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Title: 100 professions for women
Author: Betty Van Deventer
Editor: E. Haldeman-Julius
Release date: June 20, 2026 [eBook #78898]
Language: English
Original publication: Girard: Haldeman-Julius Publications, 1928
Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/78898
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 100 PROFESSIONS FOR WOMEN ***
LITTLE BLUE BOOK NO. 705
Edited by E. Haldeman-Julius
100 Professions for
Women
Betty Van Deventer
HALDEMAN-JULIUS PUBLICATIONS
GIRARD, KANSAS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright, 1928,
Haldeman-Julius Company.
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 PROFESSIONS FOR WOMEN
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE FOR WOMEN
Fifteen years ago few women entered business or professional lives from
choice. The woman who had no husband, father, or brother to support her
was considered unfortunate. Woman’s delicate constitution was not
considered consonant with the harsh, hurrying world of business.
How times have changed! And how rapidly! Pride in economic independence
is expressed ubiquitously today by women who earn their own living.
There are fewer and fewer examples of the pitiful “poor relation” who
must find her food and lodging in the home of some more affluent
relative.
Daughters of wealthy parents today plan careers. Although they will
never have to earn their actual livings, they want the thrill of
business, and the knowledge that they possess the ability to make their
own ways in the world.
The bachelor girl takes the place of the simpering old maid. In place of
a parrot, knitting, and a porch rocking chair, the modern unmarried
woman has the interest of the whole world through her business
connections.
If the married woman of today does not relish housework, she is at
liberty to have a career in the business world. The percentage of
married women who are working grows surprisingly every year, especially
in the larger cities where more opportunities are found. The war, of
course, gave a great impetus to this movement. Many women who had done
war-time work found they could not be happy when they returned to the
humdrum roles of housekeepers. Something was lacking—an excitement, an
interest in big accomplishment rather than merely seeing that the
breakfast dishes got washed. Just so with the girls who work before they
are married. They may decide to settle down to being old-fashioned
wives, wives who cook, mend, sweep, and wash for friend husband. Soon
the novelty palls, and, in the great majority of cases, these young
women return to their business lives.
The greatest urge which women feel to earn their own livings is the
glorious feeling of independence! No more asking father for money, no
more explanations to friend husband about needing a new hat! Many wives
have to plead for spending money, have to accept it as a gift. Is it to
be wondered that they prefer their own pay envelopes?
Economic independence for women is here to stay! Having tasted this
divine nectar of freedom, women will not give it up. Nor would the
average man have them. Business women of intelligence are very
interesting. They have more in common with their men friends than the
sheltered, stay-at-home girl. Men find real companionship with the
well-informed woman. She need not lose her feminine charm and delicacy
just because she happens to work in an office. For a long time there
will probably be a sex jealousy between men and women in business. The
homo sapiens just can’t get over—at least not very quickly—his idea that
he stands supreme in the realms of business. It is up to the woman of
tomorrow to show that she can hold the place she has won in the world of
business affairs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEW FIELDS OPEN TO WOMEN
The pre-war woman who faced the problem of earning a living had few
doors open to her knocking. She might be a teacher or a stenographer. In
this post-war era practically no line of endeavor has not been
trespassed upon by woman. The sacred professions of law, medicine, and
engineering have been invaded until woman’s place in these realms ceases
to be criticized.
Ability is the first reason for the success of women in industry. The
feminine point of view has proved its worth in practically every form of
marketing. As women do the great majority of the retail buying in the
United States, women have been able to show the way to sell most
effectively.
It was predicted that women would not be able to stand the physical
strain of the work-a-day world. While they do not possess the endurance
which men have, they have proved constitutionally equal to their tasks.
After all, housework is not a light physical labor and women have
managed to do this for a long, long time. Fatigue is accentuated with
boredom. Business offers more variety than sweeping and dusting.
Another factor which must not be overlooked in this analysis of the
woman in business is the economic. Women will work for less money than
men will. Consequently, women have been employed many times to take the
place of men. This has made some sex antagonism. As women become more
experienced, they demand more money, although the rate of compensation
for the same work is less for women. This should and will be adjusted in
time.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 PAYING PROFESSIONS
Every girl should be equipped to earn a good living. Parents of today
talk about fitting a girl for a business life just as much as a boy. Of
course, the better trained person, the better educated man or woman
makes a greater success in life. Girls should find where their
interests, propensities, and abilities lie, and should begin early in
life to develop these.
The following pages give descriptions and enlightenment on a hundred
professions in which women engage today. As this is an age of
specialization, the peak of each profession will be emphasized. Many of
the seemingly routine types of work can be made most interesting and
valuable by specialization. The girl or woman starting a business career
will do well to consider the many occupations open to her, and to choose
with greatest wisdom. In business one may as well reach the top—it will
prove not only more remunerative, but infinitely more interesting.
The woman who has capital will be wise to launch a business for herself
if she is well-equipped to handle this business. This is an excellent
time for women to go into business for themselves. Here they can compete
on equal footing with men. Profits take no consideration of sex. If the
woman with capital is trained, she will be most injudicious if she does
not acquire some experience in the same type of business she intends to
operate. For example, suppose a woman wishes to start a dress shop. It
will be well worth her while to work in a department store, a wholesale
house, and a specialty shop before she starts out on her own. She must
become educated in her business. She will be ahead even if she spends
several years acquainting herself with all possible aspects of the dress
business. Countless costly mistakes will be avoided.
In the following resumés, the more unusual and the newer professions
have been accentuated as they will prove of greatest interest to the
girl or woman personally curious about the possibilities which the
modern business world offers.
(1.) _Accountant._ To become a private or public accountant, a woman
must have considerable business experience and must know the practices
of bookkeeping thoroughly. An accountant records, analyzes, and
interprets the businesses of private individuals or of corporations.
Auditing, which checks up the records of a business, is a form of
accounting.
The height of the profession is to become a Certified Public Accountant.
One must pass rigid examinations to earn this title. Some women are
registered accountants and practice successfully.
Salaries for accountants are above the average, ranging from $35 a week
to $100. Certified Public Accountants are in business for themselves, of
course, and when they are successful they earn very substantial incomes.
(2.) _Actress._ The stage today wants not only beautiful but
accomplished girls. The young woman who cannot offer dramatic ability
and training, or dancing, singing, or some other definite thing, will
have a difficult time making her way behind the footlights.
Vaudeville, the legitimate stage, and the movies all offer chances for
fame and fortune. The chorus girl makes from $35 to $75 a week. The
extra in the movie game must provide her own wardrobe. Work as an extra
is uncertain and pays from $8 to $15 a day.
Stars in any of the theatrical fields earn very high salaries, but only
while the shows are playing. They live expensive lives as they can be
assured of no permanency of location.
(3.) _Adjustor._ Large corporations dealing with the public often employ
women to adjust difficulties which naturally arise in transactions.
Department stores, for example, have adjustors to handle merchandise and
service complaints from customers.
Adjustors must have good general educations, patience, and must make a
good appearance. The salaries paid to them range from $25 to $50 a week.
(4.) _Advertising Women._ Advertising is a field which offers limitless
possibilities to women. Prejudice against them in this work is little,
and their feminine point of view is considered most desirable.
Copywriters, who write the text of advertisements, receive from $25 to
$100 a week in salary. Account experts in advertising agencies receive
as much as $200 a week. Women today occupy many executive positions
which pay excellent salaries.
Manufacturing plants, wholesalers, public utility organizations, mills,
banks, department stores, and many other business enterprises employ
women for advertising.
(5.) _Americanization Work._ The war brought to a focus the need for
teaching our great foreign population the meaning of the American
government and the traditions of this country. Social workers were
employed for this purpose. Schools now train students to teach
Americanization. The foreign-born man or woman is taught enough so that
he or she can intelligently pass the examinations for citizenship.
Classes in English are held. Thus the parents do not get out of sympathy
with their children who learn Americanisms in school.
College educations are usually required for Americanization workers. Pay
probably averages from $1,800 to $2,400 a year.
(6.) _Antique Dealer._ The desire for antiques has spread over the
country. Furniture, glass, and metal objects are at a premium provided
they can be declared antique.
Stores selling furniture and interior decorators employ women who know
antiques. Many books have been written upon the subject. It is an
interesting new field, especially adapted to women as they have an
interest in home decorations.
(7.) _Archeologist._ Archeology is the interpretation of past ages in
the light of relics which are found of their civilizations. Exploration
to find the relics must be made. Then examination and conclusions
concerning the relics are made. Eventually historical data is
established and written.
Women are successful in archeology. They are members of expeditions as
well as students in the field. A great background of history and science
is required to be an archeologist.
(8.) _Architect._ The master builders of today are not all men. Many
women have entered the field of architecture and have made remarkable
progress. Especially in the planning of homes do women excel. Large
firms employ women to go over plans to see that the kitchen arrangements
for a house or an apartment building are proper, to consider proportions
of rooms for decorating purposes, and to specialize on clothes and linen
closet plans. Women have also successfully designed public buildings.
