
to act.
He typed the first question to the computer:
WHAT IS THE POSITION OF THIS SHIP RELATIVE TO NORMAL SPACE?
The answer appeared on the panel at once; the coordinates of a position
more than a light-year toward Ophiuchus.
He stared at the answer, feeling it must be an error. But it could not
be an error--the computer did not make mistakes. How, then, could the
ship have traveled more than a light-year during its second stay in
the warp when it had not moved at all during the first stay? Had some
factor of the warp unknown to him entered the picture?
As a check he typed another question:
WHAT WAS OUR POSITION, RELATIVE TO NORMAL SPACE, IMMEDIATELY BEFORE
THIS SHIP WAS SHUTTLED BACK OUT OF THE WARP?
The answer was a position light-days toward Ophiuchus.
He typed: IMPOSSIBLE.
The computer replied: THIS STATEMENT CONFLICTS WITH PREVIOUS DATA.
He recalled the importance of keeping the computer free of all faulty
or obscure data and typed quickly: CANCEL CONFLICTING STATEMENT.
CONFLICTING STATEMENT CANCELED, it replied.
He tried another tack. THIS SHIP EMERGED FROM THE SPACE WARP INTO THE
SAME NORMAL SPACE POSITION IT HAD OCCUPIED BEFORE GOING INTO THE WARP.
He thought the computer would proceed to give him some sort of an
explanation. Instead, it non-committally replied: DATA ACKNOWLEDGED.
He typed: EXPLAIN THIS DISCREPANCY BETWEEN SPACE WARP AND NORMAL SPACE
POSITIONS.
It answered: INSUFFICIENT DATA TO ACCOUNT FOR DISCREPANCY.
He asked, HOW DID YOU DETERMINE OUR PRESENT POSITION?
It replied: BY TRIANGULATION, BASED ON THE RECESSION OF EARTH, THE SUN,
SIRIUS, ORION, AND OTHER STARS.
BUT THE RECEDING SUN WENT INTO THE ULTRAVIOLET, he objected.
Again it answered with the non-commital, DATA ACKNOWLEDGED.
DID YOU ALREADY HAVE THIS DATA? he asked.
YES.
EXPLAIN WHY THE RECEDING SUN SHIFTED INTO THE ULTRAVIOLET INSTEAD OF
THE INFRARED.
It replied: DATA INSUFFICIENT TO ARRIVE AT LOGICAL EXPLANATION.
He paused, pondering his next move. Time was speeding by and he was
learning nothing of value. He would have to move the ship to some
place in the warp where emergence into normal space would not put him
under the blasters of the Slug cruisers. He could not know where to
move the ship until he knew where the ship was at the present. He did
not believe it was in the position given him by the computer, and its
original space warp position had certainly not been the one given by
the computer.
The computer did not have the ability to use its knowledge to explain
contradictory data. It had been ordered to compute their space warp
position by triangulation of the receding sun and stars and was not
at all disturbed by the contradicting shift of the sun into the
ultraviolet. Suppose it had been ordered to calculate their position by
computations based on the shift of the sun's and stars' spectrum into
the ultraviolet?
He asked it: WHAT IS OUR POSITION, IGNORING THE TRIANGULATION AND
BASING YOUR COMPUTATIONS ON THE SHIFT OF THE SPECTRUMS OF THE SUN AND
ORION INTO THE ULTRAVIOLET?
It gave him the coordinates of a position almost two light-years
toward Orion. The triangulation computations had shown the ship to be
going backward at many times the speed of light; the spectrum-shift
computations showed it to be going forward with approximately the same
speed.
THIS SHIP CANNOT SIMULTANEOUSLY BE IN TWO POSITIONS THREE LIGHT-YEARS
APART. NEITHER CAN IT SIMULTANEOUSLY BE GOING FORWARD AND BACKWARD.
DATA ACKNOWLEDGED, it agreed.
