Project Gutenberg's Remedia A Moris or, The Remedy Of Love, by Ovid
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Title: Remedia A Moris or, The Remedy Of Love
Literally Translated into English Prose, with Copious Notes
Author: Ovid
Translator: Henry T. Riley
Release Date: December 16, 2014 [EBook #47678]
Language: English
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REMEDIA A MORIS;
or,
THE REMEDY OF LOVE.
By Ovid
Literally Translated into English Prose, with Copious Notes, by Henry T. Riley
1885
REMEDIA A MORIS; or, THE REMEDY OF LOVE.
|The God of Love had read the title and the name of this treatise,
when he said, "War, I see, war is being meditated against me." Forbear,
Cupid, to accuse thy Poet of such a crime; me, who so oft have borne
thy standards with thee for my leader. I am no son of Tydeus, wounded by
whom, [1201] thy mother returned into the yielding air with the steeds of
Mars. Other youths full oft grow cool; I have ever loved; and shouldst
thou inquire what I am doing even now, I am still in love. Besides,
I have taught by what arts thou mayst be won; and that which is now a
system, was an impulse before. Neither thee do I betray, sweet Boy, nor
yet my own arts; nor has my more recent Muse unravelled her former work.
If any one loves an object which he delights to love, enraptured, in his
happiness, let him rejoice, and let him sail with prospering gales. But
if any one impatiently endures the sway of some cruel fair, that he
may not be undone, let him experience relief from my skill. Why has
one person, tying up his neck [1202] by the tightened halter, hung, a
sad burden, from the lofty beam? Why, with the hard iron, has another
pierced his own entrails? Lover of peace, thou dost bear the blame
of their deaths. He, who, unless he desists, is about to perish by a
wretched passion, let him desist; and then thou wilt prove the cause of
death to none. Besides, thou art a boy; and it becomes thee not to do
aught but play. Play on; a sportive sway befits thy years. Far thou
mayst use thy arrows, when drawn from the quiver for warfare; but thy
weapons are free from deadly blood.
Let thy stepfather Mars wage war both with the sword and the sharp
lance; and let him go, as victor, blood-stained with plenteous
slaughter. Do thou cherish thy mother's arts, which, in safety, we
pursue; and by the fault of which no parent he comes bereft. Do thou
cause the portals to be burst open in the broils of the night; and
let many a chaplet cover the decorated doors. Cause the youths and the
bashful damsels to meet in secret; and by any contrivance they can, let
them deceive their watchful husbands. And at one moment, let the
lover utter blandishments, at another, rebukes, against the obdurate
door-posts; and, shut out, let him sing some doleful ditty. Contented
with these tears, thou wilt be without the imputation of any death. Thy
torch is not deserving to be applied to the consuming pile.
These words said I. Beauteous Love waved his resplendent wings, and
said to me, "Complete the work that thou dost design." Come, then, ye
deceived youths, for my precepts; ye whom your passion has deceived in
every way. By him, through whom you have learned how to love, learn
how to be cured; for you, the same hand shall cause the wound and the
remedy. The earth nourishes wholesome plants, and the same produces
injurious ones; and full oft is the nettle the neighbour of the rose.
That lance which once made a wound in the enemy, the son of Hercules,
afforded a remedy [1203] for that wound. But whatever is addressed to the
men, believe, ye fair, to be said to you as well; to both sides am I
giving arms. If of these any are not suited to your use, still by
their example they may afford much instruction. My useful purpose is to
extinguish the raging flames, and not to have the mind the slave of its
own imperfections. Phyllis would have survived, if she had employed me
as her teacher; and along that road, by which nine times she went,[1204] she would have gone oftener still. And Dido, dying, would not have
beheld from the summit of her tower the Dardanian ships giving their
sails to the wind.
Grief, too, would not have armed Medea, the mother against her own
offspring; she who took vengeance on her husband, by the shedding of
their united blood. Through my skill, Tereus, although Philomela did
captivate him, would not, through his crimes, have been deserving to
become a bird. [1204]
Give me Pasiphaë for a pupil, at once she shall lay aside her passion
for the bull; give me Phædra, the shocking passion of Phædra shall
depart. Bring Paris back to us; Menelaus shall possess his Helen, and
Pergamus shall not fall, conquered by Grecian hands. If impious Scylla
had read my treatise, the purple lock, Nisus, would have remained
upon thy head. With me for your guide, ye men, repress your pernicious
anxieties; and onward let the bark proceed with the companions, me the
pilot. At the time when you were learning how to love, Naso was to be
studied; now, too, will the same Naso have to be studied by you. An
universal assertor [1206] of liberty, I will relieve the breasts that
are oppressed by their tyrants; do you show favour, each of you, to my
liberating wand. [1207]
Prophetic Phoebus, inventor of song, and of the healing art, I pray that
the laurel may afford me its aid. Do thou shew favour both to the poet
and to the physician; to thy guardianship is either care consigned.
While still you may, and while moderate emotions influence your breast;
if you repent, withhold your footsteps upon the very threshold. Tread
under foot the hurtful seeds of the sudden malady, while they are still
fresh; and let your steed, as he begins to go, refuse to proceed. For
time supplies strength, time thoroughly ripens the young grapes; and it
makes that into vigorous standing corn, which before was only blades
of grass. The tree which affords its extending shade to those who walk
beneath, was but a twig at the time when it was first planted. At that
time, with the hand it could have been rooted from the surface of the
earth; now, increased by its own powers, it is standing upon a large
space. Examine with active perception, what sort of object it is, with
which you are in love; and withdraw your neck from a yoke that is sure
to gall. Resist the first advances; too late is a cure attempted, when
through long hesitation the malady has waxed strong. But hasten, and do
not postpone to a future moment; that which is not agreeable to-day,
will to-morrow be still less so. Every passion is deceiving, and finds
nutriment in delay. Each day's morrow is the best suited for liberty.
You see but few rivers arise from great sources; most of them are
multiplied by a collection of waters. If thou hadst at once perceived
how great a sin thou wast meditating, thou wouldst not, Myrrha, have had
thy features covered with bark. I have seen a wound, which at first
was curable, when neglected receive injury from protracted delay.
But because we are delighted to pluck the flowers of Venus, we are
continually saying, "This will be done to-morrow just as well." In
the meantime, the silent flames are gliding into the entrails; and the
hurtful tree is sending its roots more deep.
But if the time for early aid has now passed by, and an old passion is
seated deeply in your captured breast, a greater labour is provided;
but, because I am called in but late to the sick, he shall not be
deserted by me. With unerring hand the hero, son of Peeas, [1208] ought at
once to have cutout the part in which he was wounded. Still, after many
a year, he is supposed, when cured, to have given a finishing hand to
the warfare. I, who just now was hastening to dispel maladies at their
birth, am now tardy in administering aid to you at a later moment.
Either try, if you can, to extinguish the flames when recent; or when
they have become exhausted by their own efforts. When frenzy is in full
career, yield to frenzy in its career; each impulse presents a difficult
access. The swimmer is a fool, who, when he can cross the stream by
going down with it sideways, struggles to go straight against the tide.
A mind impatient, and not yet manageable by any contrivance, rejects
the words of an adviser, and holds them in contempt. More successfully,
then, shall I attempt it when he shall now allow his wounds to be
touched, and shall be accessible to the words of truthfulness.
Who, but one bereft of understanding, would forbid a mother to weep at
the death of her son? On such an occasion she is not to be counselled.