Of course, a college education is necessary for the woman architect. She
will earn a good living if she is skillful.
(9.) _Artist._ The emancipated woman enters the field of creative art on
an equal footing with men. Writers, etchers, painters, sculptors, and
musicians number many women among their famous today.
As a profession, commercial art offers interesting occupation to women.
Art applied to business, and particularly to advertising illustration
may be studied in almost every city. Women who draw figures are called
fashion artists. Others do lettering, decorative borders, etc.
Artists on salary receive from $15 to $100 a week.
(10.) _Athletic Coach._ Girls’ schools and colleges now stress
intra-mural athletics and competent coaches are engaged. Some large
business corporations also employ athletic coaches. Usually the coach is
athletic herself and has had training in coaching. Wellesley offers an
excellent course for coaches. Salaries range from $1,500 to $2,800 a
year.
Swimming coaches in schools, clubs, and at beaches can earn good livings
teaching children and adults how to swim. The Red Cross employs
lifesaving teachers.
(11.) _Aviatrix._ Not to be outdone by man on land or sea—or in the
air—milady has put on goggles and climbed into the pilot’s seat of an
airplane. Flying schools report that women make adept pupils. At first
women were only stunt and feature flyers. Some went in for parachute
jumping. Today women are entering the field of transportation aviation.
The industry is so new that no standards of compensation have been set.
(12.) _Banker._ Banks have employed women in clerical positions for a
long, long time. It is a fairly recent development to give women
executive positions in banks. Today many business women are large
customers of banks. They can now consult with women executives in banks.
These women are called investment advisers. Other positions in banks
filled by women are: teller, accountant, secretary, vice-president,
treasurer and even president.
(13.) _Beauty Expert._ This includes barbers, manicurists, masseuses,
marcellers, etc. The woman who can give fashionable bobs is in great
demand. So is the expert marceller. Masseuses are employed by clubs,
hotels, and Turkish baths. Reliable beauty culture schools give courses
of six weeks to three months duration. The beauty parlor operator will
earn from $20 to $50 a week.
(14.) _Biologist._ Besides teaching, women biologists find employment in
federal, state, or community laboratories analyzing foods, studying
water impurities, and even pathological plant life. The Department of
Agriculture employs a number of women biologists in their experimental
laboratories. The pay is rather small, averaging from $1,200 to $2,000 a
year. Great study is necessary for biologists, usually advanced
university degrees.
(15.) _Bookkeeper._ This seems to be one of the less attractive
professions for women. As it is almost mechanical, the woman with
original thoughts will not wish to remain in this type of work
indefinitely. It does offer good business training for the girl fresh
from high school or business college. It is a trade which is an asset,
too, as a woman can almost always find a job if she is a bookkeeper.
Salaries vary from $12 a week to $40.
(16.) _Botanist._ Research work in botany offers attractive
possibilities to trained women. Botany as applied to agriculture is the
chief present commercial use. Development of new and better species of
producing plants are studied. Botany deals with all plant life. Botany
is taught in many grade schools and in practically all high schools and
colleges. Women fill these teaching positions very well.
(17.) _Broker._ Brokers are mediums of communication between buyers and
sellers. Women serve as brokers in real estate transactions, in stock
and bond deals, etc. One woman has made a reputation as a produce broker
in New York. She buys farm produce, chickens, eggs, etc., from produce
houses throughout the country and sells these to commission merchants in
New York.
Women brokers are almost always in business for themselves, although
they may be employed in brokerage offices. They have undoubtedly had
years of business experience before they have entered this fascinating
but risky form of business.
(18.) _Buyer._ Buying for retail businesses is a great and extensive
venture. Buyers occupy important positions in all department stores.
They usually have risen from the ranks of salesgirls, although the
modern tendency is to train college graduates for buying positions. A
buyer must be shrewd as well as versed in the articles she is choosing.
Ready-to-wear buyers are perhaps the most important in the store world.
They command large salaries, and must, in turn, make sizable profits for
their employers. In department stores the pay to buyers runs from $40 a
week to $15,000 to $20,000 a year for the executive buyers.
(19.) _Budget Adviser._ The modern housewife runs her home on a budget.
She keeps track of what she has spent, and she makes systematic plans
for what she will spend.
Banks, trust companies, etc., employ women to give advice on budgets.
Stores also have budget advisers. These experts figure out what
percentage of incomes should be spent for rent, for food, for
entertainment, for charity, for education, etc. They advise the public.
They are paid not by the public but by companies which offer their
services.
(20.) _Camp Counselor._ Thousands of camps for girls are maintained
every summer all over the country. The capable woman with some income
who wishes to work for part of a year will do well to look into the
positions of camp counselors. These adults direct the girls in
athletics, in school work (where courses are being made up), and in
social activities. Camp counselors should know out-of-door life and
should like to be with girls.
(21.) _Cashier._ A cashier is vested with much responsibility, although
she is generally heavily insured, and she receives only fair pay. Her
work is almost automatic, dealing with the making of change and the
balancing of cash. Work as a cashier does not hold out a great future
for a girl. Pay ranges from $12 a week to $25.
(22.) _Cataloguer._ Private and public libraries employ specialists to
do their cataloguing. Collectors of any rare objects of art or science
have these treasures catalogued when their number has reached a
sufficient volume.
Studious, earnest girls can do this work and it often proves interesting
to list the collection of years’ labor. Pay is small, averaging not more
than $25 a week at the most.
(23.) _Caterer._ The caterer prepares the food for large banquets, for
parties, or merely for home entertainment. She must be an expert in the
culinary line.
This is a good business for the housewife to enter, provided she is
untrained in another field. She solicits the lodges, clubs, churches,
and homes for patrons. She suggests to them appetizing refreshments, and
she then has these foods prepared in her place of business, and she must
deliver them in good condition. The caterer also sends experienced
people to serve the food. Dishes, linens, and silver may be rented from
the caterer.
(24.) _Chauffeur._ During the war, girls demonstrated that they could
drive ambulances, and many of these weren’t light cars. In Philadelphia
recently a taxicab company started with only girls for their chauffeurs.
The girls are clad in natty, well-tailored uniforms, and they give
efficient, courteous service to their customers. They report that they
are not molested by flirtatious men. These girls have gone through a
course of automobile mechanics.
(25.) _Chemist._ There are many openings today for women chemists. They
may teach, do research work, or enter the wide field of applied
chemistry. Practically all high schools and colleges employ chemistry
teachers. The government has many openings for chemists in the following
departments: the Bureau of Standards, the Bureau of Engraving, the
United States Public Health Service, and the Bureau of Chemistry. State
and municipal governments also have need of chemists.
Industry utilizes the science of chemistry extensively. Experiments for
future developments as well as tests of present productions are made.
The woman chemist can do as well as the man, provided she has good
training.
Chemistry has a great future in industry. It serves not only the purpose
of testing products but of developing great, new accomplishments. A
chemist receives a fair salary, but will never get rich quickly from
this profession. Women who are chemical laboratory workers receive from
$20 to $65 a week.
(26.) _Companion._ Here is a genteel, pleasant profession for the woman
who fears to meet the bustling, strenuous business world. Many wealthy
women and many invalids employ companions. The duties of these employees
are centered in keeping their employers comfortable and interested.
Today the demand is for women of culture as companions. Take invalids,
for example; they will want some companionship as well as some care.
Women of means sometimes employ traveling companions. Their duties
consist of taking care of reservations, accompanying their employers on
boats, trains, and other excursions. They are expected to make
themselves generally agreeable as well as useful. One duty of the
companion is to read aloud. She must do this with intelligence and
interest.
All of the expenses of the companion are paid. She can have little
separate life of her own. She will receive from $50 to $150 a month.
(27.) _Comparative Shopper._ The majority of large stores in this
country maintain shopping departments, or, as they are often called,
comparative values departments. It is the duty of these departments to
see that no other stores in the same locality undersell their store. For
example, they compare the merchandise in the various departments with
the same merchandise in other stores and report the differences in
price.
For this type of work, stores like to employ women for part time,
although full time comparative shopping jobs are given. The shopper must
not become known in other stores. This is a good occupation for married
women who know the values of merchandise and who wish to devote part of
their time to earning money.
For full time work comparative shopping pays about $25 a week in large
stores. Part time workers are paid from 50 cents to $1 an hour.
(28.) _Comptometer Operators._ In big businesses much of the clerical
work is done on adding and other calculating machines. Today business
schools offer courses to train girls to run these machines with speed
and efficiency. These girls are called comptometer operators. Their work
is purely mechanical, and practice makes them improve in speed. If a
girl wants this type of work, she is paid fairly well. Novices usually
start at $15 or $20 a week. The most expert and swift comptometer
operators will not make over $50 a week.