USE THAT DATA TO EXPLAIN THE CONTRADICTIONS OF THE TWO POSITIONS YOU
COMPUTED.
DATA INSUFFICIENT TO ARRIVE AT LOGICAL EXPLANATION, it answered.
ARE YOU CERTAIN THERE WAS NO ERROR IN YOUR CALCULATIONS?
THERE WAS NO ERROR.
DO YOU KNOW THAT IF WE DROPPED BACK INTO NORMAL SPACE, IT WOULD BE AT
NEITHER OF THE POSITIONS YOU GAVE ME?
It replied with the characteristic single-mindedness: DATA SHOWS OUR
TWO POSITIONS TO BE THOSE GIVEN.
He paused again. He was still getting nowhere while time fled by. How
swiftly less than a hundred minutes could pass when they were all a
man had left to him....
The computer was a genius with the mental initiative of a moronic
child. It could find the answer for him but first he would have to take
it by the hand and lead it in the right direction. To do that he would
have to know more about the warp.
He wrote: EXPLAIN THE NATURE OF THE SPACE WARP AS SIMPLY AS POSSIBLE
AND WITHOUT USING MATHEMATICS HIGHER THAN ALGEBRA.
It answered at once: THIS CANNOT BE DONE.
The chronometer read 12:30. He typed:
THIS SHIP WILL HAVE TO RETURN TO NORMAL SPACE NO LATER THAN 13:53. IT
MUST BE MOVED TO A DIFFERENT POSITION WHILE STILL IN THE WARP.
DATA ACKNOWLEDGED, it replied.
THIS SHIP CANNOT OCCUPY TWO POSITIONS AT THE SAME TIME. YOUR MEMORY
FILES SHOULD CONTAIN SUFFICIENT DATA TO ENABLE YOU TO FIND THE
EXPLANATION OF THIS TWO-POSITIONS PARADOX. FIND THAT EXPLANATION.
SUBMIT METHOD OF PROCEDURE, it answered.
I DO NOT KNOW HOW. YOU WILL HAVE TO ARRIVE AT THE EXPLANATION UNAIDED.
THIS CANNOT BE DONE, it replied.
He wrote, with morbid curiosity:
IF YOU DO NOT FIND THE ANSWER UNAIDED YOU WILL BE DESTROYED ALONG WITH
ME AT 13:53. DON'T YOU GIVE A DAMN?
It answered: GIVE A DAMN IS A SEMANTIC EXPRESSION I DO NOT UNDERSTAND.
CLARIFY QUESTION.
He got out of the computer seat and walked about the room restlessly.
He passed by the transdimensional viewscreen and communicator and
pressed the communicator's signal button. A dial flickered in return,
showing his signal was going out, but there was no sound in response.
If only he could make contact with the brains in Observation--
He was umpty billion miles east of the sun and umpty billion miles west
of the sun. He was racing faster than light in two different directions
at once and he was sitting motionless under the blasters of two Slug
cruisers.
Another thought came to him: even if he could move the ship while in
the warp, where could he go?
He would have to go far beyond the outer limits of the solar system to
escape detection by the Slug cruisers. And at that distance the sun
would be only a yellow star, incapable of energizing the little solar
power units. He would not live long after the last of the power was
drained from the batteries and the air regeneration equipment ceased
functioning. He would not even dare sleep, toward the last. There were
no convection currents in the air of a ship without gravity, and it was
imperative that the air be circulated constantly. The air circulation
blowers would cease functioning while the ship still contained pure air
but he would have to move about continually to breathe that air. Should
he lie down to sleep he would smother to death in a carbon dioxide
bubble of his own making.
If he managed to emerge into normal space at some point just outside
Earth's atmosphere, beyond range of the cruisers, his driveless ship
would descend as a blazing meteor. If, by some miracle, he could
emerge into normal space just a few inches above the space-field it
would be to materialize into space already occupied by air. Such
a materialization would be simultaneously fatal to him and to the
electronic components of the shuttle and computer.
