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Title: Chemiam artibus academicis jure esse inserendam
Author: Hieronymus David Gaubius
Release Date: August 20, 2005 [EBook #16562]
Language: Latin
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Hieronymi Davidis Gaubii
ORATIO
INAUGURALIS
Qua Ostenditur
CHEMIAM ARTIBUS ACADEMICIS JURE ESSE
INSERENDAM
Habita XXI. Maji MDCCXXXI.
Quum publicum Chemiam praelegendi munus in Academia
Lugduno-Batava auspicaretur.
[Illustration: HIERONYMUS DAVID GAUBIUS]
Medicinae Doctor.
Ejusde[m et] Chemiae et Collegii Practico-Medici
in ACADEMIA BATAVA, quae LEIDAE est,
PROFESSOR ORDINARIUS
[Cursive text, possibly hand-written: illegible]
* * * * *
_Illustrissimis et Nobilissimis Viris_
ACADEMIAE LUGDUNA-BATAVAE
CURATORIBUS,
JOHANNI HENRICO, COMITI DE WASSENAER, Domino de Opdam,
Hensbroek, Spierdyk, Zuydwyk, Kernchem, et lage etc. etc.
Equiti ordinis Johannitici, in equestrem nobilium Hollandiae
ordinem adlecto, ad supremum foederati belgii senatum delegato
etc. etc.
JOHANNI TRIP, J.U.D. Toparchae in Berkenrode, civitatis
Amstelaedamensis senatori, cum maxime consulum praesidi,
Societatis Indiae Orientalis moderatori. etc. etc.
ARENTIO BRUNONIS, VAN DER DUSSEN, J.U.D. Reipublicae Delphensis
senatori et consulari, delegatis praepotentium ordinum
Hollandiae adscripto, etc. etc.
EORUMQUE COLLEGIS
_Amplissimis, Gravissimisque Viris_
_Civitatis Lugdunensis Consulibus_.
ABRAHAMO HOOGENHOUCK, J.U.D. Consulum praesidi.
DANIELI VAN ALPHEN, J.U.D.
HENRICO VAN WILLIGEN, J.U.D.
GERHARDO EMILIO VAN HOOGEVEEN J.U.D.
Nec Non Viro Spectatissimo
DAVIDI VAN ROYEN, J.U.D. Urbis Leidensis Graphiario, Illustriss:
Curatoribus et Ampliss. Consulibus a Secretis.
L.M.Q.D.
Hanc Orationem
Virtuti et Gloriae Eorum
Devotissimus
HIERONYMUS DAVID GAUBIUS.
* * * * *
Hieronymi Davidis Gaubii
ORATIO
INAUGURALIS
Qua Ostenditur
CHEMIAM ARTIBUS ACADEMICIS JURE ESSE INSERENDAM
Si quae unquam, in scena vitae meae, magna mihi et peregrina obvenit
mearum rerum vicissitudo, ea sane est, quam hic nunc subeo. Locus
insolitus; inusitata hominum frequentia, horumque omnium conversa in
me ora atque oculi; munus inconsuetum; nova prorsus sunt omnia: omnia
alienam subito adepta faciem, pari et stupore et solicitudine percellunt
animum.
Scilicet in Academica panegyri perorare jubeor Chemicus, et quidem, dum
officii ita poscit ratio, de Chemia. An vero majus uspiam, quam quod
Mercurium inter et Vulcanum est, datur discrimen? An Artium ulla ab
Oratoriae elegantiis abest longius, quam Chemia? Chemia, inquam! quae
aspera, laboriosa, styli incuria politioris, Eloquentiae lenociniis nec
studens, nec accommoda, tota in opere versatur, et cultores suos non per
verba, sed per ignem sapere, per experimenta Philosophari docet.
Invisite animo saltem, si libet, officinam Chemicam! Ecquid putatis ibi
inventuros? An numerosam librorum congeriem, et suis pulchre ordinata
forulis sexcenta Autorum volumina? An priscae monumenta Eloquentiae,
Rhetoribus tam exoptata; aut suggestum Tulliana voce resonantem? Nihil
profecto horum: alia omnino est, quae hic occurrit, supellex; alius
plane apparatus: variae nimirum furnorum alia atque alia ratione
constructorum, series, sustentando cuilibet ignis gradui appropriatae;
erecta tecto tenus loculamenta, quam plurimis artis operibus, ad
praeparanda nova mox rursum inservituris, adimpleta; innumerae vasorum,
materie et figura discrepantium, species; carbonum cespitumque acervus
nunquam defecturus; praesto ad usum cola, cribra, spathulae, folles,
forcipes, et si quae alia vel alendo igni, vel regendo requiruntur. Haec
inter artificem videbitis, non otiose ad pulpita desidentem; sed atras
carbone manus, taciturna attentione, admoventem operi: fumo, cineribus,
fuligine obsitum, jam igne intensissimo durissima liquare metalla; jam
vivis urere flammis vegetabile; hinc cautissime opposita committere
corpora, flammivomos mox in conflictus ruitira; illinc, calore moderato,
rerum virtutes, exacto ad numerum stillicidio, elicere; electas alibi,
tepore naturali, unire arctius et digerere; verbo: totum inter furnos
defixum, excitando, applicando, moderando igne occupatissimum, hujus in
corpora efficaciam modis omnibus explorare. Hoc opus est, hic labor ejus
unicus.
Vane heic quaesiverit quispiam limatas Augustaei Seculi locutiones:
vanus amoena Rhetorices illectamenta. Non aures hic demulcentur, sed
oculi: nec verbis conciliatur adsensus; sed rerum testimoniis
extorquetur.
Quid ergo animi putatis esse Chemico? Ubi a sordida Vulcani officina in
spectatissimum protractus locum, a furnis evocatus in suggestum, solis
sacratum politissimis sermonibus, Oratoris sustinere cogitur provinciam?
Quid materiei creditis suppetere? Dum coram Principibus in republica
Viris, in consessu sapientissimorum Professorum, in conspectu denique
hominum in omni scientiarum genere perfectissimorum, de Arte, plerisque
horum ignota, disserendi incumbit necessitas? Sane si aqua haeserit
trepido, facilem merebitur veniam.