(29.) _Cook._ Girls who love the mystery and the excitement of mixing
flour, sugar, and eggs together must not turn up their noses at the idea
of cooking as a profession. Of course, it is not meant that these girls
will go in private homes as servants. Today a cook in a great hotel,
club, or restaurant is an honored person and must be an educated person.
He or she must know values of foodstuffs, the chemistry of cooking, and
the likes and dislikes of the great and petulant public. The histories
of foods of foreign countries must also be familiar to them.
Chefs, or cooks, in hotels and clubs receive very good salaries. The
most famous of them are said to earn $10,000 a year. That is unusual, of
course. The average good cook in a public eating place receives from $40
to $100 a week. They have their assistants to do the menial work, and
only the general planning and supervising is left for them.
(30.) _Copyist._ This work is semi-artistic. Today manufacturers of
style merchandise, including clothing and accessories, are constantly on
the lookout for something new. They buy models from Paris and other
fashion centers and want them copied in perhaps less expensive
materials. Copyists not only reproduce models patterned after originals,
but they copy styles of other concerns, of retail stores, of any new
style source which they can find. They must be able to recognize new
styles and to sketch them not artistically, but understandably. Salaries
paid vary from $15 a week to $35. Of course, New York, Chicago and other
large cities are the only localities for copyists.
(31.) _Correspondent._ This does not refer to legal situations.
Correspondents handle the letters of organizations. Many times they have
charge of form letters which are used for usual queries. The heads of
correspondent departments are usually responsible women who must meet
situations with common sense. Correspondents also write letters for
companies. Therefore, they must know the English language and its use in
business letters. Correspondents in smaller concerns write their own
letters, therefore a knowledge of typewriting is required. In larger
concerns they dictate either to stenographers or dictaphones.
(32.) _Credit Women._ Here is an interesting occupation for the keen,
alert woman. Today much business is done on credit. Every organization
which sells on time as well as every organization which maintains thirty
day credit must have people to pass on the desirability of applicants.
Past credit records must be investigated. Almost all cities of any size
have credit rating companies. Thus professional deadbeats cannot keep up
their game as their reputations are recorded.
It is not uncommon for a store to have a woman as credit manager. Her
job is important and well paid. The girl who would enjoy such a type of
work should get a job in a credit office of a store or in a credit
bureau. She will learn the business from the ground up—and it is a
calling which has a future. Salaries paid to credit managers range from
$1,800 a year to $6,000. Women seem to be particularly successful in
this certain profession and there seems to be little prejudice against
them as credit executives.
(33.) _Critic._ Critics are supposedly students who are educated in
literature, in painting, in music, or in any other art, and can
crystallize their impressions and beliefs into convincing form for the
public.
Newspapers have dramatic, music, and art critics. The movie critic, too,
is not to be overlooked as she is often a woman. Women make good
critics—as any husband will testify. Seriously speaking, they have the
analytic faculty and it is being recognized by newspapers and magazines
who need this writing.
When critics get reputations, they often add lecturing to their means of
earning money. Lecture bureaus furnish speakers for hundreds of clubs
and schools all over the country.
One cannot get to be a critic in a day. One must first become an expert
in judging some particular form of art and must acquire a reputation not
only for sagacity but for clarity in expressing points of view. The
financial standings of critics vary greatly. Those with commanding names
draw the large salaries while the minor ones are paid only fairly well.
(34.) _Demonstrator._ Many new devices have been introduced into
American homes by demonstrators. Consider vacuum cleaners, for example.
Women often do this demonstrating. Stores, too, have demonstrators for
beauty culture articles such as creams, powders, etc. Electrical
refrigeration companies, gas and electric stove companies, and many
other organizations of similar type use women demonstrators. To be a
demonstrator a woman must have a clean appearance. She must be able to
answer questions sensibly and convincingly. Demonstration gives women a
chance to travel, an aspect which appeals to the more adventurous
younger generation. Chances for futures in this work are not as good as
in many other lines, but the work itself is interesting. Salaries range
from $18 a week to $35.
(35.) _Dentist._ Dentistry has been attracting women for quite a number
of years. It is a technical profession in which women have made a good
name for their sex. Women dentists seem to be particularly successful
with children patients; perhaps they have a better understanding of the
emotions of children which dental work surely calls forth.
The value of teaching children how to care for their teeth has been
realized and women dentists are employed to teach dental hygiene in
schools, settlement houses, etc.
Many institutions have resident dentists who care for the teeth of their
employees. Such institutions include stores, factories, large insurance
houses, banks, etc. Women fill these institutional jobs most
satisfactorily. Salaries paid to resident dentists vary from $1,800 to
$3,600 a year.
(36.) _Designer._ Designing is one of the most fascinating and
successful fields for women to enter, provided they have the talent and
the training. Almost every article manufactured is first designed—which
includes the conceiving of the object and its practical planning. Women
designers enter every field—including the designing of furniture,
lighting fixtures, fabrics, apparel, and costumes.
The fabric designer has a fascinating work. She deals with colors, with
designs, and with all the practical sides of the manufacture of a
printed or blocked material. Cretonne designing is a gigantic business
in itself. Think of the hundreds of different patterns turned out every
year. These must all be designed first. Art schools specialize in fabric
designing courses.
Costume designing is an alluring occupation. Almost every New York
dramatic production has its costume designer. Of course, any historical
presentation must be correctly as well as beautifully costumed. Revues
and musical comedies make a great thing of gorgeous, bizarre, and
exquisite costuming. Again, some expert designer has worked out the
costumes.
The greatest commercial use of designing is in the manufacture of
wearing apparel—dresses, coats, hats, scarfs, lingerie, etc. Every
season the designers must anticipate the popular trends of styles and
make garments which will meet the demands of the public. Paris is
followed closely. The designer must also be a business woman as she can
suggest only styles which lend themselves to sensible manufacturing.
When the expense of a garment does not matter, she is not so limited.
When, however, she is designing a dress to sell at a certain price, she
must take into account the amount of material required, the workmanship,
the trimmings, etc.
The most prominent designers spend much time abroad, always on the
lookout for new and feasible ideas. Their expenses, of course, are paid.
Salaries for designers have a wide range, depending upon originality and
experience as well as technical ability. Beginners start at $35 a week.
Some of the famous designers are reputed to command salaries as great as
$50,000 a year. While there are many competent men in this species of
work, woman holds her own without a single apology.
(37.) _Detective._ Employment may be obtained by women on both private
and government detective forces. In private agencies, women often prove
valuable as they can work subtly. A good looking woman with brains can
find out many secrets which a male detective would never discover in a
hundred years. Women detectives are required to go into many dubious
places and they must run up against unpleasant and sometimes dangerous
people. For the woman who likes excitement, the work might be pleasing.
Policewomen now patrol dance halls, theatres, and other public places of
amusement. They have as their province the safety of the girl in the
city. Policewomen are usually at least thirty years old, sensible, and
with a social point of view on the problems of women and girls.
The secret service, the aristocracy of this type of work, too, employs
women. This verges on diplomatic work.
Salaries paid to private women detectives vary from $20 to $75 a week.
Policewomen receive the same remuneration that policemen do.
(38.) _Diplomat._ For all time women have played their unofficial parts
in the diplomatic world. Who, for example, is more important than the
wife of an ambassador or of a consul? It is only recently, however, that
she has been admitted into the consular service of the United States. At
present there are only a few vice-consuls who are women. However, the
barrier is down now and more women will fill these positions in the
future.
To enter the consular service, women, just like men, must take the
consular examination in Washington. Pay is very small and an outside
income is most useful to those in the diplomatic service.
(39.) _Doctor._ In all branches of the profession hundreds of women are
doing splendid work. An increasing number of students who register in
medical colleges are women. Their scholastic standing equals those of
the men students. Now the prejudice against women doctors is greatly
overcome. Hospitals which used to discriminate against them have ceased
to do so, and many women internes are found in the leading hospitals of
the country.
Women enter general medical practice as well as the specializations of
the calling. In Pediatrics, or the science of children’s health, women
are singularly successful. A Pediatrist cares for children from birth to
the age of sixteen.
In medicine there are institutional opportunities for women in schools,
hospital staffs, and large corporations. Practically all girls’ schools
and women’s colleges have women doctors.
In public health work, too, women doctors are in demand. Many women who
write a Dr. in front of their names go in for medical research work, a
limitless and valuable domain. Here they study the natures and try to
find out the causes of many diseases which ravage the world.
Dietetics is an interesting medical profession. Women can be dietitians
without graduating from medical school and entering the profession. All
hospitals and sanitariums of any size employ dietitians.
Women doctors in institutions may earn from $2,400 to $10,000 a year.
The study of medicine and the preparation for the profession is a
difficult, long process. Seven years is the average medical course in a
college. Then a year to two years of interneship in a hospital is
required. Specialization demands further study.