When she shall have exhausted her tears, and have satisfied her
afflicted feelings; that grief of hers will be capable of being soothed
with words. The healing art is generally a work of opportunity; wine,
administered at the proper time, is beneficial, and administered at an
unsuitable time, is injurious. And, besides, you may inflame maladies
and irritate them by checking them; if you do not combat them at the
fitting moment.' Therefore, when you shall seem to be curable by my
skill, take care, and by my precepts shun the first approaches of
idleness. 'Tis that which makes you love, 'tis that which supports it,
when once it has caused it: that is the cause and the nutriment of the
delightful malady.
If you remove all idleness, the bow of Cupid is broken, and his torch
lies despised and without its light. As much as the plane-tree [1209]
delights in wine, the multitude in the stream, and as much as the reed
of the marsh in a slimy soil, so much does Venus love idleness. You who
seek a termination of your passion, attend to your business; love gives
way before business; then you will be safe. Inactivity, and immoderate
slumbers under no control, gaming too, and the temples aching through
much wine, take away all strength 'from the mind that is free from a
wound. Love glides insidiously upon the unwary. That Boy is wont to
attend upon slothfulness; he hates the busy. Give to the mind that
is unemployed some task with which it may be occupied. There are the
Courts, there are the laws, there are your friends for you to defend.[1210] Go into the ranks [1211] white with the civic gown; or else do
you take up with the youthful duties of bloodstained Mars; soon will
voluptuousness turn its back on you.
Lo! the flying Parthian, [1212] a recent cause for a great triumph, is
now beholding the arms of Caesar on his own plains. Conquer equally the
arrows of Cupid and of the Parthians, and bring back a two-fold trophy
to the Gods of your country. After Venus had once been wounded by the
Ætolian [1213] spear, she entrusted wars to be waged by her lover.
Do you enquire why Ægisthus became an adulterer? The cause is
self-evident; he was an idler. Others were fighting at Ilium, with
slowly prospering arms: the whole of Greece had transported thither her
strength. If he would have given his attention to war, she was nowhere
waging it; [1214] or if to the Courts of law, Argos was free from
litigation. What he could, he did; that he might not be doing nothing,
he fell in love. Thus does that Boy make his approaches, so does that
Boy take up his abode.
The country, too, soothes the feelings, and the pursuits of agriculture:
any anxiety whatever may give way before this employment. Bid the
tamed oxen place their necks beneath their burden, that the crooked
ploughshare may wound the hard ground. Cover the grain of Ceres with
the earth turned up, which the field may restore to you with bounteous
interest. Behold the branches bending beneath the weight of the apples;
how its own tree can hardly support the weight which it has produced.
See the rivulets trickling along with their pleasing murmur; see the
sheep, as they crop the fertile mead. Behold how the she-goats climb
the rocks, and the steep crags; soon will they be bringing back their
distended udders for their kids. The shepherd is tuning his song on the
unequal reeds; the dogs, too, a watchful throng, are not far off. In
another direction the lofty woods are resounding with lowings; and the
dam is complaining that her calf is missing. Why name the time when
the swarms fly from the yew trees, [1215] placed beneath them, that the
honey-combs removed may relieve the bending osiers [1216] of their weight?
Autumn affords its fruit; summer is beauteous with its harvests; spring
produces flowers; winter is made cheerful by the fire. At stated periods
the rustic pulls the ripened grape, and beneath his naked foot the juice
flows out; at stated periods he binds up the dried hay, and clears the
mowed ground with the wide toothed rake.
You yourself may set the plant in the watered garden; you yourself may
form the channels for the trickling stream. The grafting [1217] is now
come; make branch adopt branch, and let one tree stand covered with the
foliage of another. When once these delights have begun to soothe your
mind, Love, robbed of his power, departs with flagging wings.
Or do you follow the pursuit of hunting. Full oft has Venus, overcome by
the sister of Phoebus, retreated in disgrace. Now follow the fleet
hare with the quick-scented hound; now stretch your toils on the shady
mountain ridge. Or else, alarm the timid deer with the variegated
feather-foils; or let the boar fall, transfixed by the hostile spear.
Fatigued, at night sleep takes possession of you, not thoughts of
the fair; and with profound rest it refreshes the limbs. 'Tis a more
tranquil pursuit, still it is a pursuit, on catching the bird, to win
the humble prize, either with the net or with the bird-limed twigs; or
else, to hide the crooked hooks of brass in morsels at the end, which
the greedy fish may, to its destruction, swallow with its ravenous jaws.
Either by these, or by other pursuits, must you by stealth be beguiled
by yourself, until you shall have learnt how to cease to love.
Only do you go, although you shall be detained by strong ties, go far
away, and commence your progress upon a distant journey. You will weep
when the name of your forsaken mistress shall recur to you: and many
a time will your foot linger in the middle of your path. But the less
willing you shall be to go, remember the more surely to go; persist;
and compel your feet to hasten, however unwillingly. And don't you fear
showers; nor let the Sabbaths [1218] of the stranger detain you; nor yet
the Allia, [1219] so well known for its disasters. And don't enquire how
many miles you have travelled, but how many are yet remaining for you;
and invent no excuses, that you may remain near at hand. Neither do you
count the hours, nor oft look back on Rome: but fly; still is [1220] the
Parthian secure in flight from his foe.
Some one may style my precepts harsh: I confess that they are harsh;
but that you may recover, you will have to endure much that is to be
lamented. Full oft, when ill, I have drunk of bitter potions, though
reluctantly; and when I entreated for it, food has been refused me.
To cure your body, you will have to endure iron and fire; and though
thirsty, you will not refresh your parched lips with water. That you may
be healed in spirit, will you refuse to submit to anything? Inasmuch
as that part is ever of greater value than the body. But still, most
difficult is the access to my art; and the one labour is how to endure
the first moments of separation. Do you perceive how the yoke, at first,
galls the oxen when caught? how the new girth hurts the flying steed?
Perhaps you will be loth to depart from your paternal home. But still
you will depart; then you will be longing to return. No paternal home,
but [1221] the love of your mistress, cloaking its own faultiness by
specious words, will be calling you back. When once you have gone,
the country, and your companions, and the long journey will afford
a thousand solaces for your sorrow. And do not think it is enough to
depart; be absent for a long time, until the flame has lost its power
and the ashes are without their fire. If you shall hasten to return,
except with your judgment strengthened, rebellious Love will be wielding
his cruel arms against you. Suppose that, although you shall have
absented yourself, you return both hungry and thirsty; will not all this
delay even act to your detriment?
If any one supposes that the noxious herbs of the Hæmonian lands and
magic arts can be of avail, let him see to it. That is the old-fashioned
method of sorcery; my Apollo, in his hallowed lines, is pointing out
an innoxious art. Under my guidance, no ghost shall be summoned to come
forth [1222] from the tomb; no hag with her disgusting spells shall cleave
the ground. No crops of corn shall remove from one field into another;
nor shall the disk of Phoebus suddenly be pale. Tiberinus [1223] shall
flow into the waves of the ocean just as he is wont; just as she is
wont, shall the Moon be borne by her snow-White steeds. No breasts shall
lay aside their cares dispelled by enchantments; vanquished by virgin
sulphur, [1224] love shall not take to flight.
