The Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Species of Frog (Genus Tomodactylus)
from Western Mexico, by Robert G. Webb
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
Title: A New Species of Frog (Genus Tomodactylus) from Western Mexico
Author: Robert G. Webb
Release Date: February 3, 2010 [EBook #31175]
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NEW SPECIES FROG (GENUS TOMODACTYLUS) ***
Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Volume 15, No. 3, pp. 175-181, 1 fig.
March 7, 1962
A New Species of Frog (Genus Tomodactylus)
from Western México
BY
ROBERT G. WEBB
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
LAWRENCE
1962
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch,
Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.
Volume 15, No. 3, pp. 175-181, 1 fig.
Published March 7, 1962
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
Lawrence, Kansas
PRINTED BY
JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER
TOPEKA, KANSAS
1962
29-1923
A New Species of Frog (Genus Tomodactylus)
from Western México.
BY
ROBERT G. WEBB
Thirteen specimens of frogs collected in the summers of 1960 and 1961
in the Mexican states of Durango and Sinaloa represent a heretofore
unnamed species. The specimens have been deposited in the Museum of
Natural History of the University of Kansas (KU) and in the Museum of
Michigan State University (MSU). The species may be named and
described as follows:
Tomodactylus saxatilis new species
_Holotype._--KU 63326 (Fig. 1); obtained eight miles west of
El Palmito, Sinaloa, approximately 6100 feet, on 23 June
1961; original field number, 2354 of Robert G. Webb.
_Paratypes._--A total of 12 specimens: KU 63327-33, same data
as holotype, 23-25 June 1961; MSU 4085-88, two miles north of
Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, approximately 6000 feet elevation, 24
July 1960; MSU 4089, one half mile west of Revolcaderos,
Durango, approximately 6600 feet, 29 July 1961.
_Diagnosis._--A species of _Tomodactylus_ possessing the
following combination of characters: (1) tips of two outer
fingers truncate, about twice width of narrowest part of
digit; (2) tympanum small, less than one half diameter of
eye; (3) ventral surfaces smooth; (4) contrasting marbled
pattern on back and top of head, and (5) venter whitish,
lacking dark marks.
_Description of holotype._--Adult male; snout-vent length,
31.5 (measurements are in millimeters and were taken by means
of dial calipers reading to one tenth of a millimeter); width
of head, 11.2; length of head, 10.3; horizontal diameter of
eye, 3.1, and of tympanum, 1.2; distance from eye to nostril,
3.8; internarial width, 2.9; interorbital width, 4.1; width
of eyelid, 2.5; lumbar gland (left side), 7.0 x 2.6; distance
from axilla to groin, 15.2; tibial length, 12.7; length of
foot, 13.1.
Head slightly wider than body; tip of snout rounded, slightly
truncate; canthus rounded; tympanum small, less than one half
diameter of eye; tympanum having posterior margin
ill-defined, separated from eye by distance about equal to
diameter of tympanum; diameter of eye slightly less than
distance from eye to nostril; width of eyelid about two
thirds interorbital width; paratoid gland indistinct; lumbar
glands high, separated from insertion of leg by about one
millimeter; back and sides of body having low, scarcely
elevated pustules; top of head, limbs and venter smooth; few
low, whitish pustules below and behind tympanum, and low on
sides of body; posterior surface of thighs and anal region
pustulate; one pair of whitish postanal spots; ventral disc
attached near insertion of legs, lacking conspicuous
transverse fold; skin loose on throat, chest and abdomen.
Digits not webbed; tips of two outer fingers truncate, having
terminal transverse grooves, about twice width of narrowest
part of digit; digits of first and second fingers slightly
expanded; fingers from shortest to longest, 1-2-4-3, first
only slightly shorter than second; three palmar tubercles;
inner palmar tubercle about one third size of large median
tubercle; outer tubercle about one tenth size of large median
tubercle; four supernumerary palmar tubercles; tips of toes
slightly wider than narrowest part of digits; toes from
shortest to longest, 1-2-5-3-4, second only slightly shorter
than fifth; inner metatarsal tubercle about four times size
of small outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles
on foot small; no tarsal fold; heels touching when tibiae
adpressed to thighs; tibiotarsal articulation reaching eye
when leg adpressed to side of body.
Contrasting marbled pattern on back and top of head;
contrasting, mostly barred, pattern on limbs; ventral
surfaces whitish, lacking dark marks, but having minute dark
peppering; marbling of dorsal surfaces blackish and whitish
in preservative.
Vomerine teeth lacking; internal choanae lateral, partly
concealed by maxillaries; tongue smooth, elongate, shallowly
notched distally, free for about half its length; vocal sac
median; internal vocal slits large and near angle of jaw.
