Monólogo do Vaqueiro

By Gil Vicente

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Title: Monólogo do Vaqueiro

Author: Gil Vicente

Commentator: Afonso Lopes Vieira

Release Date: January 2, 2008 [EBook #24129]

Language: Portuguese


*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MONÓLOGO DO VAQUEIRO ***




Produced by Vasco Salgado




+GIL VICENTE+

+MONÓLOGO DO VAQUEIRO+


VERTIDO DO CASTELHANO
REPRESENTADO NO TEATRO
D. MARIA II, LISBÔA.

1910.




+MONÓLOGO DO VAQUEIRO+

+OU DA VISITAÇÃO+




Typ. «A Editora»--Conde Barão, 50--Lisbôa




PERSONAGENS DA PRIMEIRA REPRESENTAÇÃO:


_Vaqueiro_--Ignacío Peixoto.
_Rainha D. Maria_--Delfina Cruz.
_Rainha D. Beatriz_--Maria Pia de Almeida.
_Duquesa de Bragança_--Palmira Torres.
_El-Rei D. Manuel_--Pinto Costa.
_Damas_.
_Cortesãos_.
_Pagens_.
_Pastor que traz o cordeirinho_--Adelina Abranches.
_Pastores_.
_Prólogo_--Augusto de Mello.




+Prólogo+




_Prólogo_


SENHORAS E SENHORES:

_Em a noite de 8 de junho de 1502, nesta cidade de Lisbôa,
e na própria câmara da rainha, nasceu o teatro nacional. Nessa
noite, mestre Gil,

  um que não tem nem ceitil
  e faz os aitos a el-rei,

representou, em castelhano, o seu «Monólogo do Vaqueiro», ou
da «Visitação», que ides ouvir, vertido á letra, em português.

Muito antes de Gil Vicente,--certo é e convem recordá-lo--o
povo representava nas igrejas, na largueza dos seus adros ou
á sombra das suas naves, os entremeses hieráticos do nascimento
e da Paixão de Christo e das vidas dos santos, e cantava os
seus vilancicos, bailando suas dansas e folias. Mas o «Monólogo
do Vaqueiro», naquela noite memoravel,--que vamos procurar
reconstituir--começou a fixar e a ordenar o elemento dramático
tradicional, dando-lhe vida eterna.

«A obra de devoção seguinte--diz a rúbrica de Gil Vicente--procedeu
de uma visitação que o autor fez ao parto da muito esclarecida
rainha D. Maria, e nascimento do mui alto e excelente príncepe
D. João, o terceiro em Portugal de este nome.»

E foi--continua a rúbrica--«a primeira coisa que o autor fez
e que em Portugal se representou, estando o mui poderoso rei
D. Manuel, a rainha D. Beatriz, sua mãe, e a senhora duquesa
de Bragança sua filha, na segunda noite do nascimento do dito
senhor.»

«E estando esta companhia assim junta--conclue a rúbrica--entrou
um Vaqueiro...»

Senhoras e senhores: o teatro português vai nascer--e Gil Vicente
vai entrar em scena!_




  ... desconveniente era fugir da lingua que mamey e buscar
  outra prestada pera falar aos meus naturais.

          SAMUEL USQUE.


  _Consolaçam ás Tribulaçoens de Israel._




+Monólogo do Vaqueiro+




Ouve-se, fóra de scena, o vozeio dos guardas do paço, e entra
logo, vestido de briche e ceifões de pele, manta do Alentejo
ao hombro, e cajado de azambujeiro na mão, o


  _Vaqueiro:_

Apre!, que sete impurrões
me ferrarram á entrada,
mas eu dei uma punhada
num de aqueles figurões.
Porém, se de tal soubera,
não viera;
e, vindo, não entraria;
e se entrasse, eu olharia
de maneira
que nenhum me chegaria.
Mas, está feito, está feito;
e, se se fôr a apurar,
já que entrei neste lugar
tudo me sae em proveito.
Té me regala ver coisas
tão formosas,
que se fica parvo a vê-las!
Eu remiro-as, porém ellas,
de lustrosas,
a nós outros são danosas.