Colchian damsel, what did the herbs of the Phasian land avail thee, when
thou didst desire to remain in thy native home? Of what use, Circe, were
the herbs of thy mother Persia to thee, when the favouring breeze bore
away the barks of Neritos? [1225] Every thing didst thou do that thy
crafty guest might not depart; still did he give his filled sails to an
assured flight.. Every thing didst thou do that the fierce flames might
not consume thee; still a lasting passion settled deep in thy reluctant
breast. Thou, who wast able to change men into a thousand shapes, wast
not able to change the bent of thy own inclination. Thou art said to
have detained the Lulicillan chief, [1226] when now he wished to depart,
even in these words:
"I do not now entreat that which, as I remember, I was at first wont to
hope for, that thou shouldst consent to be my husband. And still, I
did seem worthy to be thy wife, since I was a Goddess, since I was the
daughter of the Sun. Hasten not away, I entreat thee; a little delay, as
a favour, do I ask. What less can he prayed for by my entreaties? Thou
seest, too, that the seas are troubled; and of them thou oughtst to
stand in dread. Before long, the winds will be more favourable to thy
sails. What is the cause of thy flight? No Troy is rising here anew; no
fresh Rhesus is calling his companions to arms. Here love abides, here
peace exists; during which I alone am fatally wounded; the whole, too,
of my realms shall be under thy sway."
She thus spoke; Ulysses unmoored his bark; the South winds bore away her
unavailing words together with his sails. Circe was inflamed, and had
recourse to her wonted arts; and still by them her passion was not
diminished.
Come, then, whoever you are, that require aid from my skill, away with
all belief in spells and charms. If some weighty reason shall detain you
in the City mistress of the world, hear what is my advice in the City.
He is the best assertor of his liberties who bursts the chains that gall
his breast, and once for all ceases to grieve. If any one has so much
courage, even I myself will admire him, and I shall say, "This man
stands in no need of my admonitions." You who with difficulty are
learning how not to love the object which you love; who are not able,
and still would wish to be able, will require to be instructed by me.
Full oft recall to your remembrance the deeds of the perfidious fair
one, and place all your losses before your eyes.' Say, "This thing and
that of mine does she keep; and not content with that spoliation, she
has put up for sale [1227] my paternal home. Thus did she swear to me;
thus having sworn, did she deceive me. How oft has she suffered me to
be before her doors! She herself loves other men; by me she loathes to
be loved. Some hawker, [1228] alas! enjoys those nights which she grants
not to myself."
Let all these points ferment throughout your entire feelings; repeat
them over and over hence seek the first germs of your hate. And would
that you could be even eloquent upon them! Do' you only grieve; of
your own accord you will be fluent. My attentions were lately paid to a
certain fair one; to my passion she was not favourably disposed. Sick,
like Podalirius, [1229] I cured myself with the proper herbs, and (I
confess it) though a physician, to my shame, I was sick. It did me good
to be ever dwelling upon the failings of my mistress; and that, when
done, often proved wholesome for me. "How ill formed," I used to say,
"are the legs of my mistress!" and yet, to confess the truth, they were
not. "How far from beautiful are the arms of my mistress!" and yet, to
confess the truth, they were. "How short she is!" and yet she was not;
"How much does she beg of her lover?" From that arose the greatest cause
of my hatred.
There are good qualities, too, near akin to bad ones; by reason of
confounding one for the other, [1230] a virtue has often borne the blame
for a vice. So far as you can, depreciate the endowments of the fair
one, and impose upon your own judgment by the narrow line that separates
good from bad. If she is embonpoint, let her be called flabby, if she is
swarthy, black. Leanness may be charged against her slender form. She,
too, who is not coy may be pronounced bold; and if she is discreet,
she may be pronounced a prude. Besides, in whatever accomplishment your
mistress is deficient, ever be entreating her, in complimentary accents,
to turn her attention to the same. If any damsel is without a voice,
request her to sing; if any fair one does not know how to move her hands [1231] with gracefulness, make her dance. Is she imeouth in her language,
make her talk frequently to you; has she not learnt how to touch the
strings, call for the lyre.
Does she walk heavily, make her walk; does a swelling bosom cover all
her breast, let no stomacher [1232] conceal it. If her teeth are bad, tell
her something for her to laugh at: is she tender-eyed, relate something
for her to weep at.
It will be of use, too, for you, early in the morning suddenly, to turn
your hasty steps towards your mistress, when she has dressed for no one.
By dress are we enchanted; by gems and gold all things are concealed;
the fair one herself is but a very trifling part of herself. Often, amid
objects so many, you may inquire what it is that you love. By this Ægis [1233] does Love, amid his riches, deceive the eye. Come unexpectedly; in
safety to yourself you will find her unarmed; to her misfortune, through
her own failings will she fall. Still, it is not safe to trust too
much to this precept, for without the resources of art a graceful form
captivates many. At the moment, too, when she shall be smearing her
face with the cosmetics laid on it, you may come in the presence of your
mistress, and don't let shame prevent you. You will find there boxes,
and a thousand colours of objects; and you will see cesypum, the
ointment of the fleece, [1234] trickling down and flowing upon her heated
bosom. These drugs, Phineus, smell like thy tables; [1235] not once only
has sickness been caused by this to my stomach.
Now will I disclose to you, what should be done in the moments of your
transport; from every quarter must love be put to flight. Many of them,
indeed, I am ashamed to mention; but do you conceive in your imagination
even more than lies in my words. For, of late, certain persons have been
blaming my treatises, in the opinion of whom my Muse is wanton. If I
only please, and so long as I am celebrated all the world over, let this
person or that attack my work just as he likes. Envy detracts from the
genius of mighty Homer; whoever thou art, from him, Zoilus, [1236] dost
thou derive thy fame.
Sacrilegious hands have also mangled thy poems, [1237] thou, under whose
guidance Troy brought hither her conquered Divinities. Envy takes a
lofty flight; on high the breezes sweep along; the lightnings hurled by
the right hand of Jove take a lofty range.
But you, whoever you are, whom my freedom offends, require, if you are
wise, each subject for its proper numbers. [1238] Bold warfare delights
to be related in the Mæonian measure. What place can there be there for
_gentle_ dalliance? The Tragedians speak in lofty tones; anger befits
the buskin of Tragedy; the sock _of Comedy_ [1239] must be furnished from
the manners of every-day life. The free Iambic measure may be launched
against the hostile foe; whether it be rapid, or whether it drag on its
foot [1240] at its close. Soft Elegy should sing of the Loves with their
quivers, and the sprightly mistress ought to sport according to her
own inclination. Achilles is not to be celebrated in the numbers of
Callimachus; Cydippe [1241] belongs not, Homer, to thy song. Who could
endure Thais performing the part of Andromache? [1242] If any one were
to act Thais in the tones of Andromache, he would be making a mistake.
Thais belongs to my purse; licence unrestrained belongs to me. Nought
have I to do with the fillet _of chastity_; Thais belongs to my pursuit.
If my Muse is befitting a sportive subject, I have conquered, and on a
false charge she has been accused.
Burst thyself, gnawing Envy; now have I gained great fame;'twill be
still greater, let it only proceed with the steps with which it has
commenced. But you are making too great haste; let me only live, you
shall have more to complain of; my intentions, too, embrace full many a
poem. For it gives me delight, and my zeal increases with my eagerness
for fame; at the beginning of the ascent only is my steed now panting.
Elegy acknowledges that to me she is as much indebted as is the noble
Epic [1243] to Virgil.
Thus far do I give an answer to Envy; tighten the reins with more
vigour, and speed onward, Poet, in thy circle.=
```Ergo ubi concubitus, et opus juvenile petetur;
````Et prope promissæ tempora noctis erunt;
```Gaudia ne dominæ, pleno si pectore sûmes,
````Te capiant: ineas quamlibet ante velim.
```Quamlibet invenias, in qua tibi prima voluptas
````Desinat: a primâ proxima segnis erit.
```Sustentata Venus gratissima: frigore soles,
````Sole juvant umbræ: grata fit unda siti.