Haec vero me sors, hoc meos hodie humeros premit onus: nec, quibus
fulciar, ulla domi praesidia mihi nascuntur. Quin probe nota virium
mearum tenuitas, et naturalis mihi, utut agendis rebus publicis inepta
prorsus, verecundia id etiam animi dejicit, quod audax omnia aggredi
juventus forte addidisset.
Undequaque igitur circumspicienti, unica demum superest, quae locum
refugii praebet, singularis Vestra, A.O.O. benevolentia, toties experta
iis, quos hoc e suggestu dicendi arduum pressit munus. Facit haec, Vos
ea esse judicii lenitate, suo ut quemque modulo metiti, majora viribus
nequaquam exigatis: quod quidem aliis dum generose adeo exhibuistis,
quidni a Vobis et mihi pollicear ego, pro quo tot intercedunt majoris
etiam momenti rationes? Justa certe petitio repulsam ab aequo tulit
nemine.
Quo fretus ipsi me accingo operi, cui Thema erit ex eo, quod auspicor,
officio desumptum, et Vestra non indignum celebritate. Conabor nimirum
ostendere, _Chemiam Artibus Academicis jure esse inserendam_. Quod dum
ago, faciles in audiendo pariter et judicando Vos praebeatis mihi, enixe
obsecro: uterque enim seu felix fuerit, seu sinister Orationis meae
eventus, Vestrum me semper ad favorem allegabit, huic ut vel referam
gratias, vel veniam impetraturus, supplicem.
Academiae ea, qua hodie constitutas lege videmus, loci sunt publici,
docendis discendisque scientiis et artibus nobilioribus dicati, iisque
hinc conditionibus et mediis instructi, quibus propositus iste finis
potest obtineri. Non ergo arti aut scientiae cuilibet sua in his schola
conceditur; sed ultra vulgi captum elevata, _Nobilitatis_ quodam emineat
splendore necesse est, in Academiis quae pedem figere voluerit
disciplina.
Quodsi igitur vera hujusce _Nobilitatis_ insignia, palam exposita, Arti
Spagyricae competere certis adstruxero documentis, nonne propositi hodie
mei constabit ratio et veritas?
Virtus sola atque unica, si Poëtae habenda fides, _Nobilitate_ impertit
hominem: nec unius haec diei dos est; nec vera, quoties praeterquam ex
natalibus, aliunde probari nequit. Idem vero et eadem ratione obtinet
in disciplinis, modo, quod ibi datum virtuti est, heic detur usui.
Laureolam certe quaerunt in mustaceo, qui artis ostensuri dignitatem,
pulchre hoc sibi agere videntur, primis ubi a seculis deductam ejus
originem, objective et operum miram jucunditatem, aut quot numeraverit,
quantosque sui cultores exponunt, parum interim de utilitate soliciti,
qua sine tamen sordent omnia, antiqua fuerint, dulcia, aut quibusvis
clara sectatorum nominibus: externa enim isthaec sunt, et veram potius
ornant _Nobilitatem_, quam constituunt. Utile mensura est, illam qua
metitur, verum qui rebus pretium statuere solus novit, sapiens.
Quaecunque hinc usum adfert eximium vel homini in se seorsum spectato,
vel humanae societati, ea demum disciplina jure _Nobilis_ habetur.
Quum vero pars hominis melior, mens sit, hanc quae recti bonique
facit studiosam, aut veri auget perspicientia, utique aliis omnibus
antecellit. Neque tamen hac multo inferior, quae corporis curat
sanitatem: ea namque magis optabile quidquam vix datur mortalibus;
deficiens una praegravat animum et deprimit. Hoc quae opus sibi sumsit
excolendum, ars dicitur Medica: priori studet cum caeteris Philosophia;
una sui parte moderandis occupata affectibus, alteram extendendis
humanae intelligentiae limitibus in cognitione rerum existentium
dedicans: utramque ergo _Nobilissimam_ suo recepere gremio Academiae,
et jure civitatis donarunt, ne ipso quidem livore contradicente.
Habent autem ambae hae objectum patens quam latissime, et varias hinc
sub se complectuntur disciplinas, quae partesne dicendae an ministrae?
opera singulae inter se diversissima, ad eundem tamen ultimum finem, cum
principe, sub qua militant, scientia communem, omnes collineant. Quum
itaque et has sunt quamlibet commendet usus, et summa ad priorum
perfectionem necessitas, hinc _Nobiles_ etiam ab Eruditis jure habitae,
debitum in Academiis locum obtinuere.
Nonne vero talis est Ars Chemica? Cur ergo duram adeo haec experta
sortem, nonnisi post plurimas agitatas lites, liberam sui culturam in
scholis Sapientum impetrare potuit? Sane, rigoris hujus justo acrioris
causam vix determinaverim: si tamen, quod vero est simillimum, dicam,
videntur ipsius Artis in se spectatae ignari, Artificum duntaxat
habuisse rationem judices, quorum ex arbitrio tum pendebant Academiae.
Nata nimirum inter Metallarios et Pyracmonas Chemia; ab illiterato hoc
rudique hominum genere primum exercita; deturpata dein et obscurata ab
impostoribus; in se horrida, laboribus plena, plena periculis; ab
otiosis speculationibus aliena; ignem, fumos, cineres, sordes spirans,
vix ulla amoenitatis specie cuiquam se commendare potuit, nisi, qui
penitius eam introspicere dignaretur: atqui externam ejus faciem
monstrosam adeo deformemque reddiderat cultorum et ruditas et malitia,
ab interioribus ut perlustrandis deterrerentur Eruditi, eodem haec, si
non pejori de luto esse conficta, rati. Frustra ergo suam oravit causam
Chemia talibus coram Arbitris qui praejudicata obcaecati opinione, et
usus ejus eximios, et summam necessitatem praetervidentes, sententiam
prius tulerant, quam cognovissent. Factum hinc, a publico ut Sapientum
commercio exclusa, privatorum exerceret manus atque ingenia, varias sub
variis passa fatorum vicissitudines, nec forte unquam Academicos in
suggestus emersura, nisi, quem nacta tandem est, causae patronum, an
rabulam potius? Eremitam fortuna major quam prudentia secundasset: hic
enim coeco gementis hujus disciplinae amore, captus, quod autoritate
rationali et luculentis rerum testimoniis agendum fuisset, bullato id
verborum nugacissimorum apparatu, mox vero, qua erat morum insolentia,
igne etiam et armis tentare non dubitavit, successu certe adeo felici,
ut ausu hocce temerario intrusa in Academias Chemia sede potiretur, vel
ipsis contradicentium cineribus inaedificata. Hanc autem quamvis vi
partam, infirmoque hinc nixam pede, repressa paulo post fundatoris ejus
tyrannide, rursus pessum dederit impatiens cogi, litteratorum gens
liberrima; id tamen inde Chemiae boni accesserat, quod durante isthac
statione sua, propior Eruditis posita, nonnullos horum, vividissimis
quibusdam radiis, per offusas sibi quisquiliarum tenebras evibratis,
latentis intus foecundissimi luminis sui potuerit commonefacere: quo
equidem animadverso illi mox excitati, ulterius ad scrutinium se
accinxere, demtaque sensim imposturarum larva, perruptisque, quibus
obvolvebatur, ignorantiae nebulis, nudam tandem salutantes, Erudito
Orbi produxere intuendam. Tum ergo propriis jam refulgens radiis Chemia,
tum demum, quae personata displicuerat tantopere, nativae suae reddita
faciei, adeo pellexit Sapientes, dignam ut reputaverint, ipsorum quae in
scholas adoptata, strenue coleretur.