(40.) _Draftsman._ A draftsman draws plans for machinery, structures, or
places. Women have done this highly technical work well. They must be
trained in this particular kind of work thoroughly. High schools
frequently offer courses in draftsmanship. Engineering colleges almost
always teach it. Unless a girl is very mechanically minded and likes the
detail work involved, this profession does not offer an unusual amount
of inducement.
(41.) _Dramatic Coach or Director._ In school work, community pageants,
and on the professional stage, women have the chance to direct plays and
other theatrical presentations. The woman who wants to adopt this work
should know the art of elocution, the literature of the stage, and the
principles of scenic and lighting effects. She must have the ability to
direct a whole organization.
Dramatic coaching in schools is usually done in conjunction with some
other work, usually teaching. The coach helps the students to prepare
and present their class plays and their other school entertainments.
In this country there are bureaus which provide coaches to clubs, to
civic governments, and to any person or organization which intends to
put on a play, a pageant, or a festival.
The field of directing commercial dramas is dominated by men. Still,
women do act as dramatic directors and several have made outstanding
successes in this work. It is a hard profession to enter. Eva La
Galliene, for example, directs her repertoire theater. She arrived at
this position after years of work as an actress. She still acts in her
presentations.
(42.) _Editor._ Newspapers, magazines, and publishing houses maintain
staffs of editors. It is their duty to accept material and to see that
it is in proper condition for publication.
In the newspaper game, not many women become managing editors. The
common editorial positions which women fill are: society editor, fashion
editor, home economics editor, and school editor.
Magazines and publishing houses value the services of women editors
greatly. The fashion magazines must be run by women. Fiction, travel,
and informative current event magazines all employ women in editorial
capacities.
The feminine point of view is important to publishers. Women edit, as a
rule, the children’s books. To become an editor, one must have a good
education, be and remain well-read, and know what the public will buy.
The ability to recognize merit in new writers is also important.
Editorial positions on magazines pay quite well, ranging, for
assistants, from $40 a week to $10,000 and even more for full-fledged
editors. In the publishing world, editors do not receive such good
money. The field is always full as many a college girl plans and hopes
to enter the editorial field.
(43.) _Educational Director._ Stores, factories, banks, and other large
institutions now have educational departments not only to train their
employees in their own systems of business but to give them broader
general educations. Classes are maintained. In stores the sales people
receive instruction in the nature of fabrics, in the history of
furniture, in everyday psychology, and in the specific system of the
store. There is always an educational director with assistants.
This is a rather new type of work and a most excellent variation from
ordinary teaching. Several colleges give courses in educational work for
institutions. In Boston is a school called “The Prince School” which
teaches store educational systems.
Pay for educational directors varies from $2,400 to $8,000 a year. Her
assistants receive from $35 to $75 a week.
(44.) _Explorer._ Women have had their parts in the exploration of the
world. Present day explorations are conducted to gain scientific data
for the most part. Women who are trained in some special work of science
have found interesting times in exploration. Will Beebe, the fascinating
explorer, has employed women as laboratory workers and historians on
some of his adventurous trips. Martin Johnson and Osa Johnson have made
notable exploration trips in Africa. They study wild animal life. Mrs.
Johnson drives a truck, shoots a rifle accurately, cooks, and does
whatever is necessary. Together they take motion pictures and collect
interesting material.
(45.) _Exporter or Importer._ Many women engage in buying foreign
merchandise or in selling American-made products abroad. Some work for
exporting or importing firms and the more ambitious are in business for
themselves.
In novelties, gift articles, and apparel women are especially successful
importers. Much pottery, lace, china, and glass is imported by women.
They, in turn, sell it to wholesale houses or to retail shops.
One woman is a successful exporter of American sewing machines. Another
exports American shoes which are in great demand in Europe.
The best way to learn this business is not through schools and books but
by actual experience. Customs must be thoroughly understood. It is well
to speak foreign languages, too.
(46.) _Farmer._ The call of the land—the feel of the soil—is not
confined to men, alone. Many women love next-to-nature life on farms,
although it proves very strenuous. Women do manage vast grain farms, and
they do it well. Probably more women run truck farms, raising fancy
vegetables for table use. Still more women operate chicken farms. With a
good market nearby, poultry farming is a good industry. Eggs and
chickens are in demand all the year around, and extra money can be made
by the sale of ducks, geese, and turkeys at holiday times, as every
farmer knows.
Agricultural colleges offer splendid courses in modern farming. Rotation
of crops, animal husbandry, and necessary sciences of farming are
sensibly taught. The woman who is planning the vigorous life of a farm
will be well-equipped with this knowledge, although she can obtain it
from books if she wishes to do so.
(47.) _File Clerk._ The careful keeping of correspondence and other
records is a necessary part of any office work. While filing is
considered a rather ordinary task, it is considered highly responsible
in many business organizations. The head of a filing system in a large
company has an important position. By diligent work, and always
meticulous filing, a girl can work herself up to a good position as the
woman in charge of filing.
The ordinary file clerk makes from $10 to $25 a week. Chief file clerks
make as much as $70 a week.
(48.) _Florist._ What woman doesn’t love to handle flowers? To arrange
them? To see them constantly? Among the loveliest flower shops in the
country are those managed and owned by women. Women are also pleasantly
employed in florist shops. They learn how to make corsage, wedding and
funeral bouquets. They come to know the seasonableness of various
flowers.
Clerks in florists’ shops are paid from $12 to $35 a week. If a woman is
thinking of owning a flower shop, she should work in several first
before opening hers as there are many ins and outs in the floral
business.
(49.) _Geologist._ Geology, the study of the surface and inside
structures of the earth, offers a limited but engrossing sphere of
opportunity. The life of the prospecting geologist is physically very
vigorous, but, even so, women tackle this work and like it. The majority
of women geologists, however, teach or do research work. In oil geology
there centers the most commercial interest. At present in the United
States Geological Survey, a woman geologist is engaged in research work
concerning the micro-organisms of oil-producing rocks and sands.
Mineralogy, or the study of minerals, is a branch of geology which women
have entered. At the present time, little exploring for new ore mines is
taking place as the present mines supply well the world’s metal needs.
Consequently, analysis of rocks, or mineralogy, is more or less at a
standstill from a business point of view.
(50.) _Guide._ In these days of extensive travel, there are interesting
chances for professional guides. In Paris and other European cities, a
number of intelligent young American women have become guides. They not
only show tourists famous historical places and museums, but they direct
the anxious shoppers to the best stores and specialty shops, the
out-of-the-ordinary eating places, the quaint inns, etc. Knowledge of
the native language is necessary.
Steamship and travel companies which arrange tours often have cultured
young women as guides and assistant guides. All of their expenses are
paid, of course. They must read up the histories of the places to be
visited, acquaint themselves with the customs of the countries, and
assist in the details of passports and baggage examination care at
ports. On board ship these guides make themselves generally agreeable to
the passengers, playing hostess at ship entertainments.
Salaries paid to these guides are naturally small, as women are anxious
to take the trips. One large tourist company pays these guides $75 a
month, plus expenses. This amount gives the young women money for
clothes and pocket money.
(51.) _Home Economist._ Domestic women with a scientific turn of mind
like to delve deeply into home problems. Some of them study home
economics merely to teach, others put this knowledge to other commercial
uses.
Large flour companies, canning companies, and other food producing
companies employ home economists and provide them with extensive
experimental laboratories. Here they test out new recipes, new uses, and
prove old contentions concerning food values and delectabilities.
Stores use home economists in advisory capacities. Magazines which deal
with home problems also have on their experimental and editorial staffs
women trained in this particular lore. In the whole field of home
dressmaking, many women are employed as expert consultants. Pattern
companies, yard goods stores, and sewing machine companies have home
economists to inform prospective customers as to the most effective ways
to make their own wardrobes.
(52.) _Hostess._ The hostess in any public place—be it a tea room,
hotel, or club—must radiate dignified, reserved hospitality. She speaks
for the business and her personality is very important. She adds
intimacy without familiarity.
In a tea room or cafe she often seats people, taking the place of the
more commercial head waiter. It is the fashion now to be informal in
public places. Then she sees that the customers receive prompt service,
and she tries to provide any unusual courtesy which occurs to her.
The duties and privileges of hostesses vary with every establishment. In
some hotels the hostess resides in the hotel and helps patrons who want
advice on shops, excursions, and theaters. She may preside over the
hotel library.
The hostesses spoken of may be older women, and most frequently are
women of social standing who have had financial reverses. They find
themselves equipped to meet the public and to be professionally
gracious.
In this jazz day, there is another type of hostess in the merry
whirl—the hostess at the night club. She may be a bright, attractive,
and above all wise young woman. It is she who decides who will spend the
most money in the club—and she gives these parties the most desirable
tables. She must be a good sport and not take offense at any too
personal remark which may be cast in her direction. In some clubs she
must dance with any of the men who invite her. She may even be called
upon to furnish some entertaining.
Hostesses receive from $15 a week in the small tea rooms to $75 a week
in the flourishing night clubs.