And if he did not move the ship, the Slug cruisers would disintegrate
him. He had four hypothetical choices of his way to die, all equally
unpleasant.
He smiled wanly at his reflection in the bright metal bordering the
viewscreen and said, "Brother--you've had it!"
* * * * *
He went to the control room, there to brush his fingers across the
useless control buttons and look into the viewscreen that revealed only
black and limitless Nothing.
What was the warp? Surely it must have definite physical laws of some
kind. It was difficult to imagine any kind of existence--even the black
nothing of the warp--as being utterly without rule or reason. If he
knew the laws of the warp he might find some means of survival hitherto
hidden from him.
There was only one way he could learn about the warp. He would have to
question the computer and continue questioning it until he learned or
until his time was up.
He returned to the computer and considered his next question. The
computer had calculated their positions from observations of the sun
and other stars in front of the ship--what would similar calculations
based on observations of the stars behind the ship reveal? He typed:
USE FIRST THE TRIANGULATION METHOD AND THEN THE SPECTRUM-SHIFT METHOD
TO DETERMINE OUR POSITION FROM OBSERVATIONS MADE OF THE STARS OF
OPHIUCHUS.
The answers appeared. They showed the ship to be simultaneously
speeding away from Ophiuchus and toward it.
He asked: DO THESE TWO POSITIONS COINCIDE WITH THOSE RESULTING FROM THE
OBSERVATIONS OF ORION?
YES, it answered.
Was the paradox limited to the line of flight?
He asked the computer: WHAT IS OUR POSITION, COURSE AND SPEED AS
INDICATED BY THE STARS AT RIGHT-ANGLES TO OUR FORWARD-BACKWARD COURSE;
BY THE STARS OF URSA MINOR AND CRUX?
The answer appeared on the panel: the ship was racing sideward through
the warp in two diametrically opposed directions, but at only one-third
the speed with which it was racing forward and backward.
So now the ship had four impossible positions and two different speeds.
He frowned at the computer, trying to find some clue in the new data.
He noticed, absently, that the hand of one of the dials was near zero
in the red section of the dial. He had not noticed any of the dials
registering in the danger zone before....
He jerked out of his preoccupation with apprehension and typed: TELL ME
IN NON-TECHNICAL LANGUAGE THE MEANING OF THE HAND NEAR ZERO ON THE DIAL
LABELED _MAX. ET. REF_.
It answered: ONE OF MY CIRCUITS WAS DAMAGED BY THE SUDDEN RELEASE OF
AIR PRESSURE. I WILL CEASE FUNCTIONING AT THE END OF FOUR MORE MINUTES
OF OPERATION.
He slammed the master switch to OFF. The lights on the board went out,
the various needles swung to zero, leaving the computer a mindless
structure more than ever resembling an overgrown refrigerator.
Four minutes more of operation ... and he had so many questions to
ask before he could hope to learn enough about the warp to know what
he should do. He had wasted almost an hour of the computer's limited
life, leaving it turned on when he was not using it. If only it had
told him ... but it was not the nature of a machine to voluntarily give
information. Besides, the receding hand of the dial was there for him
to see. The computer neither knew nor cared that no one had thought it
worthwhile to teach him the rudiments of its operation and maintenance.
It was 12:52. One hour and one minute left.
He put the thought aside and concentrated on the problem of finding the
key to the paradox.
What conceivable set of circumstances would cause receding stars to
have a spectrum shift that showed them to be approaching the ship? Or,
to rephrase the question, what conceivable set of circumstances would
cause approaching stars to appear to dwindle in size?
The answer came with startling suddenness and clarity:
There was no paradox--the ship was expanding.
He considered the solution, examining it for flaws of logic, and found
none. If he and the ship were expanding the wave length of light would
diminish in proportion to the increasing size of the retinas of his
eyes and the scanner plates of the transdimensional viewscreens: would
become shorter and go into the ultraviolet. At the same time, the
increasing size of himself and the ship would make the Earth and sun
relatively smaller and therefore apparently receding.