  _«Fala á Rainha»_

Meu caminho não errou?
Deus queira que seja aqui,
que eu já pouco sei de mi,
nem deslindo aonde estou.
Nunca vi cabana tal
em especial
tão notavel de memória:
esta deve ser a glória
principal
do paraiso terreal!

Seja que não seja, embora,
quero dizer ao que venho,
não diga que me detenho
a nossa aldeia já agora.
Por ella vim saber cá
se certo é
que pariu Vossa Nobreza?
Crei' que sim, que Vossa Alteza
tal está
que de isto mesmo dá fé.

Mui alegre e prazenteira,
mui ufana e esclarecida,
mui perfeita e mui luzida,
muito mais que de antes era.
Oh!, que bem tão principal,
universal!
Nunca se viu prazer tal!
Por minha fé--vou saltar!
Eh!, zagal,
diz' lá, diz' lá:--saltei mal?

Quem queres que não rebente
de alegria e gasalhado!
De todos tão desejado,
este príncepe excelente,
oh!, que rei terá de ser!
A meu ver,
deviamos pôr em gritos
a alegria e a esperança,
que até os nossos cabritos
desde hontem, co'a folgança,
não cuidam já de pascer.

E todo o gado retouça,
toda a tristeza se quita;
com esta nova bemdita
todo a mundo se alvoroça.
oh!, que alegria tamanha,
a montanha
e os prados refloriram,
porque agora se cumpriram
cá nesta mesma cabana
todas as glórias de Espanha.

Que grão prazer sentirá
a grão côrte castelhana!
Quão alegre e quão ufana
a vossa mãe não estará,
e, á uma, toda a nação!
Com razão,
que de tal rei procedeu
o mais nobre que nasceu:
seu pendão
não sofre comparação.

Que pai, que filho, e que mãe!
Oh!, que avó, que avós os seus!
E suas tias, tambem!
Bemdito o Senhor dos céus
porque ell' tal familia tem!
Viva o príncepe logrado
que é o bem aparentado!

Se agora vagar tivera
e depressa não viera,
maldito seja eu então
se aqui a conta não dera
de esta sua geração.
Será rei Dom João Terceiro,
o herdeiro
da fama que nos deixaram,
nos tempos em que reinaram,
o Segundo e o Primeiro
e ind'outros que passaram.

Mas ficaram-me lá fóra
uns trinta ou mais companheiros,
pastores, zagaes, porqueiros,
e vou chamá-los agora;
elles trazem p'ra o nascido
esclarecido,
ovos e leite fresquinhos,
e um cento de bolinhos;
mais trouxeram
queijos, mel--o que puderam...

E ora os quero ir chamar,
mas, por via dos puxões,
agarrem os figurões
p'ra gente poder entrar.


Ouve-se ao longe, uma gaita de foles.

«Entram certas figuras de pastores e oferecem ao príncepe os
ditos presentes.»




+Nota+




_Nota_


Quando comecei a traduzir este lindo monólogo, os versos
entraram logo a construir-se espontâneos na nossa linguagem. E
tão facil foi o trabalho, que apenas o verso:

  Juri á Sanjunco santo!,

que representa o pitoresco de uma exclamação sem sentido em
português, não entra nesta versão quase justalinear. Passado
á nossa lingua, depois de tantos annos ter incerrada no seu
duro castelhano a doce alma portuguesa, parece-me que o monólogo
ganhou em lirismo,--o lirismo que a nossa linguagem impresta
ás falas sinceras que do seu ritmo se ajudam. Porque onde o
castelhano, aspirado e cerrado, põe a força e o garbo--e põe-nos
até na doçura--o português requebra a modulação suave do
seu tom menor. Estranho parecerá que nenhum dos nossos homens
de teatro (que o autor de estas linhas não é) se não lembrasse
ha muito de trazer para a scena este monólogo incantador, esta
peça da mais viva poesia, integrando na decorativa moldura da
reconstituição histórica, a figura desimpenada do _Vaqueiro_. Quando
este aparece na câmara da rainha, perseguido pelos guardas que
lhe estorvam a passagem,--é, em verdade, o Povo que aparece,
falando de mão a mão ao seu rei, na consciência da sua força
meiga e orgulhosa!