Nec sane, si fateri vera velimus, alia Chemiae opus est hedera, nisi,
ut libero a praejudiciis oculo nuda, prout in se est, adspectetur: tam
necessariis enim pollet usibus, tot jucundissimis arridet oblectamentis,
Naturae ut curiosum sui facillime pertrahat in amorem pertractumque
ullo sine taedio detineat. Utique, si sola contemplemur bona, quibus
quascunque fere artes manuales, humanae vitae commodis inservientes,
perfundit Chemia, quot, quaeso, et quanta sunt! Dies deficeret
enumerantem: minima tamen haec, et pro parergis tantum aestimanda.
Nobilior est, quam menti, utilior, quam corpori praestat, opera
primaria: huic namque illibatam tuetur sanitatem, amissamque restituit;
illi vero brevissimam monstrat in adyta Naturae viam, latentisque in
profundo veri mira felix aperit, Philosophiae hinc et Medicina
conjunctissima, nec sine detrimento inde separanda.
Id vero ne precario Vobis obtrudere velle videar, evidentis nunc
rationes proferam, quibus asserti constet veritas: est enim palmarium
hocce argumentum, quod si evicero, proposito Orationis meae Themati
satisfactum arbitrabor.
Qui corporum naturalium proprietates, vires et effectus per suas quaeque
causas sciunt aut rimantur, Physici dicuntur; et haec eorum scientia
appellatur Physica, Philosophiae generatim sumtae pars non minima. Ejus
hinc objectum est, quidquid conceptum corporis ingreditur, aut eo reduci
potest, sive illud commune sit omnibus corporibus, sive peculiare
singulis: quum enim Materia indefinita, solis gaudens proprietatibus
corporeis generalibus, in rerum natura non detur, nec dari possit; sed
tantum sit idea intelligentiae, clarioris doctrinae gratia efficta;
corpora autem, quae re existunt, omnia individua sint, id est, adeo
limitata et determinata, ut, praeter universalem illum Materiae
conceptum, involvant peculiares etiam alias affectiones, quibus singula
a singulis distinguuntur, et quae faciunt, ut corpus sit hoc praecise
corpus, et non aliud: inde clarissime liquet, communes illas Materiae
dotes non modo, sed et imprimis cuilibet corpori singulari proprias
Physicae esse considerationis, utpote, quae corpora naturalia, prout
vere existunt, vel existere possunt, contemplatur.
Proprietates corporum, quatenus certis quibusdam actionibus producendis
sunt idoneae, dicuntur vires: ex his autem, tanquam ex causis, fluunt,
quoscunque observamus, effectus corporei, qui hinc determinatam suarum
quilibet causarum naturam sequentes, si singularibus a viribus
emanarunt, et ipsi necessario erunt singulares, et contra generales,
si a generalibus.
Quodsi igitur ea hic daretur simplicitas, ut peculiarium quorumvis
corporis attributorum sufficiens ratio in communi ejus natura
fundaretur; jam equidem, praeter solam Mathematicorum operam, nil
opus esset Physico ad finem suum obtinendum: hi enim ideam corporis
universalem dedere omnium verissimam, et methodum simul exactissimam,
quaecunque in illa continentur, eliciendi. At vero quam procul abest,
haec quin ita sese habeant! Detegit attentior observatio innumera certe
in corporibus adeo penitus peculiaria, ut cum generali illorum indole
vix quidquam commune videantur habere, nisi solum, cui inhaerent
utraque, subjectum: talia autem incognita si quis ex universali
illo Geometrarum conceptu, utut accuratissimo, a priori eruere, aut
cognitorum etiam ex hoc rationem exsculpere postulet, nae is et operae
simul et olei jacturam sero doleat!
Atqui maximopere tamen expedit eorundem scientia Physico; quum in his
potissimum haereat id, quo corpora a se mutuo intrinsecus distinguuntur.
Ea itaque ut evolvantur, non illa certe, quae a data causae idea ad
intellectum effectus progreditur, sed prorsus alia incedendum via est.
Nimirum quidquid de corporibus vere concipit mens, id omne vel
Phoenomena sunt ipsi per sensus communicata, vel formata inde judicia:
proprietates autem et vires corporeae in se primitus imperceptibiles
latent; effectus tamen producunt sensibus apparentes, qui determinatae
ipsarum naturae proportionales, hujus hinc cognitionem simul exhibent,
adeo, ut quo ditior fuerit observatorum cujusque rei effectorum
supellex, eo de ejus indole plus certi resciatur. Haecque adeo sola
superest indagandis corporum singularibus via retrograda; dum alteram
illam, quae a priori haec investigat, humano ingenio imperviam prorsus
Natura fecit et inaccessam. Sedulus hinc rerum scrutator experimentis
prius quam ratiociniis insudat, sensuum adminiculo sua examinat objecta,
horum peculiares animadvertit effectus, quos sponte sua vel praevio
tentata consilio ediderint; corpora corporibus adplicat, rursumque ab
invicem removet, ut, qui e solis, quique e conjunctis fluant motus,
experiatur; tum vero ex hisce gnaviter collectis, sibique mutuo collatis
quaesitam corporum naturam propriam et singulares dotes a posteriori
demum determinare haud infelix praesumit. Nec sane ullo unquam tempore
patuere clarius Naturae interiora, quam quo huic institum est tramiti:
parum in Physicis profecere, hunc qui vel ignorarunt, vel neglexere
scientes.