```Et pu`det, et dicam, Venerem quoque junge figurâ,
````Quâ minime jungi quamque decere putes.=
And 'tis no hard matter to do this; few women confess the truth to
themselves; and there is no point in which they think that they are
unbecoming. Then, too, I recommend you to open all the windows, and to
remark in full daylight the limbs that are unsightly. But as soon as
your transports have come to a termination, and the body with the mind
lies entirely exhausted; while you are feeling regret, and wishing that
you had formed a connexion with no female, and are seeming to yourself
that for a long time you will have nothing to do with another; then note
in your memory whatever blemishes there are in her person; and keep your
eyes always fixed upon her faulty points.
Perhaps some one will pronounce these matters trivial (for indeed they
are so); but things which, singly, are of no avail, when united are of
benefit. The little viper kills with its sting the bulky bull; by the
dog that is not large, full oft is the boar held fast. Do you only fight
with a number of them, and unite my precepts together; from so many
there will be a large amount. But since there are so many ways and
attitudes, every point is not to be yielded to my recommendations.
Perhaps, in the opinion of another, that will be a fault, by the doing
of which your feelings may not be hurt. Because this person, perchance,
has seen the charms of the naked person exposed, his passion, which was
in mid career, stops short: another, when his mistress has received him,
has been shocked at some sight which creates disgust.
Alas! if these things could influence you, you are trifling; torches
but luke-warm have been influencing your breast. That Boy would more
strongly draw his bended bow: you, ye wounded throng, will need more
a substantial aid. What think you of the man who lies concealed, and
beholds sights that usage itself forbids him to see? May the Gods forbid
that I should advise any one to adopt such a course! Though it should
prove of use, still it should not be tried.
I advise you, also, to have two mistresses at the same time. If a person
can have still more, he is more secure. When the feelings, sundered into
two parts, are wavering in each direction, the one passion diminishes
the strength of the other. By many streamlets are great rivers lessened,
and the exhausted flame, the fuel withdrawn, goes out. But one anchor
does not sufficiently hold the waxed ships; a single hook is not enough
for the flowing stream. He who beforehand has provided for himself a
twofold solace, has already proved the victor in the lofty citadel.
But, by you, who, to your misfortune, have devoted yourself to but one
mistress, now, at all events, a new passion must be sought. For Procris [1244] did Minos abandon his flame for Pasiphaë; overcome by the wife from
Ida, [1245] the first wife gave way. Calirrhoë, received to a share of his
couch, caused the brother of [1246] Amphilochus not always to be in love with
the daughter of Phegeus. Oeuone, too, would have retained Paris to her
latest years, if she had not been supplanted by her Aebalian rival.
The beauty of his wife would have pleased the Odrysian [1247] tyrant, but
superior were the charms of her imprisoned sister.
Why occupy myself with illustrations, the number of which exhausts me?
Every passion is conquered by a fresh successor. With greater fortitude
does a mother regret one out of many, than she who, [1248] weeping,
exclaims: "Thou wast my only one." But lest, perchance, you should
suppose that I am framing new laws for you, (and would that the glory of
the discovery were my own!) the son of Atreus perceived this; for what
could he not see, under whose command was the whole of Greece? He,
victorious, loved Chryseis, captured by his own arms; but her aged
parent foolishly went crying in every direction. Why dost thou weep,
troublesome old man? They are well suited for each other. By thy
affection, foolish man, thou art doing an injury to thy child. After
Calchas, secure under the protection of Achilles, had ordered [1249] her
to be restored, and she was received back to the house of her father:
"There is," said the son of Atreus, "another fair one very closely
resembling her beauty; and if the first syllable [1250] would allow of it,
the name would, be the same; Achilles, if he were wise, would give her
up to me of his own accord; if not, he will experience my might. But if
any one of you, ye Greeks, disapproves of this deed;'tis something to
wield the sceptre with a powerful hand. For if I am your king, and if
she does not pass her nights with me, then let Thersites succeed to my
sway." Thus he said; and he had her as his great consolation for her
predecessor; and the first passion was entombed in a new passion. By the
example, then, of Agamemnon, admit a fresh flame, that your love may be
severed in two directions. If you inquire where you are to find them?
Go and read through my treatises on the art of Love; then may your bark
speed on, well freighted with the fair.
But if my precepts are of any avail, if by my lips Apollo teaches aught
that is advantageous to mortals; although, to your misfortune, you
should be burning in the midst of Ætna, take care to appear to your
mistress more cold than ice. Pretend, too, that you are unhurt; if,
perchance, you should grieve at all, let her not perceive it; and laugh
when, within yourself, you could have wept. I do not bid you to sever
your passion in the very midst; the laws of my sway are not so harsh as
that. Pretend to be that which you are not, and feign that your ardour
is renounced; so, in reality, you will become what you are practising to
be. Often, that I might not drink, I have wished to appear asleep; [1251]
while I have so seemed, I have surrendered my conquered eyes to slumber.
I have laughed at his being deceived, who was pretending that he was in
love; and the fowler has fallen into his own nets.
Through habit does love enter the mind; through habit is it forgotten.
He who will, be able to pretend that he is unhurt, will be unhurt. Does
she tell you to come on a night appointed, do you come. Should you come,
and the gate be closed; put up with it. Neither utter blandishments,
nor yet utter reproaches against the door-post, and do not lay down your
sides upon the hard threshold. The next morning comes; let your words be
without complaints, and bear no signs of grief upon your features. She
will soon lay aside her haughtiness, when she shall see you growing
cool: this advantage, too, will you be gaining from my skill. And yet
do you deceive yourself as well, and let not this [1252] be the end of your
love. Full oft does the horse struggle against the reins when presented.
Let your object lie concealed; that will come to pass which you shall
not avow. The nets that are too easily seen, the bird avoids.
Let her not congratulate herself so much that she can hold you in
contempt; take courage, that to your courage she may yield. Her door is
open, perchance; though she should call you back, do you go out. A night
is named; doubt whether you can come on the night appointed.'Tis an easy
thing to be able to endure this; unless you are deficient in wisdom, you
may more readily derive amusement from one more condescending. And
can any person call my precepts harsh? Why, I am acting the part of a
reconciler even. For as some dispositions vary, I am varying my precepts
as well. There are a thousand forms of the malady; a thousand forms of
cure will there be. Some bodies are with difficulty healed by the sharp
iron: potions and herbs have proved an aid to many. You are too weak,
and cannot go away, and are held in bonds, and cruel Love is treading
your neck beneath his foot. Cease your struggling; let the winds bring
back your sails; and whither the tide calls you, thither let your oars
proceed.
That thirst, parched by which you are perishing, must be satisfied by
you; I permit it; now may you drink in the midst of the stream. But
drink even more than what your appetite requires; make the water you
have swallowed flow back from your filled throat. Always enjoy the
company of your mistress, no one preventing it; let her occupy your
nights, her your days. Make satiety your object; satiety puts an end to
evils even. And even now, when you think you can do without her, do
you remain with her. Until you have fully cloyed yourself, and satiety
removes your passion, let it not please you to move from the house you
loathe. That love, too, which distrust nurtures, is of long endurance;
should you wish to lay this aside, lay aside your apprehensions. Who
fears that she may not be his own, and that some one may rob him of her,
that person will be hardly curable with the skill of Machaon. Of two
sons, a mother generally loves him the most, for whose return she feels
apprehensions, because he is bearing arms.
There is, near the Collinian [1253] gate, a venerable temple; the lofty
Ervx gave this temple its name. There, is Lethæan Love, who heals the
mind; and in cold water does he place his torches. There, too, in their
prayers, do the youths pray for forgetfulness; and any fair one, if she
has been smitten by an obdurate man. He thus said to me; (I am in doubt
whether it was the real Cupid, or whether a vision; but I think it was a
vision.)