(53.) _Housekeeper._ Large estates have women employed as head
housekeepers. They sometimes do the duties which butlers have done, that
is, assume charge of the servants and of the household supplies. In a
domicile of many servants, rooms of linens, and vast food stores, the
housekeeper has a very trustworthy occupation. She is paid from $90 to
$150 a month and receives her maintenance.
Most hotels have head housekeepers. Under them are all the chamber
maids. The housekeeper in a hotel is responsible for keeping the rooms
in order. She frequently buys the linen supplies. She takes charge, too,
of the vast laundry done for the hotel.
Housekeepers in hotels usually receive a room and meals. They are paid
from $60 to $300 a month. The latter figure applies to the very large
hotels, of course.
(54.) _House Mother._ School dormitories and school fraternities and
sororities have house mothers. They plan the food, manage the servants,
and act as guides, philosophers, and friends to the girls or boys who
live in the houses.
Women who are accepted in schools as house mothers are usually
middle-aged women of genteel background and sympathetic nature. Their
actions will be watched and imitated by the children, and therefore
their manners must be above reproach. The salaries they receive vary
from $75 to $150 a month. They receive, of course, maintenance.
(55.) _Interior Decorator._ Here is a veritable Elysium for women!
Hundreds of them have entered the profession of interior decoration, and
many of them have done remarkable work.
The interior decorator for the home helps with the selection of
furniture, curtains and draperies, lamps, rugs, pictures, tapestries,
dishes, ornaments of any kind, and even the linens. Perhaps the
decorator is called into consultation with the architect. They plan
color schemes and room proportions together. The decorator may go to
Europe to select certain articles. Modest homes, too, are now employing
decorators.
Interior decorators receive fees for their services. Besides this they
get a commission for the articles which they sell. They may even carry
furniture, pottery, fabrics, etc., themselves.
Stores which sell furniture and home needs often employ young women as
consulting interior decorators. Customers come to them with their home
beautifying problems. These young decorators receive from $25 to $150 a
week. In large stores which specialize in this, the experienced interior
decorator may make as much as $10,000 a year. There are only a few
stores in the country which have such extensive departments.
(56.) _Insurance Agents._ Women sell insurance very successfully. They
also hold down other jobs in insurance offices, such as manager of the
woman’s department, research worker, or financial expert.
Women are adept in selling all kinds of insurance, life, fire, tornado,
accident and health, plate glass, etc. They can talk well and they have
enthusiasm for new work.
Women sell other women insurance well. They can talk on an understanding
basis with each other.
Another branch of insurance which women succeed in is the Workman’s
Compensation Act. This is regulated by law. However, adjustments and
claims must be made. The social worker who specializes in this type of
insurance represents the working man with his claim.
(57.) _Jeweler._ Precious stones, gleaming metals, rare craftsmanship,
and a general environment of loveliness is what the jewelry business
offers to women. The majority of positions are selling ones, but they
are fascinating. High types of girls are demanded for this work. They
are, it goes without saying, placed under bond. The wise girl who gets a
position in a jewelry store or the jewelry department of a large store
will study metals and precious stones. There is much of consuming
interest to know.
(58.) _Journalist._ Many a girl has the ambition to do newspaper work.
To be a reporter! It is a lively, consuming profession which more and
more women enter continually. It is a game of the survival of the
fittest. One must have a nose for news, or a propensity for the feature
story type of writing. Reporting is hard work. It means long chases
after sometimes futile stories, tedious waits for personages of
interviewing importance, and sometimes great strains physically. Not all
of the work, by any means, is interesting. Long lists of graduates, for
example, have to be copied. Countless dull stories must be written.
There is the other, thrilling side, too. Getting a “scoop” which means
getting a good story before another paper has it—that is a thrill which
the reporter loves best.
Women reporters are sometimes called “sob sisters.” This means that they
write human interest stories—play up emotions, dwell on
sentimentalities, and sometimes use exaggerations. Women are very agile
reporters. They are often most resourceful and clever.
The top notch positions in journalism are those with syndicates.
Syndicates sell feature stories to many newspapers. The woman who writes
for them is very well paid and her writings are published extensively so
that she acquires a reputation.
Reporters on papers receive from $15 to $125 a week. They have expense
accounts for money used in traveling for the paper.
(59.) _Laboratory Technician._ Medical laboratories have a demand for
trained workers who assist in the analyses and do chemical work in blood
tests, etc. Sometimes these laboratories are in conjunction with
hospitals, and again they may be part of a doctor’s office. Still other
laboratories are run independently and physicians send work to them.
City and state health departments maintain laboratories where cultures
are examined, where water and milk are examined to see if the germ
content is dangerous. Women occupy positions frequently in such
laboratories. They are paid from $20 to $40 a week and must be trained.
(60.) _Landscape Gardener._ Home owners who covet everything beautiful
for their surroundings employ landscape gardeners to plan the shrubs,
trees, flowers, walks, arbors, and all growing things and decorations in
the gardens, lawns, and orchards. Women have gone in for this landscape
gardening wholeheartedly.
A knowledge of horticulture is necessary to the well-equipped landscape
gardener. She must know what seasons the various flowers bloom so that
she can plan continually blooming parts of the garden. She must know
what soils nourish which plants the best. She must have a good sense of
color and of form.
Large firms of architects employ landscape gardeners. Nurseries need
them, too. Many landscape gardeners are in business for themselves.
Cities and state governments use landscape gardeners to make public
buildings look as well as possible. Landscape gardening in parks is a
most necessary feature.
Salaries paid to landscape gardeners vary from $1,500 to $8,000 a year.
Every piece of work, when a woman is in this business for herself, is
charged for separately, as in other professions.
(61.) _Lawyer._ A woman lawyer used to be considered somewhat of a
freak. Now she is respected and admired. Although women have not invaded
law as they have medicine and some of the other professions, they are
making significant inroads. They have been uniquely successful in
maintaining positions in the national, state, and municipal legal
forces.
Women do try cases in court splendidly. Furthermore, they prove
admirable in probate or estate work. In the domestic relations courts
they evince a basic understanding of legal situations which involve
emotional conflicts. In children’s courts, too, they prove their right
to be in the honored profession of law. More and more trust companies
are finding women lawyers suitable for their legal work.
(62.) _Librarian._ The girl who is interested in quiet, intelligent, and
rather modestly paid work, will do well to interest herself in
libraries. They may be divided into these classes: public, school,
technical, and private. Everyone knows public libraries and the way they
function. The larger libraries have subdivisions in which librarians
specialize. For example, a woman may be a children’s librarian or a
reference room librarian. The librarian can be a great influence for
good in the community as she can help to direct the reading of men,
women, and children. Many ideas are formed by reading.
School and technical libraries require trained workers, too. The
librarian in a school should have a fresh, youthful point of view. She
must assist the student in reference work, give him inspiration, and
keep all the many details of her work in good order. Medical and legal
associations maintain libraries for reference and research work. Capable
women often take charge of these.
Private libraries are maintained by extremely wealthy people, by
scholars, and by collectors. Some of these private collections of rare
books are interesting beyond description. Librarians for these jeweled
shelves keep the books well catalogued, entertain guests with
information concerning the volumes, and assist their employers if they
are using the library for any particular piece of work.
Colleges now have courses for library work. There are distinct schools
for librarians, too. Salaries are not munificent, averaging from $60 to
$300 a month. Some head librarians of large institutions receive as high
as $6,000 a year. They are few and far between.
(63.) _Mechanic._ Traditionally women are most awkward with a hammer, a
monkey wrench, or a screw driver. They, themselves, have come to accept
the notion that they cannot be mechanically adept. Every once in a while
this contention is heartily disproved. A woman is noted who is a garage
worker—or who owns a garage. One large American city boasts an expert
woman plumber. In this day and age, if a woman is interested in any
mechanical pursuit—from engineering to operating a steam shovel—there is
no reason why she cannot follow out her own desires. More power to her!
(64.) _Merchandise Expert._ Stores have large corps of buyers; a
tendency in modern storekeeping is to have merchandise superintendents
over groups of these buyers. The buyers then come to the merchandise
experts for advice, to talk over market conditions, and to figure out
special promotional work. The merchandise expert has either been a buyer
or has had advertising experience.
This is a most responsible position. The woman occupying it must know
merchandise, advertising, and must be able to predict demands for
certain classes of articles. Sales promotion work is usually a part of
her job. That means that she plans special events, such as birthday
sales, founder’s day sales, spring sales, etc. She spends time in the
markets with the buyers. She must keep in vital touch with public
sentiments. She is held accountable for the failures of any departments.
Men, too, occupy similar positions. Since women have been in the field
of buying for years, they are not resented as merchandise experts.
Salaries paid to them are much larger than in the majority of
occupations. Their year’s checks would total from $5,000 to $20,000.
Only women with long experience and remarkably clear insight can make
outstanding successes in this line. It is a good mark for which to aim.