Sed ecce! dum Physicis totus inhaereo, lenissimo ipsius materiae quasi
flexu, in intima Artis Spagyricae viscera me devolutum sentio: reducit
me in Chemiam, quae inde diverterat Physica; hoc ipso docens affatim,
quam sit propinqua ambarum cognatio, quam indissolubilis nexus.
Nonne enim totum hoc, quod modo diximus, unius prope est Chemiae
opus? Nonne haec corpora singularia fere omnia, quae Physicae sunt
considerationis, speciatim evolvenda sibi sumit? Imo vero vix aliud
est Chemiae propositum, quam corporum particularium examen. Quidquid
Fossilium in imis terrae visceribus excoquitur; quidquid protrudit
Vegetabilium, divite de sinu, foecunda tellus; quidquid denique
Animantium ubivis fovet alitque alma parens Natura; id fere omne,
modo vel sensibus manifestari vel capi vasis queat, suo Chemia sistit
examini, rimatur, penetrat: penetrat, inquam, usque eo, ut quaecunque
in illis vulgaria, facillime obvia, aut extus adhaerentia despiciens,
tanquam se indigna, aliis relinquat Artibus; sibi vero magis ardua
quaerens, sublimiora, abstrusiora, intimas rerum virtutes, ultima
principia, prima elementa perscrutetur, hoc tantum, nec alio venditura
pretio suos labores.
Toto sane die hoc agunt strenui Artis hujus cultores: corpora alia
aliis adponunt, rursum ab invicem separant, soluta coagulant, coagulata
solvunt, motus inde obortos observant, mutant, novos excitant
instrumentis efficacissimis, variata in omnes modos encheiresi. Igne
utuntur, Elemento mobilissimo, validissimo: Menstrua praesto sunt
efficacissima, juxta solvendi naturam appropriata. Quid autem his
arduum? Quid inaccessum? Haereant particulae corporis Adamantino inter
se vinculo; sint ejus viscera aere vel triplici praemunita; lateant
in profundissimo vires; talium profecto arietum impetu dissilient,
effringentur, patebunt.
Quidquid vel agunt corpora vel patiuntur, solo id omne motui venit
tribuendum; per hunc et omnis eorum sese exserit efficacia, et
vicissitudines quaecunque producuntur: hisce igitur disquirendis si
navat operam Philosophus, quanam breviore poterit via, aut potentiore
quonam adminiculo sui se voti reddere compotem, quam captis per Ignem
experimentis? Cujus equidem adeo mobilis est natura, ut praeter motum
aliud esse nihil, Viri Sapientes crediderint. Est vero et Ignis, quo
pollet ipse, motum aliis communicare corporibus paratissimus; et vis
ejus, per plures gradus intermedios, intendi arte vel minui pro lubitu
potest: unde certe quam optatissima nascitur Physiologo opportunitas,
ejus ope abditissimas quasque corporum affectiones enucleandi. Istis
enim applicatus, simul ea in motum ciet, in agilitatem propriam
solicitat, medullitus concutit, vires eorum evocat, auget, mutat,
partes constituentes a se mutuo separat, separatas sigillatim combinat,
proprias rursus harum virtutes in actum lucemque deducit, adeoque nudis
usurpanda sensibus praebet, quae alia quacunque arte adjuti attingere
potuissent nunquam. Quid autem hoc jucundius Naturae scrutatori? Quid
utilius? Quid magis necessarium?
Supersedeo horum in fidem rerum adducere testimonia, ne in immensam mea
excrescat Oratio. Latent illa neminem, nisi qui misere adeo deperierit
vetustatem, recentiorum ut in scriptis hospes sit. Omnium instar sint
bina illa fulgentissima Magnae Britanniae Lumina, _Boyleus_ et
_Newtonus_: quibus certe haud perspicaciores Naturae Mystas nostra
agnoscunt secula; an vero videre retroacta? Hi tamen in detegenda
singularium corporum indole, in eruendis propriis viribus, vix alio quam
ad Chemiam recurrunt. Quidquid fere inventum est solidi et pulchri circa
naturam ignis, caloris, lucis, frigoris; quidquid innotuit de vera
colorum, saporum, odorum indole; quidquid de motuum terrae, igniumque
subterraneorum causis; quidquid de Magnetismo corporum, et vi
attractili, id omne Chemicis debetur experimentis.
Est ergo Chemia extendendis Physicis praestantissima: est Philosophiae
experimentali tam arcte copulata, ut, qui praeceptis ejus mentem non
formaverit, ineptus sit videndis Naturae arcanis. Utrique litem movet
de jure Academico, qui uni movet.
At videor mihi audire nonnullos Vestrum objicientes: Eho! Hanccine
tu Artem tot laudabilia praestare ais opera, et tam felicem esse in
detegendis corporum virtutibus? Hanccine absconditarum veritatum
cognitione ornare animum adseris? Quae gerris anilibus, historiolis
fabulosis, confictis turbati cerebri somniis ad nauseam usque offerta,
suos his cultores impraegnat; nec aliud quid, praeter arcana crepat
nunquam visa, saepe impossibilia, et sicubi vera, non tamen nisi denso
involuta peplo exhibet; adeo, ut auram quamvis fide Chemica tutiorem
esse, verissime cecinerit Poeta.
Hisce equidem haud repugno; nec inficior: pleni sunt talibus libri,
plenae Chemistarum voces, quorum pars magna servulo illi Terentiano
simillima, quae vera audivere, tacent et continent optime; sin falsum,
aut vanum, est, continuo palam faciunt. At enim vero ecquis imprudens
adeo, aut tam corruptus sederit ad hanc rem judex, Arti ut imputet
errores, delira quos et fraudulenta horumce Pseudochemicorum turba
dispersit? His quia turpe videtur errasse solos, fucata hinc verborum
specie allectos quoque alios iisdem implicant erroribus, et, dum propria
primi periere ignorantia, sequentes in commune secum trahunt exitium; id
saltem adsecuti, quod, sub coacervata aliorum supra alios strage, primae
tegatur ruinae causa et autor. Non sane hi, praeter nomen, quidquam de
Chemia possident; ne hoc quidem digni: quum suorum duntaxat sensuum
cupiditatibus, aut malesano natis in cerebro, hypothesium monstris
obsequiosi, veras Artis regulas nec sciant, nec ad illas conformentur.