"O Naso, thou who dost sometimes cause, sometimes relieve, the passion
full of anxiety, add this to thy precepts as well. Let each person
recall to mind his own mishaps; let him dismiss love; to all has the
Deity assigned more or less of woes. He that stands in awe of the Puteal [1244] and of Janus, [1245] and of the Calends swiftly coming, let the
borrowed sum of money be his torment. He whose father is harsh, though
other things should prove to his wish, before his eyes must his harsh
father be placed. Another one is living wretchedly with a wife poorly
dowried, let him think that his wife is an obstacle to his fortune. You
have a vineyard, on a generous soil, fruitful in choice grapes; be in
dread lest the shooting grape should be blighted. Another has à ship
on its return home; [1246] let him be always thinking that the sea is
boisterous, and that the sea-shore is polluted by his losses. Let a son
in service [1247] be the torment of one, a marriageable daughter of yourself.
And who is there that has not a thousand causes for anxiety? That,
Paris, thou mightst hate thine own _cause of sorrow_, thou oughtst to
have placed the deaths of thy brothers before thine eyes."
Still more was he saying, when the childish form deserted my placid
slumber, if slumber only it was. What am I to do? In the midst of the
waves Palinurus [1258] deserts my bark; I am forced to enter on an unknown
track. Whoever you are that love, avoid solitary spots; solitary spots
are injurious. Whither are you flying? In the throng you may be in
greater safety. You have no need of lonely places (lonesome spots
increase the frenzy); the multitude will bring you aid. You will be
sad, if you are alone; and before your eyes will stand the form of your
forsaken mistress, as though her own self. For this reason is the
night more melancholy than the hours of sunshine; the throng of your
companions is then wanting to moderate your affliction.
And fly not from conversation, nor let your door be closed; and do not,
in tears, hide your countenance in the shade. Always have a Pylades
to console his Orestes; this, too, will prove no slight advantage in
friendship. What but the solitary woods injured Phyllis? The cause of
her death is well known; she was without a companion. She was going,
just as the barbarous multitude celebrating the triennial [1259] sacrifice
to the Edonian [1260] Bacchus, is wont to go, with dishevelled locks. And
at one time, as far as she could, she looked out upon the wide ocean;
at another, in her weariness, she lay her down upon the sandy shore.
"Perfidious Demophoon!" she cried aloud to the deaf waves; and her
words, as she grieved, were interrupted by sobs. There was a narrow
path, a little darkened by the long shadows, along which, full oft, did
she turn her steps towards the sea. Her ninth journey was being paced
by her in her wretchedness. "See thou to this," says she; and, turning
pale, she eyes her girdle. She looks, too, on the boughs; she hesitates,
and she recoils at that which she dares to do; and she shudders, and
then she raises her fingers to her throat.
Sithonian damsel, I would that, then, at least, thou hadst not been
alone; ye woods, your foliage lost, [1261] you would not then have
lamented Phyllis. Ye men that are offended by your mistresses, ye fair
that are affronted by the men, from the example of Phyllis, shun too
lonesome spots. A youth had done whatever my Muse recommended him,
and was almost in the haven of his safety. When he came amid the eager
lovers, he relapsed, and Love resumed the weapons which he had laid
aside. If any one of you is loving, and does not wish to do so; do you
take care, and avoid the contagion. This is often wont to injure
the herds as well. While the eyes are looking on the wounded, they
themselves are also wounded; many things, too, injure the body by
infection. Sometimes water flows from a river that runs near into a spot
parched with its dry clods. Love flows on concealedly, if you do not
withdraw from him who loves; and we are all of us a set clever at
running that risk.
A second one had now been healed; his nearness to her affected him.
He proved unable to endure meeting with his mistress. The scar, not
sufficiently closed, changed again into the former wound; and my
skill met with no success. The fire next door is guarded against with
difficulty;'tis prudent to keep away from the neighbouring haunts. Let
not that Portico which is wont to receive her as she walks, receive you
as well; and let not the same attentions now be paid. Of what use is it
to rekindle the feelings, that have cooled, by my advice? Another region
must be resorted to, if you can do so. When hungry, you will not
be easily restrained, the table being laid; the gushing water, too,
provokes excessive thirst.'Tis no easy matter to hold back the bull when
he sees the heifer; on seeing the mare, the high-mettled steed is always
neighing after her.
When this you have done, when at last you reach the shore, 'tis not
enough for you to have abandoned her. Both her sister and her mother
must bid you farewell, her nurse, too, her confidant, and whatever other
connexion there shall be of your mistress. And let no servant come; and
let no little handmaid, feigning to weep, say to you in the name of her
mistress, "Hail!" [1262] Nor yet, though you should desire to know, should
you ask how she is doing. Defer it; the restraint of the tongue will be
to its own advantage.
You, too, who are telling the cause of your liason being discontinued,
and are relating many things to be complained of about your mistress;
forbear to complain; so, by being silent, you will be taking a better
revenge; until she shall vanish from your regrets. And I would rather
that you were silent, than that you should talk about having cut her.
The man who is too often saying to many a one, "I love her not," is
still in love. But with greater certainty is the flame extinguished by
degrees, than all of a sudden; cease gradually, and you will be safe.
The torrent is wont to run with greater violence than the uninterrupted
river; but yet the one is a short-lived, the other a lasting, stream.
Let love escape you, and let it depart vanishing into thin air, and let
it die out by degrees imperceptible.
But 'tis a crime to hate the fair one so lately loved; such a termination
as that is befitting a brutal disposition.'Tis enough not to care for
her; he who terminates his love with hate, either still loves on, or
with difficulty will cease to be wretched. 'Tis a shocking thing for a
man and a woman so lately united to be enemies at once; the Appian [1263]
Goddess herself would not approve of such quarrels as those. Full oft do
men accuse their mistresses, and still they love them: where no discord
arises, Love released, through advice, betakes himself away.
By chance I was in the company [1264] of a young man; a litter contained
his mistress; all his expressions were shocking from his frightful
threats; and now, about to cite her at law, he said, "Let her come out
of the litter!" She did come out; on seeing his mistress, he was dumb.
His hands both fell, and his two tablets from out of his hands. He
rushed into her em braces; and "thus," said he, "do you prove the
conqueror.'
'Tis more safe, and more becoming, to depart in peace, than from the
chamber to repair to the litigious Courts. The presents which you have
given her, request her to keep without litigation; trivial losses
are wont to be of great benefit. But if any accident should bring you
together, keep those arms of defence which I am giving, firmly fixed
in your mind. Then, there is need of arms; here, most valorous man, use
your energies. By your weapon must Penthesilea be overcome. Now let the
rival, now the obdurate threshold, when you were her lover, recur to
you; now your words uttered in vain in presence of the Gods. Neither
arrange your hair, because you are about to approach her; nor let your
robe be seen with loose folds [1265] upon the bosom. Have no care to
be pleasing to the alienated fair one; now make her to be one of the
multitude so far as you are concerned.
But I will tell what especially stands in the way of my endeavours;
his own example instructing each individual. We cease to love by slow
degrees, because we hope to be loved ourselves; and while each one is
satisfying himself, we are ever a credulous set. But do you believe
that, in her oaths, neither words (for what is there more deceptive than
them?) nor the immortal Deities have any weight. Take care, too, not to
be moved by the tears of the fair; they have instructed their eyes how
to weep. By arts innumerable are the feelings of lovers laid siege to;
just as the rock that is beaten on every side by the waves of the sea.
And do not disclose the reasons why you would prefer a separation, nor
tell her what you take amiss; still, to yourself, ever grieve on.