(65.) _Milliners._ The old order changeth! Women used to have their hats
made from selected shapes and trimmings. Today the made-to-order hat is
quite a rarity. Since the simple, tailored hats have come into
existence, millinery has been a simple trade, too. A recent development
adds a bit of technique. In Paris there is a craze to have the hat
draped and pinned on the head of the individual who is to wear it. This
makes decidedly individual styles. American milliners are trying out
this idea, and, if it works, it will boost the profession. Today
milliners buy their hats all trimmed and their jobs resolve into selling
occupations.
(66.) _Model._ Mannikin is another name. The model must be a beautiful
girl, exquisitely proportioned. She wears clothing that prospective
customers may see just how well it looks. Models are used in many high
class retail shops. Here the 200 pound customer fancies she will look
just like the lissom model—and she signs the dotted line and has the
dress delivered.
Wholesale houses invariably use models for clothing. The girls show
buyers the styles. They work hard, sometimes changing dresses or coats a
couple of hundred times a day, when the season is busy. They slip in and
out of garments with lightning speed. They must walk just so—and answer
any questions the buyer may care to ask, although there is almost always
a salesman present.
Models for clothing receive from $25 to $60 a week. The average pay in a
wholesale dress or coat house is $35 a week. Photographers’ models are
paid by the sitting. The best studios pay $5 for a street clothing
picture and $10 for a sitting in lingerie, hose, etc. Some of the
photographers’ models make very good money.
(67.) _Movie Director._ Several women carry flying colors in this new
and developing work. Usually the woman movie directors have evolved from
scenario writers, caption writers, and others connected in some way with
the industry. They must be highly skilled in all the mechanical
knowledge concerning photography and they must understand film
presentation of human feelings. Then, they must be able to instill in
the actresses and actors the spirit of the production. They are paid
either by the picture or on a salary basis.
It might be well here to say a few words concerning the moving picture
field, exclusive of acting. Studios employ a staff of scenario readers,
caption writers, and scenario writers. Still other women are employed in
the advertising and research departments. The movies have a glorious
future ahead of them, and any woman who believes herself mentally
equipped to find her place in this growth will do well to get a position
in a company where she can learn the most possible about the art of
moving pictures. The University of Southern California is said to be
planning a series of courses on the moving picture industry.
(68.) _Musician._ This is an all inclusive title: it embraces pianists,
violinists, harpists, singers, composers, and teachers. To say nothing
of cellists and other artists who perform on musical instruments. It
takes in grand opera stars and tin pan alley singers.
Every year hundreds of young people come to large cities to study music.
Many of them are undoubtedly talented. They do not realize the hazardous
path between them and fame. It is fraught with many unreasonable
difficulties. Ability, personality, and good luck all contribute their
bits. Health is surely not to be overlooked. Training for a musical
career is very expensive and not at all certain.
Teaching music is another field. It offers more variety now than ever
before. We have community song leaders who lead the singing of great
crowds of people. We have coaches for municipal song fests. We have
choir directors. A splendid technical education is an absolute
requisite.
The compensation for public performers in music is most uncertain. Their
publicity expenses are always great, as they must keep their names
constantly before the public. Jealousy exists among such temperamental
people. But, with determination, talent, and patience as guardian
angels, many musicians do arrive at their goals.
(69.) _Novelist._ Every woman has at least one story to write, the
history of her own life. Within the most humble and the quietest person
exists some interesting story. In the present time, many women are
writing these and other stories.
It is advisable for a woman to write a novel, provided she has ability
to write and provided she does not have to depend upon the income of the
novel for her livelihood. Unless a novel is a very good seller, it does
not make much money. The average royalty on a book by an unknown or
little known author is 20 per cent. If a thousand copies are sold, that
means only $200. Of course, if the book seems adaptable for the movies,
a nice sum is netted. The movies will buy the rights from anywhere in
the neighborhood of $1,000 to $10,000 for an unknown author. Some
publishers have clauses in their contracts which give them a percentage
of the movie rights of books they get out.
(70.) _Numerologist and Astrologist._ These are more or less mystic
beliefs, although both claim mathematical precision and formulae.
Numerology is the science of numbers, its adherents say. Every letter in
one’s name has a numerical value, and combinations of these values have
supposed meanings. Followers of this belief work out their destinies
from their names. If the results are not pleasing, one changes one’s
name to something which will bring happiness and good fortune. Experts
are needed to work out values and to suggest the best possible
combinations. A surprising number of women numerologists seem to be kept
busy by anxious clients. Their charge varies from $5 to $25 a
consultation. They cite as proofs many famous people who attained their
prominence only after changing their names.
Astrology, in its popular conception, is the study of the influence on
human life of atmospheric conditions dealing particularly with the sun,
the moon, and the stars. Each person has a horoscope which tells him his
character and will provide advice for his activities. Belief in
astrology is not new, as ancient nations revered it and practiced its
commands.
One well known woman astrologist in New York receives $25 for a
horoscope reading which takes her about a half hour. Her time is so much
in demand that she has a tremendous waiting list and no appointments can
be made sooner than thirty days in the future. Of course, her regular
clients who consult her on business matters daily have access to her
advice. (See Little Blue Book No. 767.)
(71.) _Nurse._ Humanity calls to those who follow this profession
conscientiously. In nursing, there is more of a future than many people
consider. A highly skilled nurse is invaluable to a surgeon. In
hospitals there are many executive positions for intelligent nurses. In
public health work, hundreds of positions are open, and more will be
open, to socially minded nurses.
Most hospitals now accept only high school graduates as probate nurses.
The average course in a hospital is for three years. Some, especially
University hospitals, have raised the time to four years. Besides
actually caring for the patients, the student nurses must study a
prescribed course dealing with the science of nursing.
Graduate nurses who do case work make very good money, the average
running from $8 to $12 a day, but it must be remembered that they do not
work continually. Their expenses of living continue, and they may spend
many idle days. Some nurses secure positions with invalids and stay on
the same cases for years.
(72.) _Occupational Therapist._ This is largely the teaching of arts and
crafts to injured persons. The World War developed this most valuable
idea. Keep the injured person occupied! Keep his thoughts on something
besides his own troubles. So they teach incurables basket weaving, lamp
making, doll making, etc. It is truly a great help. The patient becomes
interested and cheerful. He may make his living and thus evade the
experience of being dependent upon his family, his friends, the state,
or charity.
A few large hospitals in the country have courses in occupational
therapy. One engaged in this work can feel she is doing great good in a
rather cheerless world. It could be depressing, work, too, if the
therapist failed to realize the larger aspects of the job.
The salary is as good as paid to private nurses. This work extends to
institutions for the feeble-minded, too. These unfortunate people are
taught to do some interesting and useful work.
(73.) _Pharmacist._ This includes the manufacture of drugs, the filling
of medical prescriptions, and the teaching of pharmacy. Women who are
interested in chemistry often enter this field. They are exact and
efficient. They may go into manufacturing plants in positions of
supervision, or they may take positions in drug stores. Pharmacists are
needed in hospitals, too. There is no discrimination against women in
this work.
Salaries range from $30 to $65 a week for clerks and from $50 to $100
for executive work in manufacturing plants. There is a great research
field in pharmacy which invites women to enter.
(74.) _Photographer._ Photography in its best expression may be
considered an art. Light, proportion, and line figure in the fine
photograph. Commercially, portrait photography is the most paying. Women
photographers who have specialized in taking interesting and lifelike
pictures of people have built up great patronages. Some women specialize
in photographing children. This requires a patience with children to
whom a large camera is a new and often terrifying mechanism.
Theatric photographing is also a profitable business, as stars must have
new pictures taken frequently and must hand them out in large numbers to
their fans.
A newer form of photography for women is taking moving pictures. This
science has developed remarkably in the last decade; there are thousands
of facts to know about it. Women have assisted in this field for some
time, and a few individuals have attained executive jobs. It is a
perfectly possible profession for women.
(75.) _Playwright._ Like writing novels, the fashioning of plays is a
splendid avocation until one’s reputation is established. The world of
the theater is ever uncertain, always astonishing in its developments.
Even the success of a play can be forecast by none. Many, many plays are
accepted, produced, and then they fail. This means no or small royalty
for the author.
Women succeed in play-writing just as well as men do. There have been
many outstanding hits in the theatre world which have been written by
women.
The writing of vaudeville skits can be a remunerative business, although
there are pitfalls to be noted. It is better to sell a vaudeville act
outright for cash than on a royalty basis unless the act happens to be
very well known and established. The woman ambitious to write vaudeville
acts should go ahead and advertise in some of the vaudeville magazines.
A vaudeville act should sell for $100 and up.
(76.) _Politician._ Women have always been politicians, in their own
way, even before they obtained suffrage. Now many women take politics
seriously, manage campaigns, run for offices themselves, and serve on
committees.