The same theory explained the two different speeds of the ship: its
length was three times its diameter so its longitudinal expansion would
proceed at three times the speed of its cross-sectional expansion.
Everything checked.
How large was the ship now?
He made a rough calculation and stared almost unbelievingly at the
results. He was a giant, more than a third of a light-year tall, in a
ship that was six light-years long and two light-years in diameter.
Far Centauri, which had required thirty years to reach in the fastest
interplanetary ship, floated seventy-one feet away in the blackness
outside the hull.
And the sun and Earth were in the room with him, going into the
shuttle's silvery focal ball.
He would have to ask the computer to make certain his theory was valid.
His time was too critically short for him to waste any of it with
speculation based on an erroneous theory.
He switched on the computer and it lighted up again. He typed rapidly:
ASSUME THIS SHIP TO BE MOTIONLESS AND EXPANDING WOULD THAT THEORY
SATISFACTORILY EXPLAIN ALL THE HITHERTO CONTRADICTORY PHENOMENA?
There was a brief pause as the computer evaluated its data, then it
answered with one word:
YES.
He switched it off again, to squander none of its short period of
usefulness until he had decided upon what his further questions should
be. At last, he had some grounds for conjecture; had learned something
about the warp the designers of the shuttle had not suspected. Their
calculations had been correct when they showed a ship would travel in
the warp at many times the normal space speed of light. But somewhere
some little factor had been overlooked--or never found--and their
precise mathematics had not indicated that the travel would be produced
by expansion.
_Nature abhors a vacuum._ And the black, empty warp was a vacuum more
perfect than any that existed in normal space. In the normal space
universe there were millions of stars in the galaxy and millions of
galaxies. In the warp there was utter Nothing. Did the physical laws of
the warp demand that matter be scattered throughout it, in emulation of
its rich neighbor in the adjoining dimension? Was the warp hungry for
matter?
He rejected the thought as fantasy. There was some explanation that the
physicists would eventually find. Perhaps there was a vast size-ratio
difference between the two dimensions; perhaps the warp was far larger
than the normal space universe and some co-universal law demanded that
objects entering it become proportionally larger.
None of that aspect of his circumstances, however, was of importance.
There was only one prime problem facing him: how to move the ship
within less than an hour to some point in the warp where his emergence
into normal space would result in neither instant nor days-away
death and where he would have the time to try to carry out the
responsibility, so suddenly placed in his hands, of delivering the
space warp shuttle to the _Thunderbolt_.
The long-range task depended upon his immediate survival. He had to
move the ship, and how did a man move a driveless ship? It might not
require a very large propulsive force--perhaps even an oxygen tank
would serve as a jet. Except that he had none.
He could use part of the air in the ship. Its sudden release should
move the ship. There was a sun very near: Alpha Centauri. If he had the
proper tools, and the time, he could cut a hole in the hull opposite
Centauri ... but he had neither the tools nor the time.
And what good would it do him if he could emerge into normal space at
the desired distance from Centauri? He would be provided with power for
the air regenerators by the solar power units but not power sufficient
to operate the shuttle. He would breathe, and eat, for a week. Then the
small amount of food on the ship would be gone and he would breathe for
another four or five weeks. And then he would die of starvation and his
driveless ship would continue its slow drift into the sun, taking his
bones and the shuttle with it.
He would have to go to Sirius and he would have to reach it the first
try or never. If he could emerge into normal space at the proper
distance from Sirius he would have power from it to operate the
communicator. The _Thunderbolt_ would come at once when it received
his message and swallow the little _Argosy_ in its enormous hold. The
return to Earth would be the swift one through the warp and the Slug
cruisers, so bold in pursuit of unarmed interplanetary ships, would
quickly cease to exist.
At 13:53 Sirius would be somewhere in or near the bow of the ship.
