The Project Gutenberg Etext of De Franse Pers, by Heinrich Heine
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Title: De Franse Pers
Author: Heinrich Heine
Release Date: September, 2001 [Etext #2840]
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De Franse Pers
Tot op zekere hoogte is de Franse dagbladpers een oligarchie, zeker
geen democratie. Dat komt, omdat een krant stichten in Frankrijk met
zoveel kosten en moeite gepaard gaat, dat alleen mensen die in staat
zijn zeer grote sommen op tafel te leggen een dagblad kunnen
oprichten. Het zijn dus gewoonlijk kapitalisten, of hier en daar een
industriëel, die het geld voorschieten om een krant te stichten.
Zij speculeren daarbij over de afzet, die het blad zou kunnen vinden
zodra dat zich weet te profileren als het orgaan van de een of
andere partij. Óf, ze koesteren in hun achterhoofd zelfs de
gedachte die titel later, met nog grotere winst, aan de regering te
verkopen, zogauw er een voldoend aantal abonnenten gewonnen is. Die
kranten zijn natuurlijk gedwongen om te dansen naar de pijpen van de
voorhanden zijnde partijen, of van het ministerie, en ze zitten dus in
een heel nauw keurslijf, of wat nog erger is, in een exclusiviteit:
allerlei mededelingen worden gewoon uitgesloten. Haast lijken de
beperkingen van de Dùitse censuur daarbij op een keten van montere
rozenstengels.
De RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF van een Franse krant is eigenlijk een
CONDOTIERRE, een huurlingenleider: hij vecht met zijn collonnes, en
verdedigt de belangen en de passies van de partij die hem ingehuurd
heeft met haar subsidies, of met een gewaarborgde oplage. De
onderredacteurs, zijn luitenants en soldaten dus, gehoorzamen
gedisciplineerd, en ze geven hun artikelen de verwachte tendens en
kleur. Hierdoor bereikt zo'n krant een éénheid en een precisie,
die wij in de verste verte niet genoeg kunnen bewonderen. De
strengste discipline heerst hier, niet alleen in de gedachte, maar ook
in de formulering. En als het dan eens voorkomt, dat de een of andere
verstrooide medewerker een commando niet goed gehoord heeft, en een
stuk schrijft dat niet helemaal aan de CONSIGNES beantwoordt, dan
snijdt de RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF in het vlees van dat opstel, met een
militaire onbarmhartigheid die bij géén Duitse censor te vinden
is. Stel nu: er komt iemand bij die man aan met een stuk, dat de
welbepaalde doeleinden van de krant niet echt schijnt te bevorderen:
het stuk behandelt bijvoorbeeld een thema waar het publiek geen direct
belang bij heeft – en tenslotte is die krant hùn Orgaan –
...dat stuk wordt streng afgewezen, met de sacrale woorden: "CELA
N'ENTRE PAS DANS L'IDÉE DE NOTRE JOURNAL."
Nu is het vandaag zo, dat elke krant hier zijn eigen politieke kleur,
en zijn eigen mooi omlijnde ideeën heeft. Op die manier is het
gemakkelijk te begrijpen, dat iemand, die iets te vertellen heeft wat
daar allemaal een beetje bùiten valt, en dat ook niet goed bij een
partij past – dat die man geen orgaan voor zijn mededelingen zal
vinden. Ja, het kómt voor dat iemand een beetje verder wil gaan
dan de dagelijkse FAITS DIVERS, de zogenaamde actualiteiten; iemand
wil een idee ontwikkelen waar de banale partijkwesties niks mee te
maken hebben – in zijn stuk iets bespreken dat alleen maar de Zaak
van de Mensheid aanbelangt bijvoorbeeld – wel, de redacteurs zullen
zo'n stuk met hoffelijke ironie terugwijzen. Komt daarbij, dat men
tenslotte alleen via de kranten met het publiek kan spreken, en via de
ingezonden stukken en annonces die zij geven: in zulke omstandigheden
is de CHARTE, die aan elke Fransman toelaat om zijn gedachten te laten
drukken, een echte belediging geworden voor de geniale denkers en
wereldburgers die zij zijn. In de praktijk kennen zij helemáál
geen persvrijheid: – "CELA N'ENTRE PAS DANS L'IDÉE DE NOTRE
JOURNAL."
Heinrich Heine
Lutezia
Paris, 3.VI.1840
in: Ernst Elster, 1893
Sämtliche Werke
Meyers Klassiker-Ausgaben
vertaald als radiotekst door Marc Vanfraechem
End of the Project Gutenberg Etext of De Franse Pers, by Heinrich Heine