Longissime profecto abest Chemia, inanibus quin credat speculationibus:
aurium ipsarum sublesta illi fides est; solo acquiescit oculorum
testimonio. Hinc quicunque caste eam colunt, in singularibus primo
corporibus, juxta praescriptum Artis, summa exactitudine, et
accuratissima omnium phoenomenorum observatione, Naturam ducem secuti,
varia instituunt experimenta; horum dein singulos quosque eventus
sensibiles, bona fide, notant, et ex his demum liquidissime perspectis,
et sibi invicem collatis, severitate Mathematica eliciunt, quae clara et
individua sequela inde deduci possunt: haecque tandem sunt, non alia,
quae pro veritatibus et Theorematis agnoscunt veri Chemiae cultores.
Quid vero est, si non haec certitudo est?
Quae cum ita sint, neminem jam Vestrum dari putem, qui perneget,
rationali Chemiae exercitio mire adaugeri humanae mentis intelligentiam.
Reliquum est, ut paucis, quos corpori adfert, usus exponamus, Arti dum
Medicae, hujus quæ curam gerit, artissime sociata, utilissimam pariter
ac maxime necessariam præstat operam, non aliunde, nisi e Chemiae penu
derivandam.
Physicae Medicinam firmissime conjungi, utriusque docet contemplatio:
haec itaque, quo cum illa cohaeret vinculo, eodem et Chemiae nectitur;
nec hujus demonstratio plura exigeret, nisi propior adhuc ambarum
daretur affinitas.
Ars Medica objectum sibi primarium habet corpus humanum, vivens, hinc
individuum, singularissimum, cui definitas aliorum corporum singularium
vires, determinatis sub conditionibus applicando, requisitas in fine
suo mutationes imprimit: tota ergo versatur in singularibus, et si ulla
alia, certe haec virtutes corporum peculiares, et in se invicem
actiones, quam distinctissime perspectas postulat: quum autem hisce
indagandis, prae reliquis quibuscunque Artibus, Chemia potissimum omnem
suam et unice et felicissime impendat operam; hac sine mancam fore
mutilamque quis non videt Medicinam? Hinc est, quod mox, ac plebi
erepta, Litteratos inter coepit vigere, nativo suo tum splendore
fulgens, Chemia, adeo in sui amorem et culturam omnes pertraxerit
Medicinae filios, horum ut praeprimis facta fuerit opus, horum deliciae.
Quid? Quod in ipsam quoque dein Artem Salutarem introducta, communem
sibi cum hac finem adoptaverit, novo tum nomine Jatro-Chemices, pro
parte sui longe maxima, insignita: quo quidem sibi placuit tantopere,
omni ut ilico conatu totam se promovendis sociae suae pomoeriis
indefessam dederit. Nec profecto, nisi ignarus rerum, pauca ea dixerit,
aut flocci aestimanda, quae inde in Medicinam redundarunt, bona:
quamcunque enim hujus partem, seu speculatione quae absolvitur, seu ipsa
quae in operis versatur exercitatione, percurras; utraque innumeros
clamat Chemiae usus; utraque consortium ejus ad sui perfectionem summe
necessarium exemplis docet infiniris.
Physiologiam primo Medicam, si libet, contemplemur. Undenam, quaeso,
constitit, firmarum corporis humani partium Elementum ultimum et basin
esse Terram Virginem, simplicissimam, constantissimam, medio glutine
oleoso, pariter fixissimo, adunatam? Eo certe non progreditur subtilitas
Anatomica: sola id liquido docet Chemia. Undenam vero fluidorum ejus
singularis indoles et propriae innotescunt vires? Excepta enim
generaliori liquidorum idea, aliud illis simile frustra quaesiveris
extra regni Animalis terminos: imo sunt ipsa etiam inter se quam
diversissima. Deficit heic Hygrostatica: Chemia sola opitulatur; haec
est, cui, quantum fere in his sapimus, debemus: Sanguinis naturam mediam
nec Acidam nec Alcalinam; Seri ejus, ad calorem naturali majorem, facile
coagulum; Bilis indolem saponaceam; Salivae, succi Pancreatici, Lymphae
temperiem, facultates, et innumera alia nesciremus, abfuisset Chemia.
Quid nunc functiones memorem, hujus adminiculo pulcherrime evolutas?
Intimam alimentorum in primis viis solutionem; succi inde Chylosi et
Lactei proventum; cibi potusque necessitatem, appetentiam; originem
salium et partium sulphurearum ex ingestis fere insipidis; insignem
humorum per vires circuitus mutationem (ut alia praeteream) parum
apposite explicuere, quibus clarior Chemiae lux nondum adfulserat.
Quodsi nunc pedem promoveamus ad partem Medicinae Pathologiam; innumeri,
iique impeditissimi occurrunt, circa morborum causas, naturam et
symptomata, nodi, quibus solvendis unica par est Chemia. Quis miros
salium morbosorum in Scorbuto, Arthritide, Lue Venerea ortus, variam
indolem, alia ex aliis effecta unquam pervidisset? Quis fontem Acidi
aut putridi oleosi, in primis viis, Hypochondriacis tam molesti? Quis
Calculorum in Cysti Fellea, Renibus, et Vesica Urinaria proventum? Quis
cariei ossium, adjunctique foetoris causam? Quis tetras stagnantium
humorum degenerationes in tenacitatem corneam, aut summam putredinem,
acrimoniamve corrosivam? Quis denique caloris et frigoris, circulationis
auctae vel diminutae varias in permutandis humoribus vires tam pulchre
in lucem ponere potuisset, nisi Chemia praetulisset facem?
Ex binis prioribus Medicinae partibus doctrina de Signis maximam partem
derivatur: redundant ergo in hanc etiam, quos in illas confert Chemia,
usus. Exempla in promptu sunt uberrima: Sanguis de vena missus nonne
luculentum internae dispositionis praebet indicium? At veram ejus
indolem, nisi examine Chemico, perspicere nemo distincte potest. Latet
vera Lactis nutricum natura, quem Chemia latet. At quanti est, exactum
de hoc judicium fere posse! Dum toties miseris illud infantibus, veneni
instar, infinitorum cruciatuum, mortisque fit causa, dulcem quod vitae
fomiteae, sanitatem et incrementum debebat addere. Si solis Medicis
Medicus nunc loquerer, plurima hic de Sputis, de Sudore, de Urinis et
Alvi excrementis dicenda superessent, quae satius tamen est involvere
silentio; ne his audiendis minus adsuetos prehendat nausea.