The ship would not have to be moved more than two thirds of its
length--twenty meters. He could do that by releasing part of the air in
the shuttle room through the sternward airlock.
How much air?
He tried to remember long-forgotten formulas. So many cubic feet of
air at such and such a pressure when released through an opening of
such and such a diameter would exert a propulsive force of.... Hell,
he didn't know. And not even the computer would be able to tell him
because there were so many unknown factors, such as the proportion of
the ship's mass lost to the Slug blasters, the irregular shape of the
airlock opening, the degree of smoothness of its metal....
He made calculations with pencil and paper. He would have to move
the ship with extreme precision. A light-hour short of the proper
distance put him too far from the sun for it to power the communicator,
a light-hour beyond put him in the sun's flaming white heart. One
light-hour out of eight point six light-years was approximately one
part out of seventy-five thousand. He would have to move the ship with
an accuracy of point aught three centimeters--one hundredth of an inch.
_One hundredth of an inch!_
He laid the pencil back down, almost numbly. He could never open and
close an airlock and move a mass of thousands of tons with an accuracy
of a hundredth of an inch. The very thought was wildly fantastic.
He was already far closer to Sirius than he would be if he tried to get
any closer. And that was over eight light-years from it.
He looked at the chronometer and saw the hands had already reached
13:20. Thirty-three minutes left to him. Sirius was near--soon it would
be in the bow of the ship--and Sirius was eight point six light-years
away.
How could he move the ship a certain distance accurate to one hundredth
of an inch? He couldn't. The answer was blunt and ugly and irrefutable:
he couldn't.
He got up and walked across the room, feeling like a man who had in
quick succession been condemned, reprieved, recondemned. He had been
projected into a situation for which he had had no preliminary training
whatever; had been made sole custodian and operator of a computer and a
space warp shuttle that he had never before been permitted to touch. He
had used the sound but not at all brilliant mind nature had given him
to solve the riddle of the paradoxes and learn where he was and where
he wanted to go. He had done quite well--he had solved every problem of
his survival and the shuttle's delivery except the last one!
He passed by the shuttle and stopped to rest his hand on the bright,
silvery focal ball. The solar system would be deep inside the ball;
the atoms of the ball larger than Earth, perhaps, and far more
impalpable than the thinnest air. The Slug cruisers would be in there,
infinitesimally tiny, waiting for him to return....
No--faulty reasoning. The solar system was as it had always been, not
diminished in size and not really in the ball. It was only that two
different points in two different dimensions coincided in the ball....
He saw the answer.
He did not have to move the ship to Sirius--he had only to move the
ball!
* * * * *
There would be little time, very little time. First, to see if the warp
shuttle was portable--
It was. When he unfastened the clamp that held it to the stand it
lifted up freely, trailing a heavy cable behind it. He saw it was only
a power supply cable, with a plug that would fit one of the sockets in
the bow of the ship. He left the shuttle floating in the air, leashed
by the cable, and went to the computer. Next, he would have to know if
Sirius would be fully in the ship--
He switched the computer on and typed:
DETERMINE THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER OF THE WARP SHUTTLE'S FOCAL BALL
TO THE SPACE WARP POSITION OF SIRIUS AT 13:53, BASING YOUR COMPUTATIONS
ON THE EXPANDING-SHIP THEORY.
It gave him the answer a moment later: 18.3496 METERS.
He visualized the distance, from his knowledge of the ship's interior,
and saw the position would be within the forward spare-parts room.
Next, to learn exactly where in that room he should place the shuttle.
He could not do so by measuring from the present position of the
shuttle. The most precise steel tape would have to be at exactly the
right temperature for such a measurement to be neither too short nor
too long. He had no such tape, and the distance from the focal ball
was only part of the necessary measuring: he would have to measure
off a certain distance and a precisely certain angle from the purely
imaginary central line of the ship's axis to intersect the original
line. Such a measurement would be impossible in the time he had.