And don't recount her failings, lest she should extenuate them. You
yourself will prove indulgent; so that her cause will prove better than
your own cause. He that is silent, is strong in his resolution; he that
utters many reproaches to the fair one, asks for himself to be satisfied
by her justification. I would not venture, [1266] after the example of him
of Dulichium, to dip the vengeful arrows, nor the glowing torches, in
the stream; I shall not clip the empurpled wings of the Boy, the God of
Love; nor through my skill shall his hallowed bow be unstrung. 'Tis in
accordance with prudence, whatever I sing. Give heed to me as I sing;
and Phoebus, giver of health, as thou art wont, be thou propitious to my
attempts.
Phoebus is propitious; his lyre sounds; his quiver resounds. By his
signs do I recognize the God; Phoebus is propitious. Compare the fleece
that has been dyed in the cauldrons of Amyclæ [1267] with the Tyrian
purple; the former will be but dull. Do you, too, compare your charmers
with the beauteous fair; each one will begin to be ashamed of his own
mistress. Both Juno and Pallas may have seemed beauteous to Paris:
but Venus surpassed them both when compared with herself. And not the
appearance only; compare the manners and the accomplishments as well;
only let not your passion prejudice your judgment.
What I shall henceforth sing is but trifling; but trifling as it is, it
has proved of service to many; among whom I myself was one. Take care
not to read over again the letters that you have kept of the
caressing fair one: letters, when read over again, shake even a firm
determination. Put the whole of them (though unwillingly you should put
them) into the devouring flames; and say, "May this prove the funeral
pile of my passion." The daughter of Thestius [1268] burned her son
Meleager afar off by means of the billet. Will you, with hesitation,
commit the words of perfidy to the flames? If you can, remove her waxen
portrait [1269] as well. Why be moved by a dumb likeness? By this means
was Laodamia undone. Many localities, too, have bad effects: fly from
the spots that were conscious of your embraces; a thousand grounds for
sorrow do they contain. Here she has been; here she has laid; in that
chamber have we slept; here, in the voluptuous night, has she yielded to
me her embraces.
By recollection, love is excited afresh, and the wound renewed is
opened; a trifling cause is injurious to the sickly. As, if you were to
touch ashes almost cold with sulphur, they would rekindle, and, from
a small one, a very great fire would be produced; so, unless you avoid
whatever renews love, the flame will be kindled afresh, which just now
was not existing. The Argive ships would fain have fled from Caphareus, [1270] and from thee, old man, that didst avenge thy woes with the flames.
The daughter of Nisus [1271] past by, the cautious mariner rejoices. Do
you avoid the spots which have proved too delightful for you. Let these
be your Syrtes; avoid these as your Acroceraunia; [1272] here does the
ruthless Charybdis vomit forth and swallow down the waves. Some things
there are which cannot be recommended at the bidding of any one; still,
the same, if happening by chance, are often wont to be of service.
Had Phædra lost her wealth, thou wouldst, Neptune, have spared thy
descendant; [1273] nor would the bull, sent by his ancestor, have startled
the steeds. Had you made the Gnossian [1274] damsel poor, she would have
loved with prudence. Voluptuous passion is nourished by opulence. Why
was there no one to court Hecale, [1275] no one to court Iras? [1276] It was
because the one was in want, the other a pauper. Poverty has nothing by
which to pamper its passion; still, this is not of so much consequence,
that you should desire to be poor.
But let it be of so much consequence to you, as not to be indulging
yourself with the Theatres, until Love has entirely departed from your
liberated breast. The harps, and the pipes, and the lyres, soften the
feelings; the voices, too, and the arms, moved to their proper time.
There, everlastingly, the parts of supposed lovers are being acted [1277]
in the dance; by his skill, the actor teaches you what to avoid, and
what is serviceable. Unwillingly must I say it: meddle not with the
amorous Poets; unnaturally do I myself withhold my own productions.
Avoid Callimachus; no enemy is he to Love; and together with
Callimachus, thou, too, bard of Cos, [1278] art injurious. Beyond a doubt,
Sappho has rendered me more lenient to my mistress; and the Teian Muse
has imparted manners far from austere. Who can read in safety the lines
of Tibullus, or thine, thou, whose sole subject Cynthia was? Who, after
reading Gallus, could retire with obdurate feelings? Even my own lines
have tones indescribably sweet.
Unless Apollo, the inspirer of my work, is deceiving his bard, a rival
is the especial cause of our torments. But do you refrain from conjuring
up to yourself any rival; and believe that she lies alone upon her
couch. Orestes loved Hermione [1279] more intensely for that very reason;
because she had begun to belong to another man. Why, Menelaiis, dost
thou grieve? Without thy wife thou didst go to Crete; and thou couldst,
at thy ease, be absent from thy spouse. Soon as Paris has carried her
off, then at last thou couldst not do without thy wife; through the
passion of another was thine own increased. This, too, did Achilles
lament, in the case of the daughter of Brises, when taken away from him,
that she was administering to the pleasures of the couch of the son
of Plisthenes. [1280] And not without reason, [1281] believe me, did he
lament. The son of Atreus did that, which if he had not done, he would
have been disgracefully torpid. At least, I should have done so, and 1
am not any wiser than he. That was the especial reward for the ill-will
he got. For, inasmuch as he swore by his sceptre, that the daughter of
Brises had never been touched by him; 'tis clear that he did not think [1282] his sceptre was the Gods.
May the Deities grant that you may be able to pass the threshold of
the mistress that you have forsaken; and that your feet may aid your
determination. And you will be able; do you only wish to adhere to your
purpose. Now it is necessary to go with boldness, now to put spur to the
swift steed. Believe that in that cave are the Lotophagi, [1283] in that
the Syrens; add sail to your oars. The man, too, who being your rival,
you formerly took it amiss; I would have you cease to hold him in the
place of an enemy. But, at least, though the hatred should still exist,
salute him. When now you shall be able to embrace him, you will be
cured.
That I may perform all the duties of a physician, behold! I will tell
you what food to avoid, or what to adopt. The Bauman [1284] onions, or
those sent you from the Libyan shores, or whether those that come from
Megara, [1285] will all prove injurious. And 'tis no less proper to avoid
the lustful rocket, and whatever else provokes our bodies to lust.
To more advantage may you use rue that sharpens the sight, [1286] and
whatever guards our bodies against lust. Do you enquire what I would
advise you about the gifts of Bacchus? You will be satisfied thereon by
my precepts sooner than you expect. Wine incites the feelings to lust,
unless you take it in great quantities, and, drenched with much liquor,
your senses become stupefied. By wind is fire kindled, by wind is it
extinguished. A gentle breeze nourishes flame, a stronger one puts it
out. Either let there be no drunkenness, or to so great an extent as
to remove your anxieties; if there is any medium between the two, it is
injurious.
This work have I completed; present the garlands to my wearied bark. I
have reached the harbour, whither my course was directed. Both
females and males, healed by my lays, to the Poet ere long will you be
fulfilling your duteous vows.
FOOTNOTES
[Footnote 1201: Wounded by whom.--Ver. 5. He alludes to the wound
received by Venus from Diomedes, the son of Tydeus.]
[Footnote 1202: Tying up his neck.--Ver. 17. He probably alludes to the
unfortunate end of the passion of Iphis for Anaxarete, which is related
at the close of the Fourteenth Book of the Metamorphoses.]
[Footnote 1203: A remedy.--Ver. 47. Telephus, the son of Hercules and
Autre, having been wounded by the spear of Achilles, was cured by the
application of the rust of the same weapon.]