Offerunt se denique posteriores duae Medicinae partes, Hygieine et
Therapeutice; quae uti inter alias nobilissimae, propius jam fini
accedunt Medico; ita in has prae reliquis benefica Chemia, quidquid fere
utilis, quidquid habet boni, sincero adeo affectu, congessit, ut ne sic
quidem satisfecisse sibi visa, majora viribus tentaverit, ipsos Naturae,
ne dicam Artis limites vanis transgressa pollicitationibus. Ortum hic
error ab artificum duxit ignorantia, qui miram videntes complurium
suorum inventorum energiam, incitabantur eousque, finitae ut arti inesse
crederent infinita. Hi igitur, quae commisere, sua ipsi delicta luant;
nec debita ideo Chemiae laus denegetur, collata quam ad sanitatis
tutelam, morborumque propulsionem opera meruit. Quid enim? Nonne ejus
artificio esculentorum et potulentorum, aquarum, Vinorum, Cerevisiarum
natura, virtutes et vitia cognoscuntur optime? Nonne Thermarum illa,
Acidularum, aliorumque fontium, vi Medicata insignium, elementa,
compositionem et facultates tam liquido manifestat, ut vel imitetur, et
naturalium defectum arte factis suppleat, haud minoris fere efficaciae?
Medicamentorum principia, vires, agendi modus, et quidnam in unoquoque
id sit, cui maxima insidet potentia, perspicacissimum quemque, sine
analysi Chemica, fugiunt. Quid nunc commemorem plurimas illas Mortalium
aegritudines, quarum legitimam medendi methodum sola suggerit Chemia?
Quid sexcenta enumerem selectissimae virtutis medicamina, quorum
inventionis gloriam illa sibi vendicat? Taceo benignissimam ejus operam,
qua lethalem nonnullorum corporum ferociam, laudabili adeo eventu,
cicuravit, e venenis ut remedia evaserint tutissima aeque ac
efficacissima. Praetereo singularem ejus, in Medicamentorum viribus
acuendis, extrahendis, in compendium reducendis, et sub alia et alia
gratiori forma exhibendis, dexteritatem: si enim singula, pro dignitate,
nunc prosequi susciperem, dies dicentem deficeret. Videte, quae
illustris Boylaeus, quae Bellinus, Bohnius, Stahlius, Hoffmannus,
aliique laboribus suis Chemicis in Medicina praestitere: verum quid ad
exteros provocare opus? Immortalia Vestrum omnium in manibus versantur
scripta, nunquam periturae credidistis memoriae acta praestantissima
Viri vere Magni, quem fortunato coram hic contuemur vivum O diu!
sospitemque: volvite haec atque revolvite, dictorum testimonia inventuri
omni exceptione majora.
Ex hisce igitur constat affatim, quanti sint usus, quot probatissima
inventa, quam innumera beneficia, quibus Chemia quascunque Medicinae
partes cumulat largissime: patuit, quam amplam, quam necessariam ab hac
mutuetur Philosophia experimentorum supellectilem. Nec quis jam porro
inficiatur minime segregandam illam esse a numero Artium Academicarum,
quae binis harum tam arcto vinculo cohaeret.
Ne tamen ullus relinquatur dubitationi locus, addendum aliud adhuc est
argumentum, illos convicturum, qui forte oggesserint, alias complures
dari artes ministras, quarum licet egeant adminiculo disciplinae
nobiliores, ea tamen non est dignitas, harum ut albo inserantur.
Id equidem si in Chemiam quis contorserit, sciat is, non servile esse
ejus ministerium, sed tale, ut quam Academicis scientiis praestat
operam, eandem ab his exigat vicissim, et mutuetur reciprocam.
Quemadmodum enim, ut perfectum quis in Physicum evadat, bonus sit
Chemicus oportet; ita non minus bonum decet esse Physicum, ad plenam
qui Chemiae notitiam adspirat: ultra vulgus sapiat, emunctis accedat
naribus, et imbutam artibus ingenuis habeat mentem necesse est, qui in
Chemia laudabile praestare quidquam, et verus ejus cultor audire gestit.
Quid enim? Nonne saltum facit maxime absonum scientiae cujusdam
addiscendae cupidus Tyro, si generalibus illius regulis nondum cognitis,
ad singularia mox pedem promovet? Nonne a simplicioribus ad magis
composita, a facillime obviis ad abstrusa, Naturae ipsius ordo
commonstrat viam? Cuinam igitur tam parum nota sunt bonae praecepta
methodi? ad corporum ut singularium descendere examen, horum investigare
occultas vires, affectiones proprias, effecta peculiaria attentet,
antequam universalem objecti sui ideam sibi comparaverit. Addiscat
prius, quid sit corpus? Quaenam ejus natura generalis? Quantum a mente
differat? Virium praemittat et proprietatum communium indaginem; et
superficiem ante contempletur, quam in viscera penetrat: Artem calleat
ea, qua decet, accuratione instituendi experimenta: denique nec legum
sit ignarus, quae ex datis, justo ratiocinio, legitimas docent elicere
conclusiones et Theoremata: hocque demum apparatu instructus, operi sese
accingat Chemico, fructus inde non poenitendos adsecuturus.
Qui vero aliter se hac in re gerunt, nae illi oleum perdant et operam!
Andabatarum enim more procedentes, impingunt undique; et emendato
intelligentiae destituti lumine, quo in Chemiae adyta irrumpunt
profundius, eo hallucinantur magis; nubemque tandem pro Junone amplexi,
finem laborum omnium, erroribus, ignorantia, paupertate coronatum vident
sero et dolent. Hi sunt, quorum illotis olim manibus dum tractabatur
Chemia, foedissimis deturpata errorum et fabularum maculis, adeo
sorduit, invisa ut Sapientibus et suspecta esset. Hi sunt, a quibus dein
Eruditus Orbis, una cum Arte nobilissima, detestandas illas accepit
falsissimarum opinionum pestes, inde in omne fere Scientiarum genus
propagatas, contagio vix non indelebili. Verificatum hic tritum illud:
Optimarum rerum abusus pessimi.