There is always work to be done in the political parties, and no woman
of some intelligence and application will find it difficult to get a
humble entree into the political arena. Her first task will be
electioneering. Then she may be appointed to some committee. The
majority of these jobs are not paid.
In political organizations there are paid positions which are not
political graft jobs. The League of Women Voters employs a force of
women, although their task is informative rather than propagandic.
(77.) _Printer._ Printing is one of the master trades today in this
world of the written word. There are a considerable number of women who
are in the printing business for themselves. There are others who work
at the trade, belong to the union, and do well in their jobs. One woman
runs the printing shop on a large ship; she prepares the menus, printed
bulletins, etc., which are issued by this floating city.
Printing is tremendously important to advertising. The printer of
tomorrow must understand lay-out, typography in its relation to
business, and must have an esthetic sense. It would seem that women
would fit into this scheme admirably. Formerly not so much appearance as
context mattered in an advertisement; today each has equal importance.
Women printers receive the same wages as men printers do. This varies
somewhat as to locale, but wages are generally good ranging from $5 to
$10 a day.
(78.) _Proofreader._ Publishers, printers, newspapers, and advertising
departments need proofreaders to see that printed matter is presented
correctly. Proofreaders compare the printed proofs with original copy
and make corrections which are needed. Proofreaders must have an
accurate knowledge of spelling, grammar, and all rhetorical uses.
Proofreading is an excellent way of learning any of the above-mentioned
businesses. In itself, it is not an occupation with a brilliant future.
Proofreaders earn from $15 to $40 a week. Sometimes the work is of great
interest, and again they may be proofreading long columns of figures,
lists of names, or reports of unoriginal speeches.
(79.) _Psychiatrist._ Psychiatry is the study of the nature and remedy
for mental diseases. Life today is complex and full of nervous and
emotional strain. The need for mental balance is great. The science of
the mind and its emotions has developed rapidly in the last twenty
years.
Psychiatrists may be doctors, nurses, or social workers. They help the
individual to adjust himself to his environment. Women have entered this
new calling extensively. There is a psychiatric school at Smith College
every summer for young women who intend to go into the field of
psychiatric social work.
One of the interesting developments of this new science is the Child
Guidance Clinic. Many cities have them; hospitals find them of great
service. In some cities, the delinquent children are referred from the
juvenile courts to the guidance clinics. The psychiatrists try to
discover the causes for the children’s unsocial actions. Often the
corrective work must be done with the parents. The psychiatrist gets all
the history possible of the case and evolves from that her conclusions.
Some of the larger settlement houses have established psychiatric
clinics, too.
Salaries for trained psychiatrists (not doctors) range from $1,800 to
$4,500 a year.
(80.) _Psycho-Analyst._ The majority of reputable psycho-analysts have
degrees in medicine. Individuals who have a hard time getting along in
the world emotionally have been greatly helped by psycho-analysis. Its
purpose is to overcome complexes, fears, and senses of guilt. Analysis
means a thorough going over of the mind, its associations and its
symbols, and from this analysis the individual emerges a much more
complete person. An analysis takes from two months to a year, depending
upon the mental and emotional state of the individual and upon the
technique of the analyst.
There is one woman physician in New York who is an international
authority on psycho-analysis. She has studied with the leading men in
the field and she meets with excellent results in her work.
Analysts receive from $5 to $40 an hour for their time.
(81.) _Public Health Worker._ A well-informed people is a healthy
people. The spread of the knowledge of hygiene has lessened the death
rate remarkably. People must be taught to care for their bodies.
Governments must know that factories, plants, street cars, theaters, and
all working and gathering places are clean, well-ventilated, and not
harmful for the people who attend them. Child labor must be regulated.
All of this comes under the head of public health work. Almost always
the work is done by the government, but there are also privately endowed
institutions to carry on the purposes of better living.
Public health workers do not receive luxurious salaries. The nurses do
not earn as much as they might in private work. They average from $25 to
$50 a week.
(82.) _Publicity Agent._ Dramas, banks, manufacturing plants, schools,
cities, stores, and even prominent individuals have publicity agents.
With some institutions, like the Rockefeller Institute, the publicity
agents keep the public properly informed of the work they are doing.
With theaters it is for the express purpose of inciting interest which
will make people bring their money to the box office.
Publicity agents gather facts, get them into interesting and presentable
shape, and see that they get into papers and magazines. Journalism is an
excellent training for this type of work. The publicity agent must know
what interests people. Publicity is news. It is not paid advertising.
Publicity agents receive from $35 to $500 a week.
(83.) _Realtor._ Women are engaged in the real estate business in
endless capacities. In the Florida boom many women made and lost as much
as any of the men promoters. Women sell real estate, act as brokers,
serve as agents, make leases, and handle collections of rents. In New
York many women rent whole apartment houses and sublet apartments.
In selling a house, a woman has an advantage over a man. She can explain
to another woman, probably the housewife who will reside in the new
home, all the advantages of the domestic architecture, the school
conditions for the children, and other kindred feminine questions.
The income of women realtors varies greatly because much of the work is
done on a commission basis.
(84.) _Religious Worker._ Churches today have efficient, business-like
organizations and employ trained people to carry on work. Pastors of
large congregations have secretaries, social workers, and other
assistants.
In this modern time, too, women are becoming ministers of the gospel in
some denominations. They are also following evangelical work, carrying
on revival meetings, leading music for camp meetings. Some of the
outstanding sky pilots of the day are girls and women.
The tendency today is to make the church a social center, too, where
young people can enjoy healthy fun. Librarians and recreational
directors are employed.
Since churches are notably poor financially and since the work is
supposed to have spiritual recompense, salaries to workers are rather
small. They would average from $40 to $150 a month.
(85.) _Saleswoman._ The more unusual types of sales positions will be
mentioned here. The position of saleswoman in a store is all right if
used for experience; buyers are selected from sales persons of
recognized ability.
Women have made big strides in the business of selling stocks and bonds.
They not only sell to other women but to men and business organizations.
Investors are turning to bonds now as never before and cities all over
the United States are harboring bond houses.
Women make good automobile sales records. They demonstrate the car, talk
over its mechanical points, and finally hand over the dotted line.
As much selling is done on commission, the salaries paid depend entirely
upon the individual.
(86.) _Secretary._ Big business men must have their secretaries to whom
they dictate letters sometimes, and whose business it is to be the
biggest possible help to their employers. Sometimes secretaries know a
vast amount about a man’s business and personal affairs; therefore she
must be trustworthy. A secretary evolves usually from a stenographer.
There are secretarial schools, too, which teach splendid courses. A
secretary must have a neat appearance, must have good sense, and must be
able to meet people. She sees almost all of the callers who want to see
her employer. Often she must judge the importance of their business. She
is there to save her employer’s time. Secretaries receive from $25 to
$100 a week.
Another branch of this work is that of the social secretary. She attends
to the details of the social life of some woman. This woman may just be
trying to get into so-called society or she may actually need some one
to take care of her engagement book, send out invitations for affairs,
and do miscellaneous errands and tasks for her. Social secretaries must
possess rare tact. They usually are girls or women who have once held
enviable social positions but who have been forced to earn their own
livings. Their salaries range from $60 to $175 a month. In some cases
they live in the home whose social activities they regulate.
(87.) _Settlement Worker._ Most cities have community houses where the
children and adults can gather for recreation and for education. Club
rooms, swimming pools, libraries, gymnasiums, and classes in cultural
and occupational subjects are maintained. These are generally for the
poorer people.
The settlements have resident workers who live in the house. They direct
the children, teach the sports, and supervise all the activities
generally. Settlement workers must be sympathetic, sane-minded, and
cheerful. They must be able to see above the horizon to a day when all
peoples will be wise and clean! For the teaching of personal hygiene is
one of the great tasks of the settlement worker. Resident members of a
settlement house receive from $80 to $150 a month.
(88.) _Silversmith._ Individuality in jewelry is considered highly
desirable. Today hand-made jewelry is at a premium. Artistically
inclined young women have taken up the study of delicate metal work and
they turn out beautiful pieces of work. Odd pins, wondrous rings, daring
earrings, gorgeous bracelets emerge from their work tables.
Jewelry designing is also a good profession. Every year hundreds of
novelties are brought out, and these have been conceived by some
designer. Women find interest and good pay in this branch of the art
known as that of the silversmith.
(89.) _Social Service Worker._ All work for organized charities comes
under this head. So do other occupations already described, such as
settlement work, public health work, certain phases of psychiatry, etc.
Charitable organizations employ numbers of case workers who investigate
home and working conditions of people who come to them for help. Case
histories are taken, giving the parentage of the people in question, and
quite a cross-section of their own histories. Their health, their
working conditions, their living conditions, and all of their
environment are surveyed. The present idea of charitable work is not to
give people help except in dire necessity, but to assist them to stand
on their own feet. Education is the greatest work for the poor and the
unfortunate.
Case workers are paid from $60 to $150 a month.