[Footnote 1204: Nine times she went.--Ver. 56. See the Epistle of
Phyllis to Demophoa.]
[Footnote 1205: Become a bird.--Ver. 62. See the Metamorphoses, Book
vi.]
[Footnote 1206: Assertor.--Ver. 73. This word was properly applied to
one who laid his hands on a slave, and asserted his freedom. By the
Laws of the 'Twelve Tables,' he was required to give security for his
appearance in an action by the master of the slave, to the amount of
fifty 'asses,' and no more.]
[Footnote 1207: Liberating wand.--Ver. 74. See the Last Book, 1. 615 and
the Note.]
[Footnote 1208: Son of Poeas.--Ver. 111. See the Metamorphoses, Book x.
L 45, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1209: Plane-tree.--Ver. 141. The shade of this tree was much
valued as a place of resort for convivial parties. Wine was sometimes
poured upon its roots.]
[Footnote 1210: To defend.--Ver. 151. See the Fasti, Book i. 1. 22, and
the Note.]
[Footnote 1211: Into the ranks.--Ver. 152. He recommends the idle man
to become a candidate for public honours: on which occasion, the party
canvassing wore a white 'toga,' whence he was called 'candidatus,'
literally, 'one clothed in white.']
[Footnote 1212: Flying Parthian.--Ver. 155. See the Art of Love, Book i.
1. 177, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1213: Ætolian.--Ver. 159. Ætolia was the native country of
Diomedes.]
[Footnote 1214: Waging it.--Ver. 165. He might have gone to Troy,
and taken part in that war; unless, indeed, as Ovid hints in another
passage, his intrigue did not commence with Clyteinnestra till after
Troy had fallen, and Cassandra had become the captive of Agememnon.]
[Footnote 1215: Fly from the yew trees.--Ver. 185. 'Fumos,' 'smoke,'
is a better reading here than 'taxos,' 'yews,' inasmuch as the swarm of
bees would be driven away by smoke, but not by the yew, which was not
noxious to the swarm, though it was thought to make the honey of a
poisonous nature, or bitter, according to Pliny. See the Amores, B. i.
El. xii. 1. 10, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1216: Bending osiers.--Ver. 186. The beehives, if stationary,
were made of brick, or baked cow dung; if moveable, they were made from
a hollow block of wood, cork, bark, earthenware, and, as in the present
instance, wicker-work, or osier. Those of cork were deemed the best,
and those of earthenware the worst, as being most susceptible to the
variations of the temperature.]
[Footnote 1217: The grafting.--Ver. 195. The process of engrafting was
performed in the spring. * Feather-foils.--Ver. 203. See the Fasti, B.
v. L 173, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1218: Nor let the Sabbaths.'--Ver. 219. It is supposed that
the Romans in some measure imitated the Jews in the observance of
their Sabbath, by setting apart every seventh day for the worship of
particular Deities. See the Art of Love, Book i. lines 76 and 416, and
the Notes.]
[Footnote 1219: Allia.--Ver. 220. See the Art of Love, Book i. 1. 413;
and the Ibis, 1. 221, and the Notes.]
[Footnote 1220: Still is.--Ver. 224. By the use of the word 'adhuc,'
'still,' or 'up to this time,' he intends to pay a compliment to
Augustus, by implying that they will not long remain unconquered.]
[Footnote 1221: Paternal home.--Ver. 239. Literally, 'paternal Lar.' On
the Lares, see the Fasti, Book i. 1. 136; and Book v. 1. 140, and the
Notes.]
[Footnote 1222: To come forth.--Ver. 250. See the Amores, Book i. El.
viii. 1. 17, 18, and the Note. This achievement is similar to that
performed by the witch of Endor, if, indeed, she did not impose on the
unhappy Saul, and tell him that the spirit of Samuel appeared, when that
really was not the case.]
[Footnote 1223: Tiberinus.--Ver. 257. See the Fasti, Book ii. L 389, and
the Note. Also Book iv. 1. 47; the Ibis, 1. 516; and the Metamorphoses,
Book xiv. 1. 614.]
[Footnote 1224: Virgin sulphur.--Ver. 260. See the Art of Love, Book ii.
1. 329, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1225: Neritos.--Ver; 264. This island formed part of the
realms of Ulysses.]
[Footnote 1226: Dulichian chief.--Ver. 272. Dulichian was one of the
Echinades, a group of islands on the western side of the Peloponnesus,
and was subject to Ulysses. See the Metamorphoses, Book viii. 1. 590,
and the Note.]
[Footnote 1227: Put up for sale.--Ver. 302. Through her extravagance.]
[Footnote 1228: Some hawker.--Ver. 306. See the Art of Love, Book i. 1.
421, and the Note. Being mostly liberated slaves, the 'institores' were
looked upon with great contempt by the Romans.]
[Footnote 1229: Podaurius.--Ver. 313. See the Art of Love, Book ii. 1.
735, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1230: Confounding one for the other.--Ver. 323. 'Errore sub
illo.' Literally, 'under that mistake.']
[Footnote 1231: Move her hands.--Ver. 334 He alludes to the gestures
used in dancing.]
[Footnote 1232: Stomacher.--Ver. 338. See the Art of Love, Book iii. 1.
374, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1233: This Ægis--Ver. 346. See the Fasti, Book iii. 1. 848,
and the Note; also the Metamorphoses, Book iv. 1. 798.]
[Footnote 1234: Of the fleece.--Ver. 354. See the Art of Love, Book
iii. 1. 213, and the Note. Surely Swift must have borrowed his notion
of describing Chloe's dressing-room from these passages. See the Art of
Love, Book i. 1. 339, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1235: Smell like thy tables.--Ver. 355. He alludes to the
defilement of the tables of Phineus by the filthy Harpies.]
[Footnote 1236: From him, Zoilus.--Ver. 366. It was unknown of what
parentage and country Zoilus was. He compiled a work in dispraise of
Homer, and was called by the ancients, 'Horaeromastix,' 'the scourge of
Homer.' Zoilus was ultimately accused of parricide, and crucified.]
[Footnote 1237: Mangled thy poems.--Ver. 367. He alludes to Virgil,
who, he says, had his censurers as well. Carvilius Picto wrote a satire
against the Æneid, called Æneidomastix.]
[Footnote 1238: Proper numbers.--Ver. 372. He adroitly avows the
essence of the charge, by defending the Elegiac measure, in which he had
written, and which could not be the object of any censures. He does not
say a word in defence of the subject matter, which had incurred these
remarks.]
[Footnote 1239: The sock of Comedy.--Ver. 376. The 'soccus' was a low
shoe, which did not fit closely, and had no tie. These shoes were worn
among the Greeks by both men and women. The 'soccus' was worn by comic
actors, and was in this respect opposed to the 'cothurnus,' or 'buskin,'
of Tragedy.]
[Footnote 1240: Drag on its foot.--Ver. 378. He alludes first to a
genuine lambic line, ending with an Iambus, and then to a Scazonic line,
so called from the Greek word, 'limping,' which was a kind of bastard
Iambic line, having a Trochee (or foot of a long and a short syllable)
in the last place, instead of an Iambus. Scazonic lines were much used
in satirical composition.]
[Footnote 1241: Cydippe--Ver. 382. Callimachus wrote a poem on the loves
of Acontius and Cydippe. See Epistles xx and xxi.]
[Footnote 1242: Andromache.--Ver. 383. She was a heroine of Tragedy,
while Thais, the courtesan, figured in the Eunuchus, a Comedy of
Terence.]
[Footnote 1243: Noble Epic.--Ver. 396. 'Epos'seems preferable here to
'opus,' the common reading. * Disgust.--Ver. 432. This passage and that
in 1. 437, are necessarily somewhat modified.]