Non tamen isthaec Artis sunt sed artificum: hos enim quamprimum contigit
tales esse, quales sibi postulat Artis sublimitas, viros Mathematice
doctos, qui spreta magistrorum auctoritate, Naturam ducem secuti, res
ipsas, uti in se sunt, contemplari, et de iis judicare, quam praepostere
credere maluerunt, mox sordibus detersis, aliam adepta faciem Chemia,
et quibus scatebat ipsa, et qui inde in alias irrepserant scientias,
errores non expunxit solum; sed horum etiam locum amplissimis supplevit
inventis, solidissimis veritatibus.
Verum desino exhibendis veri Chemici requisitis immorari diutius; ne,
horum plurima mihimet ipsi deesse nimis perspiciens, tantillum etiam,
quod mihi restat, animi, quo aliqualem adhuc in munere hocce meo
speraveram successum, prorsus abjiciam, et, nedum facto virium
tentamine, palaestra fugiam imbellis.
Ex dictis autem abunde innotescit, Chemiam captu vulgi superiorem,
cultores exigere, praeliminari scientiarum Academicarum supellectile
instructos: nec jam ulterius urgent, quae modo posse objici videbantur.
Quare, nisi vana me eventus spes fefellit, est, cur proposito paratam
fidem suspicer: constitit enim, Artem Chemicam praeclarissimis,
quos animi pariter et corporis culturae praestat, usibus insignem,
Philosophiae et Medicinae maxime proficuam, summe necessariam,
indissolubili haerere vinculo, utrinque firmissimo, hae ut illius
opera utantur, et vice versa. Quid demum impedit, quo minus concludam,
_Chemiam, Artem Nobilem, Artibus Academicis jure esse inserendam_?
Vestra igitur, ILLUSTRISSIMI ACADEMIAE BATAVAE CURATORES, una cum
NOBILISSIMIS VESTRIS COLLEGIS, AMPLISSIMIS HUJUS URBIS CONSULIBUS,
Vestra, inquam, sapientissima est cura, quod in celeberrima hac, cui
tanta cum gravitate, et inusitata adeo vigilantia praeestis, Academia,
huic quoque disciplinae, largo firmatam pretio, sedem statueritis, et
officinam, ejus exercitio aptissimam; nec hanc volueritis diu frigere,
postquam impetrata, quam petiverat, missione honorificentissima, inde
exivit Vir, ob sociatum stupendae eruditioni plusquam Herculeam laborum
tolerantiam, eo certe provectus in Arte, verus ut Chemiae Restaurator
merito laudetur omnibus.
Quod autem Viro huic incomparabili, nec ambientem me, nec promeritum
subadjungere Vobis visum fuerit, Atlanti Pigmaeum; id equidem quoties
attenta mente perpendo toties immensum, quo Vestra meritis meis
praeponderat clementia, momentum attonitus miror, veneror humillimus.
Juvenem namque, alienigenam, nullo dum ingenii dato specimine notum,
tanto quod condecorare honore, gratiosissime sitis dignati, cuinam magis
rei adscribam, quam immensae Vestrae benevolentiae et favori inaudito?
Temerarius equidem videri possem, quod nulla tenuitatis meae ratione
habita, hanc amplexus sim provinciam, in qua exequenda, post tantum
Praedecessorem, ne mediocris quidem applausus spes mihi affulget. At
enim inglorius plane sit oportet, animoque nimis abjecto, qui hinc
dignitate, illinc liberalissimo excitatus honorario, torpeat, nascentis
fortunae suae incurius. Me sane, ut ut exiguas probe agnoverim vires,
hi tamen stimuli haud pupugere insensilem: novum insuper admovit calcar
favoris plenissima Vestra, de me meisque studiis concepta, opinio:
animum denique addidit consueta Vobis et propria generosae mentis
indoles, qua ultra, quam juveniles pertingunt vires, a juvene nil
exigitis. His adductus conditionibus accepi munus: his fretus illud
nunc auspicor.
Faciet insculpta animo meo sempiterna hujus Vestrae in me munificentiae
memoria, omnem ut moveam lapidem, ea ne plane indignus videar. Industria
pensabo vires, ingenium assiduitate, labore indefesso aetatem, animo
denique fulciam corpus, et quidquid in utroque est vigoris, totum id
promovendis Academiae commodis unice sacrabo.
Sic, spero, fiet, ut beneficii, a Vobis apud me collocati, Vos non
poeniteat, nec me pudeat accepti. Quod agentem juvet bonorum omnium
scaturigo inexhausta, Deus! A quo et Vobis, ILLUSTRISSIMI ACADEMIAE
PROCERES, perpetuam salutis omnigenae et felicitatis intaminatae
abundantiam, toto ex animo, apprecor.
Ad vos me converto, CELEBERRIMI PROFESSORES! Vos alloquor, Clarissima
hujus Academiae Lumina! Miramini enim, dubio procul, juvenem, plurimis
Vestrum incognitum, nonnulis autem, sexennio vix elapso, inter
discipulos numeratum, eo procedere temeritatis, haec ut conscendat
subsellia, Vestris sacra doctissimis vocibus, Vestris oraculis. At
temeritatem ne putate, quae justa tantum aemulatio est, studiorum
commodis inservitura. Quid quisque possit, nisi tentando, non didicit.
Probabitis itaque ausum huncce meum, meimet ipsius notitiam mihi
exhibiturum, nec sane a fastu, a quo merito sum alienissimus, sed a
latente in praecordiis honestae gloriae igniculo profectum. Juvat
magnorum Virorum ad exempla componi. Vos igitur praeeuntes, a tergo
conspicabor, et, dum nunquam dabitur assequi, saltem ex intervallo
sequar. Quo ipso Vestram non praepediens viam, certa tamen reperero
vestigia, quae gressus dirigent meos, nec aberrare sinent. Hujus interim
beneficii ea erit apud me vis, ut omni vos honoris et observantiae
cultu, pro ea, qua estis, dignitate, venerabundus suspiciam.
Vobis praesertim, qui Philosophiae et Medicinae sacra, tanto cum omnium
applausu, panditis, VIRI FAMIGERATISSIMI! Vobis, dum et publica me et
privata voce formavistis, omnibus et singulis, jubente ita pietate
Praeceptoribus debita, sigulari ut reverentia totum me in aeternum
devoveam, pertinax faciet acceptorum memoria.