He considered what would be his last question to the computer. The
hand was touching the zero and his question would have to be worded
very clearly and subject to no misinterpretations. There would be no
follow-up questions permitted.
He began typing:
IT IS DESIRED THAT THIS SHIP EMERGE INTO NORMAL SPACE ONE LIGHT-HOUR
THIS SIDE OF SIRIUS AT 13:53. THIS WILL BE ACCOMPLISHED BY MOVING
THE WARP SHUTTLE TO SUCH A POSITION THAT ITS FOCAL CENTER WILL BE IN
A SPACE WARP POSITION COINCIDING WITH A NORMAL SPACE POSITION ONE
LIGHT-HOUR THIS SIDE OF SIRIUS AT 13:53. CONSIDER ALL FACTORS THAT
MIGHT HAVE AFFECTED THE DIMENSIONS OF THIS SHIP, SUCH AS TEMPERATURE
CHANGES PRODUCED BY OUR NORMAL SPACE ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION,
WHEN COMPUTING THE POSITION OF SIRIUS. THEN DEFINE THAT LOCATION IN
RELATION TO THE STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE ROOM'S INTERIOR. DO THIS
IN SUCH A MANNER THAT PLACING THE SHUTTLE IN THE PROPER POSITION WILL
REQUIRE THE LEAST POSSIBLE AMOUNT OF MEASURING DISTANCES AND ANGLES.
It seemed to take it an unduly long time to answer the question and he
waited restlessly, unpleasantly aware of the hand touching zero and
wondering if the computer's mind was baffled by the question; the mind
that thought best in terms of orderly mathematics and could not know
or care that measurement by protractor and tape would result in a
position fatally far from that described by the neat, rigid figures.
Then the answer appeared, beautifully concise:
POSITION WILL BE IN CORNER OF ROOM, 764.2 CENTIMETERS ABOVE FLOOR
PLATE, 820 CENTIMETERS PERPENDICULAR TO PANEL AA, 652.05 CENTIMETERS
PERPENDICULAR TO PANEL AB.
The computer died with an oddly human sigh. Its last act had been
to give him the location of Sirius in such a manner that he could
accurately position the shuttle's focal ball with the aid of the
precision measuring devices in the ship's repair room.
He went to the shuttle and picked it up in his arms. It was entirely
weightless, and each magnet-clicking step he took toward the bow of the
ship brought Sirius almost half a light-year nearer.
* * * * *
He squinted against the white glare of Sirius in the viewscreen as he
continued his terse report to the _Thunderbolt's_ commander: "I have
about a week's supply of food. How long will it be until you reach me?"
The commander's reply came after the pause caused by the distance
involved:
"We'll be there within three days. Go ahead and eat hearty. But how did
you travel from Earth to Sirius in only two hours? My God, man--what
kind of a drive did that ship have?"
"Why, it didn't have any drive from the start," he said. "To get here
I"--he frowned thoughtfully--"you might say I walked and carried the
ship."
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Brain Teaser, by Tom Godwin
*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRAIN TEASER ***
***** This file should be named 59581.txt or 59581.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
http://www.gutenberg.org/5/9/5/8/59581/
Produced by Greg Weeks, Mary Meehan and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will
be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive
specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this
eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook
for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,
performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given
away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks
not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the
trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the
person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph
1.E.8.
1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the
Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual
works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting
free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily
comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when
you share it without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country outside the United States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear
prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work
on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed,
performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you
are located before using this ebook.
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is
derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works
posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format
other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official
version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain
Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
provided that
* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has
agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation."
* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm
works.
* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
receipt of the work.
* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than
are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The
Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm
trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
without further opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
www.gutenberg.org Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the
mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its
volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous
locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt
Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to
date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and
official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
For additional contact information:
Dr. Gregory B. Newby
Chief Executive and Director
[email protected]
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular
state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works.
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.
Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org
This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