_Variation._--Twelve males closely resemble the holotype. Two
specimens from Pueblo Nuevo are soft and not well preserved.
The ranges of variation (means in parentheses) for the 13
males comprising the type series are: snout-vent length,
25.5-31.5 (27.9); width of head, 9.7-11.2 (10.5); diameter of
eye, 2.9-3.6 (3.2); horizontal diameter of tympanum, 1.1-1.8
(1.4); length of tibia, 11.1-13.1 (12.1); length of foot,
11.0-13.1 (12.1).
The pale ground color of the marbled pattern in most
specimens is least extensive on the back and arms, but most
extensive on the legs. The lumbar glands are slightly
elevated and conspicuous, and in KU 63328 are extremely
protuberant, or (KU 63330) evident on left side but flattened
and indistinct on right side. The back is rough having low,
scarcely elevated pustules, but becomes less rough anteriorly
and most of the top of head is smooth. The three specimens
from Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, differ slightly from the other
specimens examined in lacking pairs of postanal white spots,
and in having smooth backs (slightly pustulate in MSU 4088).
The tibiotarsal articulation fails to reach the eye in KU
63330. The small inner palmar tubercle is continuous with the
large median tubercle on the right hand of KU 63330, and
lacking on both hands of KU 63329 and on the left hand of KU
63328. The tip of the tongue is entire in some specimens and
in others has an irregular margin.
_Coloration of living specimens._--Marbled pattern on back
and top of head of dark brown to blackish on yellowish-gold;
pattern slightly less contrasting on limbs than on back,
consisting of brown to grayish on pale yellow; side of head
and body grayish sometimes having pale yellow to whitish
spots; iris blackish having fine reticulation of yellowish to
greenish-gold; venter dirty white.
_Habitat._--The three records of occurrence for _Tomodactylus
saxatilis_ are in a mixed boreal-tropical habitat, which is
transitional between a pine-oak forest at higher elevations and a
tropical deciduous forest at lower elevations. The mixed
boreal-tropical habitat is most conspicuous at elevations between
approximately 7800 and 5500 feet on southerly exposed slopes of
barrancas and arroyos of the dissected plateau of the Sierra Madre
Occidental. The mixed boreal-tropical habitat occurs for approximately
30 miles along the paved highway (Mexican Highway 40) between Cd.
Durango, Durango, and Mazatlán, Sinaloa. The records of occurrence in
those states that are along this highway are separated by 14.5 miles
(_via_ road).
[Illustration: FIG. 1. _Tomodactylus saxatilis_ new species,
adult male, KU 63326, holotype (× 2), dorsal view.]
The terrain consists of occasional level areas, but is mostly of steep
hillsides. Dominant trees are large oaks and pines; a characteristic
pine is the sad or drooping-needle pine, locally called "pino triste."
The vegetational cover is usually open, including grasses, small oaks
and pines, broad-leaved shrubs and herbs, prickly pears, magueys,
thorny acacias, bracken fern, and epiphytes in trees. Ferns occur in
moist protected places, and orchids are occasional, sometimes in
trees.
Outcrops of rock, boulder-strewn areas, and occasional rock slides
(talus) also characterize the terrain. _Tomodactylus saxatilis _seems
to be restricted to rocky habitats. The individuals collected were
detected when they called at night from within crevices of rocks or
from exposed perches on rocks and boulders; some calling frogs were
out of reach on steep rock walls. The call is a single, loud, high
peep.
_Comparisons._--Dixon (1957) recognized six species of
_Tomodactylus_ (_nitidus_, _dilatus_, _albolabris_,
_angustidigitorum_, _fuscus_ and _grandis_) in his revision
of the genus. Another species (_rufescens_) was subsequently
described by Duellman and Dixon (1959). _Tomodactylus
saxatilis_ differs from all the species named immediately
above by the combination of characters given in the
diagnosis. _Tomodactylus saxatilis_ differs from _nitidus_,
_angustidigitorum_ and _grandis_ in having the tips of the
two outer fingers widened and truncate; _saxatilis_ differs
from _dilatus_, _albolabris_, _fuscus_ and _rufescens_ in
having a smooth venter (not pustulate), a contrasting pale
and dark marbled pattern on the back, and a lack of "flash"
colors on the femora.
_Tomodactylus saxatilis_, having lumbar glands, also
resembles three species referred to the genus _Syrrhophus_.