(90.) _Statistician._ It is good business to keep accurate records. The
future can only be interpreted in the light of the past, and figures,
not impressions or personal convictions, tell the truth. How many pairs
of gloves, for example, did a department sell? A guess is not at all
valuable.
In organizations of size, statisticians are employed. They compile
figures and often help in the conclusions drawn from the figures. In
science, too, statisticians are valuable. Statistics will be the basis
of historical content and interpretation in the future.
Statisticians should be well trained in mathematics and in economics.
Women are equally as successful as men in this field. The pay for
statistical work varies from $18 to $75 a week.
(91.) _Stenographer._ Many girls study stenography as a foundation for a
business career. Provided a girl does not know what type of work she
wishes to do, this is commendable. If she knows what interests her most
and if she feels she has the ability to do it, it is better for her to
get actual experience in the work she is going to do. If shorthand and
typing will not be necessary for that work, it seems a waste of time and
effort to learn these mechanics which will not prove of practical value.
One excellent feature about stenography is that a woman rarely has a
very difficult time getting a position doing that work. In the rarer and
more interesting positions, jobs are fewer and a wait is often required
before one lands just the right thing.
Two high type varieties of stenography are court reporting and public
work. The girl who is a public stenographer is in business for herself.
She can work up a nice future, hiring others to do work which she cannot
handle. Court reporting requires great speed, accuracy, and a knowledge
of legal terminology.
Stenographers average from $12 to $100 a week; the latter pertains to
court reporters and other experts.
(92.) _Stylist._ Stylists see all the new fashions in apparel and
forecast for the benefit of buyers and shop owners just what will be new
and popular. They receive salaries from stores and shops. It is their
work to see what smart people are wearing, to know what the most
distinctive shops are offering, and to tell what is in good taste and
what is salable. The more important stylists go abroad for the Paris
openings. They assist buyers by advising them of style desirability.
Stylists often assemble correct accessories for certain dresses or
coats. They often attend to the style shows which the majority of stores
give every season.
Stylists must know merchandise. They must recognize what fashions will
meet with popular approval, and they must always be very well-dressed
themselves.
Stylists receive from $25 to $150 a week.
(93.) _Teacher._ The day is now gone when any girl who wanted to earn
her own living had to be a school ma’am. Teaching should be a chosen
calling, nothing else. Only when a woman feels a great urge to teach
should she enter this profession. Too many temperamentally unfit women
have assumed the truly sacred task of teaching children and youths.
Preparation for teaching is vastly better in the present colleges and
universities which have whole staffs of scholars in educational
departments.
Another form of teaching is tutoring. This can be done in part time.
Young people need to have special lessons in subjects which are
difficult for them, and also for college entrance examinations. Tutors
are paid from 50c to $4 an hour.
Not as many families as formerly have governesses nowadays. A governess
does not occupy a very exalted position; she is likely to be treated as
a high class servant. Still, for families which travel, governesses are
necessary. Girls who take these positions have a chance to see some of
the large and inviting world. Governesses receive from $60 to $150 a
month, plus, of course, their rooms and food.
Teachers in grade schools receive from $75 to $250 a month. High school
teachers receive slightly more. College teachers are variously paid,
ranging from $1,200 to $5,000 a year.
Teachers in private schools come into more social contact with the
students and lead a more personal type of school life.
(94.) _Tea Room Manager._ Americans have adopted the idea of informal
dining, and our highways and byways are dotted with interesting little
tea rooms. Stores maintain them and they prove popular with customers.
The old idea was that anyone could manage a tea room. This has proved
erroneous. Like everything else, this vocation requires training. New
York and other large cities have schools which teach the financial,
dietetic, and atmosphere principles which govern the successful tea
room. Girls who are going to open tea shops for themselves enter. So do
girls who want to obtain positions running tea shops for others. Part of
the course is laboratory work, or actual experience in tea rooms. The
other part consists of lectures, discussions, and directed reading in
kindred subjects.
Girls and women who are tea room managers receive from $25 to $75 a week
salary.
(95.) _Title Examiner._ In every real estate deal, title must be given
to the property transacted. This usually consists of an abstract,
brought to date, and a deed. The abstract, of course, must tell the
entire history of the property and show tax payments. All of this
requires considerable investigation and work. It is a combined
specialization of real estate and legal knowledge. A clever girl could
work herself up to this position of title examiner by learning all the
salient facts in the matter. Title examiners for realty companies are
quite well paid, averaging from $25 to $65 a week.
(96.) _Translator._ Rapid communication and easy transportation have
made the whole world kin. Today there is a vast net of business
transactions between the countries of the world. That necessitates a
facility with different languages. A translator can have a position as a
stenographer or a more important position in which she figures in the
policy of her company. Her knowledge of a certain foreign language will
make her valuable. Most banks employ translators. Commercial translators
find in their pay envelopes from $25 to $50 a week.
(97.) _Undertaker._ The more dignified term is mortician. Women have
received certificates as embalmers and almost every city has at least
one undertaking establishment owned by a woman. It is a little
impossible to conceive of the young girl choosing this depressing
vocation; still, the work is certainly one in which kindness and
sympathy can be used.
(98.) _Vocational Guide._ Here is a truly twentieth century profession!
The realization that every person should be equipped to earn his own
living makes the matter of choosing a vocation an important step. Many
people do work which they cannot enjoy; consequently, they do not
succeed as well as they might if they were in some more congenial type
of employment.
A vocational director helps people to choose occupations for which they
are best fitted. Some colleges have these directors who talk over the
various professional possibilities with the students and help them to
select courses of study which will contribute the most to the end in
view. This important work will be more developed in the future, and
settlement houses will doubtlessly have vocational directors, too.
These professional women receive from $2,400 to $5,000 a year.
(99.) _Waitress._ Here is another trade which almost always offers
openings to relatively untrained workers. It is perfectly all right for
girls and women to do this work, and as honest labor it commands dignity
and respect, but it is not to be considered as a permanent occupation.
It might prove extremely valuable experience for someone who planned to
open a tea room. Waitresses in high class cafes make pretty good money
in tips. They are paid very low salaries. Of course, they receive one or
two meals a day depending upon the length of time they work. $12 to $50
a week is the average earning of a waitress.
(100.) _X-ray-Operator._ The use of the X-ray for examination of the
bone and tissue structures of teeth and other parts of the body has
brought a new profession to women, that of operating the machine and
developing the plates.
The machine is not tremendously difficult to operate, but it requires
great accuracy and dependability. It is rather interesting work for a
girl. She has the pleasing environment of a doctor’s office or of a
laboratory or clinic. Her work is with human beings and she is assisting
to better them physically.
X-ray operators receive from $20 to $50 a week, depending upon their
skill and experience.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCLUSION
In explanation, there have been considered here one hundred practical
professions for women, and salaries have been given. As economic
conditions in different sections of the country vary enormously, these
figures must be considered only as indicative.
In studying women in the professional fields of the world today, several
inevitable and engrossing conclusions emerge from the mass of facts.
First, that woman has gained tremendous independence in the business
world. There is scarcely any profession which she cannot enter, if she
feels a calling to it. The trail has been blazed. With this vast new
panorama, girls should not choose professions just because they are
different. The old “know thyself” still holds good, and each girl and
woman should study her own personality and her own capability. Advice
from successful business women is valuable; get several points of view,
if you are considering adopting a profession. Consider, too, the
locality in which you will live when you practice your profession. Some
of the newer vocations are possible only in large cities.
The outstanding thing which can be said to all girls and women is, “Get
an education—receive a training for your job.” If a girl has her choice
of going to school or going to work, keep on in school, electing studies
which will help you in your business work. If you find yourself facing
the necessity of earning a living, and you have only ordinary training,
get a job and go to night school or take correspondence courses. Many
universities now offer such courses. To succeed, you just need to know a
little more than the other fellow. Knowledge, and the ability to apply
it, is power in the business world.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transcriber’s Notes
● Note: Printer’s errors and apparent misspellings have been changed
and are noted below
● Note: Hyphenation and capitalization have been standardized in cases
noted below, where there is a predominant form in the text
● Pg. 12: Fixed capitalization: ‘... and turkish baths’ to ‘Turkish’
● Pg. 16: Corrected typo: ‘The duties of these employes’ to ‘employees’
● Pg. 23: Corrected typo: ‘... sytles which lend themselves’ to
‘styles’
● Pg. 30: Added missing apostrophe: ‘Clerks in florists shops are’ to
‘florists’ shops’
● Pg. 35: Removed hyphen: ‘... house-mothers are usually’ to ‘house
mothers’—Without hyphen earlier
● Pg. 35: Corrected typo: ‘... selection of furniture, curtain’ to
‘curtains’
● Pg. 53: Corrected typo: ‘... like the Rockefellow Institute’ to
‘Rockefeller’
● Pg. 60: Corrected typo: ‘... formerly have governesses nowdays’ to
‘nowadays’
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