Est hinc, cur Tibi, VIR ACUTISSIME, PERSPICACISSIME 'S GRAVESANDE!
publicas hic nunc persolvam grates, quod et privato me labore
inconcussis Mathematicae Tuae Philosophiae praeceptis imbuere non
sis dedignatus.
Tu quoque, ANATOMICORUM DEXTERRIME, SUBTILISSIME ALBINE! Qui, pari
opera, necessariam adeo fabricae humani corporis cognitionem per
aures mihi et oculos infudisti solertissime, animum Tibi meum longe
obstrictissimum nunquam non comperies.
Te vero, CELEBERRIME BOERHAVI! Te cumprimis ni sigillatim hic compellem,
mortalium ingratissimus jure habebor: si quid enim est in me ingenii, si
qua artis Medicae peritia, si qua in Chemicis exercitatio, Tibi ego id
omne soli debeo. Tres alias frequentaveram Tyro Academias, antequam
prospera huc advectus fortuna, Tuo ab ore pependerim. Solam Te penes
addiscere praxim animus erat, studiisque meis Academicis imponere
coronidem: sed vixdum primis gustaveram labiis defoecatissimae Tuae
doctrinae nectar, cum summa ejus dulcedo me mox tantopere rapuit,
ut quidquid vel publicis vel privatis in lectionibus, ad quamcunque
pertinens Medicinae partem, mellifluo ab ore Tuo prodiit, haurire
sategerim avidissimus. Dolens nimirum vidi, fore per temporis mihi
relicti angustiam, ut ablactarer citius, quam satiatus a Te recederem.
Sive itaque vernam dici speciem, amabilissimis horti divitiis mira
suavitate exponendis, dicares, jucundo Botanices studio discipulorum
animos tanto redditurus alacriores ad laborum magis arduorum
tolerantiam; seu inter furnos desudans, ad secretissimos Chemiae
recessus viam monstrares, certo castigatissimae methodi filo tutissimam
pariter ac facillimam; seu exacta ad normam Mathematicam stabilires
Theoriae Medicae fundamenta, quibus mox inaedificares immota Praxeos
dogmata, medendi methodum felicissimum; Te ego secutus undique, illam
potissimum diei partem optime a me collocatam credidi, quam Tibi
consecraveram. Totum ergo Tuum est, si quid isthac mea industria
profeci: Tu ejus omnem fructum, jure Tuo, a me repetis: quod dum gratus
agnosco, poterat id solum Tibi me mille modis in aeternum devincire.
Tu vero, VIR MAXIME! cujus immensa eruditione non minor est singularis
humanitas, hocce beneficium majore alio cumulasti: dum eo quoque
tempore, quo post exactum vitae Academicae curriculum vel exteras
visurus regiones, peregre profectus eram; vel praxeos exercendae
gratia, in aliis hujus Belgii urbibus morabar; quoties aut literis,
aut praesenti Te colloquio solicitavi audax, miro semper favore mihi
vacare, et saluberrima suppeditare consilia non es dedignatus.
Imo ne hic quidem substitit summa Tua in me benevolentia: nam Tibi etiam
debeo, quo nunc impertior, laboris mei praemium. Tu, quod benignum adeo
apud Proceres de me judicium tuleris, effecisti, ut huic admotus muneri,
hoc sim honore ornatus. Dum igitur pluribus Tibi obstringor nominibus,
quam quibus unquam dissolvendis ulla me aetas parem faciet, accipe
gratissimam horumce agnitionem, et sempiternum, quam publice hic nunc
tanquam in tabella suspendo, memoriam in qualiscunque locum Charisterii;
et certus crede, omnibus me nervis eo adnisurum, Tibi ut monstrem,
quam procul absim ab ingrati animi crimine! Plura adjicere Tua vetat
modestia, meusque pudor.
Antequam tamen Te dimittam, jubet nota mihi mearum tenuitas virium, et
operis, quod suscipio, difficultas, Te ut enixe obtester, velis eodem,
quo me huic admovisti, favore, id aggressurum sublevare, et Tuis,
quoties imploravero, sapientissimis mihi consiliis adesse. Tibi, at
quanto Viro! succedo: Tu viae, quam toties trivisti, peritissimus, nisi
praeiveris, omnem despondeo animum: manu igitur me prehende juvenem,
haud aequis passibus Te secuturum; dumque, quo Tua Te divino ingenio
sociata decumana industria provexit in arte, eo eniti insanientis est,
id saltem fac ut laudis consequar, Tuis quod vestigiis reptabundus
quidem, at non indecorus tamen, inhaeream.
Vos denique, PRAESTANTISSIMI JUVENES! Vos, sacrata Philosophiae et
Medicinae Pectora, alloquor! Vestris enim usibus totam se dedicat
Chemia; vestris arctissime copulata studiis haeret. Si quo igitur ejus
amore capti, doluistis, aliquo illam tempore siluisse, erigite nunc
animos! Patet rursum officina: ardebunt furni: accedite, et mecum ad hos
desudate! Suprahumano labore, sedulitate indefessa, sexcentis periculis,
viam ante difficillimam expedivit Chemicorum Summus BOERHAVIUS, et, quo
ipse usus est filo probatissimo, idem bona nobis fide porrigit: hujus
ergo tenaces, Illum sequamur ducem, tuti et felices in artis adyta
penetraturi. Vobis ego me offero comitem, et, si placet, adhortatorem.
Si quid in me est virium, officii, aut consilii, utamini eo pro lubitu;
Vobis id omne dico: Vestris enim prodesse studiis, ea demum est votorum
mihi summa, is laborum finis erit unicus.
DIXI.
* * * * *
[Transcriber's Errata:
Ejusde[m et] Chemiae et Collegii Practico-Medici
_bracketed letters are conjectural_
JOHANNI TRIP, J.U.D. Toparchae in Berkenrode, civitatis
Amstelaedamensis senatori
_text reads_ ...senatorl
utilissimam pariter ac maxime necessariam præstat operam
_text reads_ utillissimam...
Taceo benignissimam ejus operam, qua lethalem nonnullorum corporum
ferociam
_text reads_ ...nonnulorum...
tuti et felices in artis adyta penetraturi
_text reads_ ...penetraruri ]
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