_Tomodactylus macrotympanum_ was described by Taylor
(1940:496, 497) as having a large, moderately distinct lumbar
gland; the species was referred to the genus _Syrrhophus_ by
Dixon (_op. cit._:384). According to Firschein (1954:55),
_Syrrhophus smithi_ and _S. petrophilus_ have elongate lumbar
glands shaped like those in _Tomodactylus_. _Tomodactylus
saxatilis_ resembles _macrotympanum_, _smithi_ and
_petrophilus_ more than it does other species; all four
attain large maximal sizes, and have lumbar glands, mostly
smooth ventral surfaces, three palmar tubercles (sometimes
absent in _saxatilis_), and usually contrasting dorsal
patterns (reduced to flecks and spots in all species except
_saxatilis_). _Tomodactylus saxatilis_ differs from
_macrotympanum_ in having an extensive marbled dorsal pattern
and a small tympanum, and differs from _smithi_ and
_petrophilus_ in having a marbled dorsal pattern and the tips
of the outer two fingers widened and truncate. _Tomodactylus
saxatilis_ differs from all other named species of
_Syrrhophus_ in having conspicuous lumbar glands and in
lacking inguinal glands.
_Remarks._--The characteristics delimiting the genera _Tomodactylus_
and _Syrrhophus_ are not agreed upon by all workers (see discussions
by Firschein, 1954:50; Langebartel and Shannon, 1956:164; and Dixon,
1957:383). I have referred _saxatilis_ to the genus _Tomodactylus_ on
the basis of a lumbar gland, which was considered a distinguishing
character for the genus by Smith and Taylor (1948:46) and Langebartel
and Shannon (1956:165). Lumbar glands are longer than broad, at least
one third the distance from axilla to groin, lateral and usually high,
and often conspicuous and protuberant. The elevation or flatness of
the lumbar glands seems to be due to individual variation; living
specimens in the field had conspicuous and protuberant, or
non-elevated, indistinct lumbar glands. Lumbar glands are not to be
confused with inguinal glands, which are roundish, often yellowish,
sometimes diffuse, lateral but low, often inconspicuous, and usually
not protuberant. Inguinal glands occur in the genus _Microbatrachylus_
and in some species of _Eleutherodactylus_, and have been described as
flat, or low, or small, or indistinct for most species of
_Syrrhophus_.
For financial assistance with field work I am grateful to Rollin H.
Baker, and those individuals who administer the Michigan State
University Development Fund and the Bache Fund of the National Academy
of Sciences (Grant No. 463). I am grateful also to J. Keever Greer,
Donald F. Switzenberg, and Rudolph A. Scheibner for aid in the field,
to Edward H. Taylor, James R. Dixon, and William E. Duellman for
profitable discussions, and to Thomas Sweringen for figure 1. The
specific name alludes to the habitat (Latin, _saxatilis_ = found among
rocks).
LITERATURE CITED
DIXON, J. R.
1957. Geographic variation and distribution of the genus
Tomodactylus in Mexico. Texas Journ. Sci., 9(4):379-409,
5 figs., 1 map, December.
DUELLMAN, W. E., and DIXON, J. R.
1959. A new frog of the genus _Tomodactylus_ from Michoacan,
Mexico. Texas Journ. Sci., 11(1):78-82, 1 fig., 1 table,
March.
FIRSCHEIN, I. L.
1954. Definition of some little-understood members of the
leptodactylid genus _Syrrhophus_, with a description of
a new species. Copeia, 1954, 1:48-58, February 19.
LANGEBARTEL, D. A., and SHANNON, F. A.
1956. A new frog (_Syrrhophus_) from the Sinaloan lowlands of
Mexico. Herpetologica, 12(3):163-165, 2 figs., September 1.
SMITH, H. M., and TAYLOR, E. H.
1948. An annotated checklist and key to the Amphibia of Mexico.
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 194, pp. iv + 118.
TAYLOR, E. H.
1940. Herpetological miscellany. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.,
26(15):489-571, 10 pls., 7 figs., November 15.
29-1923
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Species of Frog (Genus
Tomodactylus) from Western Mexico, by Robert G. Webb
*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NEW SPECIES FROG (GENUS TOMODACTYLUS) ***
***** This file should be named 31175-8.txt or 31175-8.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
https://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/1/7/31175/
Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.
Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.
*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
https://gutenberg.org/license).
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that
- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is
owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments
must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg-tm works.
- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
of receipt of the work.
- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at
809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
[email protected]. Email contact links and up to date contact
information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
page at https://pglaf.org
For additional contact information:
Dr. Gregory B. Newby
Chief Executive and Director
[email protected]
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit https://pglaf.org
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
https://www.gutenberg.org
This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