[Footnote 1244: Procris. J--Ver. 453. See the Translation of the
Metamorphoses, p 262.]
[Footnote 1245: Wife from Ida.'--Ver. 454. He refers to Clytemnestra
being supplanted by Cassandra.]
[Footnote 1246: The brother of.--Ver. 455 Alcmæon was married to
Alphesibea, the daughter of Phegeus, and deserted her for Calirrhoë, the
daughter of the river Achelous.]
[Footnote 1247: Odrysian.--Ver. 459. He here alludes to the story of
Tereus and Progne.]
[Footnote 1248: Than she who.--Ver. 464. 'Quæ' seems to be a preferable
reading to 'cui though in either case the sense is the same. Ovid had
probably the instance of Niobe in his mind, when he wrote this passage.
See the Metamorphoses, B. vi. 1. 297.]
[Footnote 1249: Had ordered.--Ver. 473. See the Introduction to the
Epistle of Briseis to Achilles.]
[Footnote 1250: If the first syllable.--Ver. 476. Ovid, with his
propensity for playing upon words, remarks upon the similarity of the
names, Chryseis and Seis; the one being the daughter of Chryses, and the
other of Briser.]
[Footnote 1251: Appear asleep.--Ver. 499. See the Amores, B. ii. El. v.
1. 13.]
[Footnote 1252: And let not this.--Ver. 513. The reading of this line
and the next is probably corrupt. Burmann suggests that 'propositus'
should lie substituted for 'propositis,' and that the stop should
be removed from the end of 'amàndi,' and a semicolon placed after
'propositus.' In that case, the meaning would be, 'You must, however,
act the deceiver to yourself, and must not make any determination to
cease altogether from loving her; lest, as the horse struggles against
the rein, your affection should rebel against such a determination.']
[Footnote 1253: Collinian.--Ver. 549. See the Fasti, B. iv. 1. 8'2, and
the Note.]
[Footnote 1254: The Puteal.--Ver. 561. 'Puteal' properly means the
enclosure which surrounds the opening of a well, to prevent persons from
falling into it. The 'Puteal' here referred to was that called 'Puteal
Scribonianum,' or 'Libonis,' and was situate in the Forum, near the
Fabian arch. Scribonius Libo erected in its neighbourhood a tribunal for
the Prætor, in consequence of which the place was frequented by persons
engaged in litigation, especially by debtors and creditors; to which
circumstance reference is here made.]
[Footnote 1255: And Janus.--Ver. 561. He probably refers to the fact
of the temple of Janus being near the Puteal, and the tribunal of the
Praetor. The Calends, or first of January, was the time when money
lent became due, and on the same day was the Festival of Janus. See the
Fasti, B. i. 1. 89.]
[Footnote 1256: On its return home.--Ver. 569. 'In reditu' may certainly
mean 'upon its return;' but Burmann thinks that 'reditus' here means 'a
source of income,' and that the passage alludes to the man whose only
property is his ship.]
[Footnote 1257: In service.--Ver. 571; Those who were old enough to have
sons In service, or marriageable daughters, were certainly unworthy of
the Poet's sympathy or advice.]
[Footnote 1258: Palinurus.--Ver. 577. The pilot of Æneas, who was
drowned off die coast of Italy. See the Æneid of Virgil.]
[Footnote 1259: Triennial.--Ver. 593. See the Metamorphoses, Book vi. 1.
587; and the Fasti, Book i. 1. 394, and the Notes.]
[Footnote 1260: Edoniatu--Ver. 594. See the Tristia, Book iv. El. i. 1.
42, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1261: Your foliage lost.--Ver. 606. He alludes to the story of
the woods losing their leaves in their grief for Phyllis.]
[Footnote 1262: Hail!'--Ver. 640. Martial tells us that 'ave' was the
morning illutation of the Romans.]
[Footnote 1263: Appian.'--Ver. 660. See the Art of Love, Book iii. 1.
451.]
[Footnote 1264: In the company.--Ver. 663. Heinsius thinks, that by
'aderam,' it is meant that Ovid was acting as the counsel of the
youth. The young man had probably summoned his mistress, to restore his
property left in her possession. On the two tablets his case was written
out.]
[Footnote 1265: Loose folds.--Ver. 680. The Roman fops affected to wear
the 'toga, tightened into many creases at the waist, and as open as
possible at the breast.]
[Footnote 1266: Not venture.--Ver. 699. He alludes to the abrupt
departure of Ulysses from Calypso and Circe.]
[Footnote 1267: Cauldrons of Amyclæ.--Ver. 707. The purple dye of
Amyelæ, in Laconia, was of a very fair quality, but could not be
compared with that af Tyre.]
[Footnote 1268: Thestius.--Ver. 721. See the Metamorphoses, Book viii.
1. 445.]
[Footnote 1269: Waxen portrait.--Ver. 723. Waxen profiles seem to have
been used by the Romans, as likenesses. They are evidently referred to
in the Asinaria of Plautus, Aet iv. se. i. 1. 19, a passage which seems
to have puzzled the Commentators. See the Epistle of Laodania, 1. 152,
and the Note.]
[Footnote 1270: Caphareus.--Ver. 735. Seethe Tristia, Book i. El. i. 1.
83, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1271: Of Nmis.--Ver. 737. He falls into his usual error of
confounding the daughter of Nisus with the daughter of Phorcys.]
[Footnote 1272: Acroceraunia.--Ver. 739. These were tremendous rocks on
the coast of Epirus.]
[Footnote 1273: Thy descendant.--Ver. 743. He means that the lust of
Phædra was engendered by ease and luxury. See the Metamorphoses, Book
xv. 1. 498. Neptune was the great grandfather of Hippolytus.]
[Footnote 1274: Gnossian.7--Ver. 745. He refers to the love of Pasiphaë
for the bull.]
[Footnote 1275: Hecale.--Ver. 747. Hecale was a poor old woman, wo
entertained Theseus with great hospitality.]
[Footnote 1276: Irus--Ver. 747. See the Tristia, Book iii. El. vii. 1.
42, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1277: Being acted.--Ver. 755. See the Tristia, Book il. 1.
519, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1278: Of Cos.--Ver. 760. See the Art of Love, Book iii. 1.
329, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1279: Hermione.--Ver. 772. See the Epistle to Orestes.]
[Footnote 1280: Of Plisthenes.--Ver. 778. Agamemnon was said, by some,
to have been the son of Plisthenes, and adopted by his uncle Atreus.]
[Footnote 1281: Without reason.--Ver. 779. Agamemnon declares the
contrary of this in the Iliad; Briseïs, in her Epistle to Achilles, does
the same.]
[Footnote 1282: He did not think.--Ver. 784. Ovid has no reason or
ground for this wretched quibble, but his own imagination. This sceptre
of Agamemnon was made by Vulcan, who gave it to Jupiter, he to Mercury,
and Mercury to Pelous, who left it to Atreus; by him it was left to
Thyestes, who according to Homer, gave it to Agamemnon.]
[Footnote 1283: Lotophagi.--Ver. 789. See the Tristia, Book iv. El. i.
1. 31, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1284: Daunian.--Ver. 797. Daunia was a name of Apulia, in
Italy. See the Metamorphoses, Book xiv. 1. 512, and the Note.]
[Footnote 1285: Megara.--Ver. 798. See the Art of Love, Book ii. 1.
422.]
[Footnote 1286: Sharpens the sight.--Ver. 801. Pliny says that painters
and sculptors were in the habit of using rue, for the purpose of
strengthening the sight.]
THE END
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