É o Povo, a criança admirativa, que é doida por livros de
imagens, quem se boquiabre ante a câmara sumptuosa, cuja riqueza,
entanto, lhe provoca desconfianças; e em cujo sobrado precioso,
planta todavia com firmeza os seus rudos sapatos, afeitos a
trilhar calhaus de serra. É elle ainda quem dirige á rainha,
com uma familiaridade tocante e tão graciosa, as preguntas
extra-protocolares, de gótica simplecidade:

  se certo é
  que pariu Vossa Nobreza?,

e quem logo descobre, no rosto da mulher desfalecida e incantada,
o indício da alegria maternal, que a seguir descreve em versos
admiraveis, cuja adjectivação nos faz _ver_ a radiação moral
de aquele rosto.

É sempre o Povo quem ali descortina, por obra do seu fresco
sentimento, para àlem da alegria dinástica, que celebra,--a
alegria da familia, que o comove. E esta, ao descer por um
instante do trono mais poderoso da sua época, por um instante
tambem nos entra no coração, quando a minúcia atenciosa do
_Vaqueiro_ nomeia a um e um os membros da familia:

  Que pai, que filho, e que mãe!
  Oh que avó, que avós os seus!
  E suas tias, tambem!

É o Povo, e só podia ser elle, quem ao príncepe, futuro senhor
do mundo, oferta com tão nobre franqueza os seus pobres e rústicos
presentes, cuja alta beleza não sonha; e quem lhe traz,--com as
desculpas indispensaveis ainda hoje nas nossas províncias,--os
queijos e os ovos, o leite e o mel... Nenhuma página de Gil
Vicente se me afigura portanto mais viva, mais espontânea do
que esta, que nos recorda um episódio de presépio, pintado
em fundo azul por um Giotto um pouco tardio, estranho aos
esplendores mais deslumbrantes mas menos sentidos da Renascença,
e que pôde guardar, do íntimo contato com a natureza e com
seus irmãos, uma frescura de menino entre doutores.

Na nossa hora incerta, ao mesmo tempo triste e renascente,
consolêmo-nos com estas belas redondilhas do _Vaqueiro_, que
vem a casa dos grandes, iluminá-los e incantá-los um momento
com a graça da sua cândida alegria. E emquanto se não funda
em Portugal a _Sociedade Luis de Camões_, sobre o molde da
_Sociedade Dante Alighieri_--lar do pensamento italiano--e a
que pertençam homens sinceros de todas as classes, vindos de
todas as escolas filosóficas, de todas as crenças religiosas,
intimamente congregados em promover um _moderno_ amor da patria,
á roda de esse nome que para sempre nos simboliza,--consolêmo-nos,
sobretudo, acreditando que o povo, donde esse pastor saíu, guarda
no fundo da alma,--onde dormem ainda, para lentas desabrocharem,
forças indómitas e novas,--esse mesmo poder de saudar e estremecer,
não já um príncepe que nasce, mas uma terra redimida que quer
viver e amar!


Fevereiro de 1910.




ERRATA


Da infelicidade da composição,
      erros da escritura
e outras imperfeições da estampa,
    não ha que dizer-vos:
--vós os vêdes, vós os castigae.


_D. Francisco Manuel._




AFFONSO LOPES VIEIRA

O Povo e os poetas portugueses (conferência realizada no
teatro D. Maria II, e vendida a favor da Escola-monumento
João de Deus, em Lisbôa)--preço, 200 réis.





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